C-6 POWDERS
-
Upload
lhynn-antonette-lorenzo -
Category
Documents
-
view
222 -
download
0
Transcript of C-6 POWDERS
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 1/67
GRANULESPOWDERS and
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 2/67
POWDERS
-pulvis-
Powders are mixtures offinely divided drugsand/or chemicals usedexternally or internally in
dry form.
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 3/67
Advantages Disadvantages-More stable than liquid
- More convenient to swallow thantablet or capsules
- Used in blending with medicatedapplication as ointments,suppositories and pastes
- Can be prepared into granulesfor use in preparingtablets and or
reconstituted to liquidform
- Rapid therapeutic effect due tolarge surface area
-Undesirability of taking bitter or
unpleasant tasting of drugs
- Difficulty of protecting fromdecomposition thosepowders containing
hygroscopic, deliquescentor aromatic materials
-Time and expenses require in thepreparation of uniform
powders are great
- Inaccuracy of bulk powders
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 4/67
Characteristics
• Chemical & physicalfeatures
morphology
purity
solubility
flowability
stability
particle size
uniformity
compatibility
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 5/67
PRECAUTIONS INPREPARING POWDERS TO
BE OF HIGH EFFICACY
1. The powders must behomogenous blend
of all the components
2. Must be of the mostadvantageous particle
size
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 6/67
STEPS inPREPARINGPOWDERS
Particle sizereduction
Mixing ofPowders
Packaging ofPowders
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 7/67
Particle SizeReduction
Comminution or
grinding may be defined asthe process of particle size
reduction
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 8/67
METHODS OF COMMINUTION IN SMALL SCALE
Trituration - Is the process of grinding a powder in a mortar and pestle to
reduce its particle size.
Pulverization by Intervention - Is the reduction of particle size withthe aid of a second agent which can be readily removed from the pulverized
product
Example: applies to camphor where it is readily triturated when a few drops ofalcohol or other volatile solvent is added. The pulverized camphor is readily recovered asthe solvent evaporates.
Levigation - Is the process of
reducing particle size by first forming apaste of the solid with a minimumamount of a levigating agent and thentriturating the paste in a mortar or on
slab with a spatula.
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 9/67
The Basis of Choice ofLevigating Agent is:
1.Its ability to form a smoothpaste with the substance
2.Its compatibility in theproduct so water cannotbe used for levigating a
substance for oleaginousointment base
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 10/67
SIEVE SIEVE SIEVE SIEVE
NUMBER OPENING NUMBER OPENING
2.0 9.50 mm 70.0 212.00 um
3.5 5.60 mm 80.0 180.00 um
4.0 4.75 mm 100.0 150.00 um
8.0 2.36 mm 120.0 125.00 um
10.0 2.00 mm 200.0 75.00 um
20.0 850.00 um 230.0 63.00 um
30.0 600.00 um 270.0 53.00 um
40.0 425.00 um 325.0 45.00 um
50.0 300.00 um 400.0 38.00 um
60.0 250.00 um
OPENING OF STANDARD SIEVES
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 11/67
Medicated Powders@ Some medicated powders are intended to be used internally;
others externally
@ Most powders for internal use are taken orally after mixingwith water
@ Some powders are intended to be inhaled for local orsystemic effects
@ Medicated powders for external use aredusted on the affected area from sifter-
type container or applied from powderaerosol
@ External use should bear a label marked
EXTERNAL USE ONLY
@ Medicated for oral use may be intended forlocal effects (laxatives) or systemic effect
(analgesic)
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 12/67
AEROSOL POWDERS@ administered by inhalation with the
aid of dry-powder inhalers, whichdeliver micronized particles ofmedication in metered quantities(range of 1 to 6 um)
@ example: Alupent; each dose isdelivered through the mouthpiece
upon activation of the aerosol unit’s
valve
@ it use in the treatment of asthma andother bronchial disorders
