C-1 Xinlay™ (atrasentan) Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee September 13, 2005.
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Transcript of C-1 Xinlay™ (atrasentan) Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee September 13, 2005.
C-1
Xinlay™ (atrasentan)
Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee
September 13, 2005
C-2
Atrasentan
A potent selective ETA receptor antagonist
Orally bioavailable
Once-daily dosing Half-life (t½) = 25 hours
O
O
OMeCO2H
Bu2N
N · HCl
O
C-3
Prostate Cancer Second Most Common Cancer in Men in the United States
>230,000 new cases of prostate cancer in 2005– 30,000 men will die of prostate cancer– Most have advanced metastatic HRPC– 85% have osteoblastic bone metastases– 90% require opiates in the last month of life
Limited treatment options currently approved– Docetaxel is the standard of care for metastatic
HRPC– Not all patients receive or are eligible
C-4
Proposed Indication
Xinlay™ (atrasentan) is indicated for the treatment of men with hormone refractory prostate cancer with metastases to bone
O
O
OMeCO2H
Bu2N
N · HCl
O
C-5
Atrasentan Development Program Initiated 1996
Other PCa(Ongoing)
Phase 1 Investigator-sponsored IND studies
Phase 1/2Unique
populations
M+ HRPC(N = 1228)
Phase 2/3 Double-blind,
placebo-controlled(N = 2484)
Atrasentan Clinical Trials
TTP EndpointM96-594 (N = 288)M00-211 (N = 809)
Non-TTPM96-500(N = 131)
C-6
Statistical Considerations
Studies M96-594 and M00-211 did not meet their primary endpoint – Study M00-211 IDMC recommended study stop for futility
Analysis of patients with bone metastases not protocol-specified
C-7
Analyses of Patients With Bone Metastases
Consistent benefit in patients with bone metastases– Delays disease progression, attenuates biomarkers, and slows
deterioration in quality of life – Across multiple measures in 2 studies
Strong scientific rationale based on emerging data – Role of the ET axis in PCa-osteoblast interaction
Study M00-211 is a large, placebo-controlled study – 690 of 809 (85%) patients have bone metastases
Large unmet need– 85% of patients with metastatic HRPC have bone metastases
C-8
Agenda
Unmet Need andMechanistic Rationale
Joel B. Nelson, MDChairman of UrologyUniversity of Pittsburgh
Efficacy Darryl J. Sleep, MD, FCSOncology Global Project HeadAbbott Laboratories
Safety Gary Gordon, MDOncology Vice PresidentAbbott Laboratories
Place in Therapy Michael A. Carducci, MDAssociate Professor in Oncology and Urology Johns Hopkins University
C-9
Consultants David Cella, PhD; Professor of Psychology and Behavioral
Science, Northwestern University
David Dearnaley, MD, FRCP, FRCR; Professor of UroOncology and Head of Urology, Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research, London UK
Scott Emerson, MD, PhD; Professor of Biostatistics, University of Washington
Roberto M. Lang, MD; Professor of Medicine/Cardiologist, University of Chicago Hospitals
Daniel P. Petrylak, MD; Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Columbia University
C-10
Unmet Need and Mechanistic Rationale
Joel B. Nelson, MD
Chairman of UrologyUniversity of Pittsburgh
C-11
Treated with chemotherapyb (47%)
Not treated with chemotherapyb (53%)--------------------------------
• Side effects/toxicity• No perceived benefit• Quality of life
a 5-year prevalence: SEER 2005, NODB 2005b Source: Oncology, Inc. Onco Track MAT June 2005
617,000a
LocalizedPCa
232,090 New cases
in 2005
383,000a
AdvancedPCa
30,000Deathsin 2005
Incidence and Prevalence of Prostate Cancer
48,000a
Hormonerefractory
C-12
Metastatic HRPC Is Predominantly a Disease in Bone
Bone is a common metastatic site– Occurs in over 85% of men – Classically osteoblastic
Intractable bone pain
– Affects over 75% of patients
– Leads to major declines in QOL
– Main reason for hospitalization
– 90% require opiates in month before death
Skeletal-related events
– Pathological fractures
– Spinal cord compression
C-13
Treatment Remains Palliative
Reduction in SRE– Zoledronic acid
38% ZA vs 49% placebo
Palliation of morbidity– Opiate analgesics– Focal radiation therapy– Radiopharmaceuticals– Mitoxantrone and prednisone
C-14
Characteristics of Current Therapies Intravenous
Toxicity
Inevitable failure
Clear need for more treatment options
Mitoxantrone Docetaxel
Adverse Event Any Grade % Any Grade %
CHF 2
MI/Ischemia 5
Decreased LVEF 5 – 22 9.6
Dyspnea 8.7 – 15 15
Gastrointestinal 26 – 61 17 – 41
Neutropenia 32 – 79 41
C-15
Endothelins Act Via 2 Receptors
ET-1
ETB
VasoconstrictionMitogenesisAntiapoptosisOsteoblastic responsePain
Nelson et al. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003;3:110.
