cÅ è gzZ øÚ g@* VÐñ^ÏvÖ] Ì ^Ò...Haqaiq received influences from Aab-e-Hayat and Muqadimah...

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@*g]ÚøZzg+è™Åc Ò^�Ì]ÖvÏ^ñÐVIn the Indo-Pak Subcontinent, the second half of 19th centaury was an era of

revolutionary changes as long as its educational, civilizational, and literary

history was concerned. In this era the best books of Urdu criticismAab-e-Hayat,

Muqadimah Sher-o-Shairi, Kaashif al Haqaiq and Sher ul Ajamwere written. In

this paper, Imdad Imam Asar's Kaashif al Haqaiq has been studied in the context

of books that were brought out before this. The researcher argues that Kaashif al

Haqaiq received influences from Aab-e-Hayat and Muqadimah Sher-o-Shairi,

and in some ways its author's point of view is also different from those of Azad's

and Hali's.

The second part of this paper deals with an important issue of classical Urdu

poetics, i.e., masculine gender marking for the beloved in verse, as it emerges

out of Kaashif al Haqaiq. The researcher shows that masculine gender marking

has been justified in Kaashif al Haqaiq in two ways: 1) through linguistic

structure and 2) in the backdrop of the civilizational values. This research shows

that the debate on the use of masculine gender marking has been carried out in a

detailed manner in Kaashif al Haqaiq.

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cÅ è gzZ øÚ g@* VÐñ^ÏvÖ] Ì ^Ò...Haqaiq received influences from Aab-e-Hayat and Muqadimah...

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