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 13/67
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 14/67
Particle Size AnalysisPowders of vegetable and animal drugs
• Very coarse (No.8)
• Coarse (no. 20)
•Moderately coarse (No. 40)
• Fine (No. 60)
• Very Fine (No. 80)
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 15/67
Particle Size AnalysisThe powders fineness for chemicals
• Coarse (No. 20)
• Moderately coarse (No. 40)
•Fine (No. 80)
• Very Fine (No. 120)
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 16/67
Purpose of particle size analysis
• To obtain quantitative data on the size,distribution, and shapes of drug and nondrug components to be used in
pharmaceutical formulation
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 17/67
Methods Of Determining Particle Size
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 18/67
SEDIMENTATION RATE, in which particles
is determined by measuring the terminal settling velocityof particles through a liquid medium in gravitational or centrifugal environment (range: 0.8-300 micrometers)
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 19/67
Light Energy diffraction, in which particle size isdetermine by the reduction in light reaching the sensor
as the particle, dispersed in a liquid or gas, passesthrough the sensing zone (range: 0.2 - 500 micrometers)
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 20/67
Laser halography, in which a pulsed laser is fired through
an aerolized particle spray and photographed in threedimension with a halographic camera, allowing theparticles to be individually imaged and sized (range: 1.4 -100 micrometers)
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 21/67
Cascade Impaction is based on the principle that a
particle, driven by an airstream, will impact on asurface in its path, provided that its inertia issufficient to overcome the drag force that tends tokeep it in the airstream
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 22/67
SIEVING – particles are passed by mechanical
shaking through a series of sieves (from 40 to 9500micrometers, depending upon sieve sizes)
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 23/67
MICROSCOPY – particles are sized through the
use of calibrated grid background or other measuring devise ( range 0.2 to 100 micrometers)
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 24/67
Mixing Of Powders
Powders may be mixed or
prepared depending upon thenature of ingredients, theamount of powders to be
prepared, equipment available
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 25/67
SPATULATION Is a method bywhich small amount of powders may beblended by a spatula on a sheet of paper or pill till.This is also applied to solid substanceswhich liquefy or form eutectic mixtures
Examples: phenol, camphor, menthol,thymol, ASA, phenylsalicylate, andphenacetin
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 26/67
TRITURATION may be employed
both to comminute and to mix powder using mortar preferably with a roughinner surface.
In case a small amount of potent
substance is to be mixed with a largeamount of diluent, a general methodknown as “geometric dilution” isemployed to obtain a uniform mix
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 27/67
SIFTING is the process of mixing by passing the powder through sifters. Not
generally acceptable for
potent drugs. Sifting results in light puffyproduct.
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 28/67
TUMBLING BY MECHANICALMIXING is the process of mixing powders by placing in largecontainers or powder blendersthe rotates by tumbling motion.
Mixing by this process isthorough but time consuming
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 29/67
THUMBLERS
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 30/67
2. Dry Granulation -Dry granulating, also
called slugging orroller compaction,involves the pressingof mixed powdersinto an object to be
reground into aprecise powder.
This action increases
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 31/67
Milling
Milling equipmentis used toimprove flow,
reducesegregation,enhance drying,
and limit wideparticle sizedistribution.