ET-2 ET-3
ETA
C-16
Rationale for Targeting ET Axis in Prostate Cancer
ET-1 is expressed in all stages of the disease
ET-1 clearance is decreased in HRPC
Osteoblasts express ETA at high density
– 105 106 receptors per cell
ET-1/ETA activation induces an osteoblastic response
Interruption of ET axis by atrasentan inhibits bone formation in preclinical models
C-17
Prostate Cancer – Bone InteractionA Vicious Cycle
Osteoblastic factors (ET-1)
Bone-derivedgrowthfactors
New bone
Prostate cancer cells
OsteoclastsMineralized bone matrix
Osteoblasts
Osteolyticfactors
ETA
C-18
Atrasentan Inhibits Osteoblastic Metastases in a Mouse Model
Yin et al. PNAS. 2003;100:10954-10959.
Control
New Bone
Cancer
Vehicle Atrasentan
Vehicle 2 mg/kg 20 mg/kg0
1
2
3
4
* *
Tumor area mm2/bone
*P < .05; **P < .01
mm2/boneNew bone area
Vehicle 2 mg/kg 20 mg/kg
**
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
**
Control
Atrasentan 2 mg/kgAtrasentan 20 mg/kg
C-19
Atrasentan Blocks Prostate Cancer-Induced Osteoblastic Response in Bone
Mohammad K, et al. Skeletal Complications of Malignancy NIH 2005.
Vehicle Atrasentan
Zoledronic acid Atrasentan + zoledronic acid
0
1.0×107
2.0×107
3.0×107
4.0×107
5.0×107
6.0×107
7.0×107
Histomorphometric analysis of intra-tibial LuCaP 23.1 tumor area
Vehicle
Atrasentan
Zoledronic acid
Atrasentan + zoledronic acid
m2
**
*P < .01
C-20
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
ET Axis and Atrasentan Clinical Development Growing Focus on Bone Microenvironment
Phase 1 Atrasentan
studies begin
M00-211First dose
M96-594 First dose
Role of ET-1 in PCa• ? HRPC growth• ? Inhibits apoptosis• ? Osteoblastic• ? Pain
Atrasentan inhibits ET-1induced
bone formation in osteoblastic tumor model
ET-1/ETA axis causal in osteoblastic
bone metastases
M00-211 Last dose
Convergence ofclinical and
basic science
June 1996 Feb 1998 June 2001 Mar 2003
C-21
Xinlay™ (atrasentan)
Efficacy
Darryl J. Sleep, MD, FCS
Oncology Global Project HeadAbbott Laboratories
C-22
Atrasentan Randomized Controlled TrialsMetastatic Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer
Atrasentan 10 mg
Placebo
Atrasentan 2.5 mgM96-594
Randomization Disease progressionor study close
Open-label atrasentanextension
Screening
M00-211
Atrasentan 10 mg
Placebo
C-23
Dose-Ranging Study M96-594
288 patients with asymptomatic metastatic HRPC
Primary endpoint: time to disease progression– Clinical
– Radiographic
Open-label atrasentan extension
Atrasentan 10 mg (n = 89)
Placebo (n = 104)
Atrasentan 2.5 mg (n = 95)Screening
Randomization Disease progressionor study close
C-24
Time to Disease Progression Study M96-594 – ITT
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0 90 180 270 360
Time from randomization (days)
Pro
bab
ilit
y o
f n
ot
pro
gre
ssin
g
Atrasentan 10 mg (n = 89)
Atrasentan 2.5 mg (n = 95)
Placebo (n = 104)
10 mg vs placeboP = .132HR = 0.769 (95% CI = 0.545, 1.085)
C-25
Change From Baseline to Final BAP and PSAStudy M96-594 – ITT
0
40
80
120
160
Final
Med
ian
ch
ang
e fr
om
bas
elin
e, n
g/m
L PlaceboAtrasentan 2.5 mg
Atrasentan 10 mg
0
10
20
30
40
50
Final
Me
an
ch
an
ge
fro
m b
as
elin
e, n
g/m
L +
SE Placebo
Atrasentan 2.5 mgAtrasentan 10 mg
BAP
**P < .01 compared with placebo
**
PSA
Time from randomization (week)
C-26
Study M00-211
809 patients with metastatic HRPC Major entry criteria