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 32/67
Blending of
Powders
The "V" BLENDER isan efficient and
versatile blending
machine for mixingand lubrication
process of dry
powders
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 33/67
The RIBBONBLENDER is an
efficient and versatileblending machine for
mixing of dry
granules & powdershomogeneously
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 34/67
PACKAGINGof POWDERS
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 35/67
BULK POWDERS
1.Antacid or laxative powders
, which thepatient generally takes by mixing the directedamount of powder
2. Douche powder usually dissolved in warm
water by the patient for vaginal use3. Dusting powders 4. Medicated or non medicated powders
5. Dentifrices or dental cleansing powders6. Insufflations7. Triturations
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 36/67
DIVIDEDPOWDERS
Latin - Chartulae,
Abbr. “charts” orchartula
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 37/67
After the powders have
been properly mixed bythe geometric dilution, itmay be divided into
individual units basedupon the dose. Methodused is called “block and
divide”
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 38/67
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 39/67
SELECTION OF PAPER1. Hygroscopic or deliquescent - use
water proof or waxed paper
2. Powders containing volatilecomponents - should be wrapped inwaxed or in glassine papers
3. Powders containing neither volatilecomponents nor ingredientsadversely affected by air or moistureare usually be wrapped in white
papers
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 40/67
Papers may be:
1. Simple bond papers
2. Vegetable parchment
3. Glassine, a glazed,
transparent paper
4. Waxed paper, a transparentwaterproof paper
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 41/67
Examples Of Finely Divided Powders1. Oral powders are supplied as finely divided
powders or as effervescent granules2. Douche powders, generally dissolved in warm
water for vaginal use3. Medicated or non medicated powders for
external application usually dispensed in sifter
cans for convenient application to the skin4. Dentifrices or dental cleansing powder 5. Denture powders, for dentifrices or for adhesive
to hold dentures
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 42/67
Advantages Of Divided Powders
1.Flexibility2. Rapid therapeutic effect3.Stability
4.Ease of administration
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 43/67
Disadvantages Of Divided Powders
1. Time consuming to prepare2. Not well suited for dispensing of many
unpleasant tasting hygroscopic drug
3. Inaccuracy
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 44/67
Official Powdered Vegetable
Drugs1. Powdered Belladona Extract, NF2. Powdered Digitalis Extract3. Powdered Ipecac, USP
4. Powdered Opium, USP5. Powdered Rauwolfia Serpentina, NF
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 45/67
Official Powders1. Ampicillin Soluble Powder - dry mixture of the ampicillin
and diluents and stabilising agents - anti-infectives2. Polymixin B Sulfate and Bacitracin Zinc Topical
Powder, USP - used as a topical anti-infective3. Compound Clioquinol Powder, USP - mixture of
Clioquinol, lactic acid, zinc stearate, and lactose -vaginal insufflation as an antitrichomonal
4. Nystatin Topical Powder, USP - employed as a topicaldusting powder in the treatment of mycoticinfections
5. Tolnaftate Powder, USP - used topically in thetreatment of fungal infection
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 46/67
3 Official Powders For Topical Use:1. Absorbable Dusting powder- gloves lubricant
2. Compound Iodochlorhydroxyquin Powder NF -vaginal Insufflations as antimicrobial
3. Methylbenzenethonium Choride Powders NF -
local anti-infectives for diaper rash in infants
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 47/67
GRANULES
are prepared agglomerates of smaller
particles. They are generally irregularlyshaped and behave as single largerparticles. They are usually in the 4 to 12
sieve size range.
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 48/67
Examples:
1. Pricipen (Ampicillin) for oral suspension(for reconstitution)
2. Senokot Granules - for laxative
3. Effervescent products as Bromo Seltzer4. K-lyte - Granulations of
effervescent products -compressed into
tablet
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 49/67
EFFERVESCENT GRANULATED SALTS
Effervescent salts are granules or coarse to very
coarse powders containing a soluble medicinalagent in a dry mixture
Composition: Sodium bicarbonate, citric acid, andtartaric acid
Note: When added to water, the acids and basereact to liberate CO2 resulting ineffervescence
Example: Sodium Phosphate - cathartic
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 50/67
Reasons why effervescent salts are usually prepared from a combination
of citric acid and tartaric acid rather than a single acid becauseof difficulties presented as follows:
1. When tartaric acid is the sole acid, resulting granules lose their
firmness readily and crumble
2. Citric acid alone results in a sticky mixture difficult to granulate
So combination will give a balance and obtain a satisfactory product.
Method Of Preparation
1. Dry or Fusion method
2. Wet method
Objectives Of Using The Methods
1. To determine the proper formula for the preparation that will result in
effective effervescence and effect of the product
2. Efficient use of the acids and base present
3. Stable granulation
4. Pleasant taste
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 51/67
Preparation of Granules
1. Dry Granulation
= the dry powder is passed through a roll compactor and thenthrough a granulating machine
= a roll compactor, also called a roll press or roller compactor,processes a fine powder into dense sheets
= the surface of the compacting rolls may be smooth or may havepocket indentations or corrugations that allow compaction ofdifferent forms and textures
= the compacted powder is granulated to uniform particle size inmechanical granulator
= or dry method also termed slugging
2. Wet Granulation
Examples: Zantac EFFERdose tablets
Lactinex Granules = mixed culture of Lactobacillus acidophilus andLactobacillus bulgaricus in 1 g packets used in the treatment ofuncomplicated diarrhea; mixed with water, beverages, sprinkled on food,
or eaten plain
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 52/67
Official Effervescent Salt: Sodium Phosphate NF
Dried Sodium Phosphate (Dried and Powdered) 200 g
Sodium Bicarbonate (Dry Powder) 477 g
Tartaric acid (Dry Powder) 252 g
Citric acid, (Uneffluorescence crystals) 162 g
to make 1000 g
A good working formula
Citric acid 15%
Tartaric acid 28%
Sodium bicarbonate 53%
NOTE: Dose is assumed to be a heaping teaspoon (5g). Granules should bepackaged in tight, dry wide mouth glass jars in cool place
R ti
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 53/67
Reactions:
1. H3C6H507.H20 + 3NaHCO3 Na3C6H5O7 + 4H2O + 3CO2
citric acid sodium citrate
2. H2C
4H
4O
6+ 2NaHCO
3Na
2C
4H
4O
6+ 2H
2O + 2CO
2
tartaric acid
It should be noted that it requires 3 molecules of NaHCO3 to neutralize 1molecule of citric acid (1) and 2 molecules of NaHCO3 to neutralize 1 molecule oftartaric acid (2)
1. For the amount of NaHCO3 required to neutralize 162 g citric acid:
162 g X (84 X 3 molecules)
210.13 252.03 MW NaHCO3
X = 194.3 g of NaHCO3
2. For the amount of NaHCO3 for neutralizing 252 g tartaric acid
252 g tartaric X (84 x2)
150.09 MW 168.02 g NaHCO3
X= 282.1 g NaHCO3
Total 194.3 + 282.1 = 476.4 g
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 54/67
THE PROCEDURE: FUSION OR DRY METHOD
1. Powder citric acid crystals
2. Mix with other powders previously sieved through #60 to ensureuniformity
3. Place in a suitable dish in an oven previously heated between 93-104oC
4. During the heating, turn the powder with an acid resistant spatula.
5. It is removed from the oven and rubbed through an acid resistant sieve toproduce granules of desired size
no. 4 sieve produce large granules
no. 8 sieve produced medium size granules
no. 10 sieve produced small granules
6. After sieving the granules are immediately dried at a temperature notexceeding 54oC the transfer immediately to a container andpromptly and tightly sealed.
WET METHOD
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 55/67
WET METHOD
This differs from the fusion method in that the source of binding agent is notnecessarily the water crystallization of citric acid but may be water added to thenonsolvent (such as alcohol) which is employed as the moistening agent to form thepliable mass of material for granulation.
This granules may be compressed into tablets form ( Bromo Seltzer byWarner Lambert)
DENTIFRICES
Form of bulk powder, generally containing flavors, soap or detergent, mildabrasive, and an polishing agent.
Forms: paste, powder, liquid, and block or solid
Use: used with a tooth brush for the purpose of cleansing the accessiblesurfaces of the teeth.
These contain abrasives such as Calcium carbonate, calciumphosphate, calcium sulfate, insoluble sodium metaphosphate,hydrated Al2 O3 , MgCO3 and phosphates, NaHCO3 and NaCl
Dentifrices contain non-carbohydrates sweetening agents but a fewcontain sugar.
Toothpaste contain liquids such as glycerin, propylene glycol, sorbitol solution,
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 56/67
Toothpaste contain liquids such as glycerin, propylene glycol, sorbitol solution,water and thickeners such as starch, tragacanth, alginate and cellulose derivatives.
Block form consist the following:
1. Polishing agents - calcium carbonate, dibasic calcium phosphate
dihydrate or anhydrous, tricalcium phosphate, calciumpyrophosphate, insoluble sodium metaphosphate and hydratedalumina
2. Massed with 20% to 30% of hard soap and sufficient glycerol andflavoring oils to retain an attractive appearance and flavor
3. Tooth powders contain an abrasive, a surface active detergent e.g. sodium
lauryl sulfate
4. Flavoring oils - spearmint, peppermint, wintergreen, and cinnamon mint
5. Sweetening agents - saccharin
6. Water 7. Humectant - glycerol, sorbitol, propylene glycol
8. Binder - gums, karaya and tragacanth, seaweed colloids: sodium alginateand Irish moss extract, and synthetic derivatives of cellulose:methylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose
9. Preservatives - dichlorophene, benzoates, and esters
10. Fluoride compounds - stannous and sodium fluoride
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 57/67
Example Formula Of Dentifrices
CMC 120 H 0.9 g
Glycerin 1.0 g
Propylene Glycol 18.0 g
Purified water 13.5 g
Methyl paraben 0.1 gSaccharin sodium solution 50% 0.1 g
Peppermint oil 0.3 g
Mineral oil 1.0 g
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 2.5 g
Dicalcium Phosphate in very fine powder 54.0 g
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 58/67
DOUCHE POWDERS
Are products which arecompletely soluble and areintended to be dissolved inwater prior to use as antisepticor cleansing agent for a bodycavity
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 59/67
How to use: simplyadd the prescribed amountor powder to theappropriate volume of warm
water and stirs untildissolved
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 60/67
Components:
1. Boric acid or Borax2. Astringents as K alum, ammonium alum,ZnSO4
3. Antimicrobial as oxyquinoline sulfate or povidone iodine
4. Quaternary ammonium compounds as
benzethonium chloride5. Detergents as sodium lauryl sulfate6. Oxidizing agents as sodium perborate7. Salts, as sodium citrate, sodium chloride8. Aromatic as menthol, thymol, eucalyptol, methyl
salicylate, and phenol
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 61/67
Packaging: may be ina wide mouth glass jars to protect from
volatile constituentsand by bulk powder boxes
DUSTING POWDERS
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 62/67
DUSTING POWDERS
Are non-toxic preparations for local application
and therefore no systemic effect.Dispensing: should be dispensed in a very fine
state of subdivision to enhance effectivenessand minimized irritation
Packaging: available in sifter-type containers orpressure aerosols, the latter moreexpensive but protects content from air,moisture and contamination
Uses: lubricants, absorbents, antiseptics,antipruritics, astringents, and antiperspirant
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 63/67
TRITURATIONS
Are dilution of potent powdered drugs prepared byintimately mixing them with a suitable diluents in a definite proportionby weight. They were at one time official as 1-10 dilutions.
Preparation: in making trituration, geometric dilution is used to assurethorough mixing. The active ingredient is placed in a clean
smooth, dry mortar. An equal bulk (by estimation) of the weight
diluents is added. It is mixed quickly and twice as much diluents, notequal to the amount in the mortar is added and mixed.
Examples: Strychnine sulfate, arsenic, mercury bichloride, atropine inconvenient concentration using lactose as the diluents for use at the
Rx counter.
INSUFFLATIONS
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 64/67
INSUFFLATIONSAre finely divided powders introduced into
the body cavities such as the ears, nose, throat,
tooth sockets and vagina.
Administration: Insufflator (powder blower) isusually used, pressure aerosols are being employedespecially for potent drugs.
Examples: 1. Norisodrine Sulfate AerohalerCartridge (Abbott) - specializedequipment or inhalation
2. Cromolyn Sodium Powder - relieve
bronchial asthma
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 65/67
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 66/67
TEA
Also known as“species” are made fromcoarsely powdered driedherbs and are intended for use in making medicinal teasand poultices.
8/2/2019 C-6 POWDERS
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-6-powders 67/67
END