– Confirmed radiographic evidence of metastases Independent radiologic review of all baseline scans
– Confirmed medically or surgically castrate for ≥ 3 months
– Rising PSA or PSA ≥ 20 ng/mL
– No PCa-related pain requiring opiates
– Chemotherapy-naïve
– No prior or ongoing bisphosphonate therapy
Randomization Disease progressionor study close
Atrasentan 10 mg (n = 408)
Placebo (n = 401)
Open-label atrasentan extension
Screening
C-27
Baseline Characteristics BalancedStudy M00-211 – ITT
Median (range)
Placebo n = 401
Atrasentan 10 mg n = 408
Age, y 72 (45 – 92)
73 (45 – 93)
Weight, kg 83 (47 – 154)
81(54 – 177)
Hgb, g/dL 13 (9 – 18)
13 (9 – 17)
PSA, ng/mL 80(2 – 5425)
70(2 – 5784)
BAP, ng/mL 25(2 – 1599)
26 (2 – 1904)
Total ALP, IU/L 112 (41 – 3774)
110 (36 – 5482)
LDH, IU/L 188 (108 – 2365)
186 (97 – 1318)
Karnofsky score ≥ 90, % 87 88
C-28Primary Endpoint Time to Disease ProgressionStudy M00-211
Time to first Radiographic event
– Progression by 2 new lesions on bone scan
– Progression of extraskeletal metastases by modified RECIST criteria
Clinical event– Prostate cancer-related pain treated with
Any IV/IM/SQ opiates
Oral opiates or glucocorticoids for 10 of 14 consecutive days
Chemotherapy, radiotherapy
– Skeletal-related event
Spinal cord compression
Pathological fracture
– PCa progression event requiring intervention
C-29
Endpoint Assessment and Confirmation
Scans scheduled every 12 weeks
– Bone scans for all patients
– CT or MRI for patients with baseline extraskeletal metastases
– Unscheduled scans as clinically indicated
All scans independently assessed
All endpoints independently confirmed
C-30
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0 90 180 270 360Time from randomization (days)
Pro
bab
ilit
y o
f n
ot
pro
gre
ssin
g
Atrasentan 10 mg (n = 408)
Placebo (n = 401)
Time to Disease ProgressionStudy M00-211 – ITT
P (G1,1) = .136
HR = 0.885 (95% CI = 0.755 – 1.037)
Scheduled radiographic scans
C-31
Survival Study M00-211 – ITT
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0 180 360 540 720 900 1080 1260 1440Time from randomization (days)
Pro
ba
bili
ty o
f s
urv
iva
l
Atrasentan 10 mg
Placebo
P (G1,1) = .313
HR = 0.935 (95% CI = 0.796 – 1.100)
C-32
Metastatic Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer Is a Disease of Bone
85% of patients with M+ HRPC have bone metastases
– Morbidity in HRPC is driven by bone metastases
Intractable pain
Skeletal events
Role of ET axis in osteoblastic bone metastases
– Tumor-ET-1/osteoblast-ETA interaction in bone
– ETA antagonism impacts bone metastases
85% of patients in M00-211 had bone metastases
– 690/809 randomized
– Baseline characteristics balanced between groups
C-33
Time to Disease Progression Study M00-211 – Patients With Bone Metastases
P = .016
HR = 0.813 (95% CI = 0.685 – 0.965)
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0 90 180 270 360
Time from randomization (days)
Pro
ba
bil
ity
of
no
t p
rog
ress
ing
Atrasentan 10 mg (n = 355)
Placebo (n = 335)
C-34
Other Protocol-Specified Efficacy AnalysesStudy M00-211
Mean change in bone alkaline phosphatase
Mean change in PSA
Quality of life
C-35
Mean Change in Bone Alkaline Phosphatase Study M00-211
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
4 8 12 Final
Atrasentan 10 mg
Placebo
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
4 8 12 Final
Mea
n c
han
ge
fro
m b
asel
ine,
ng
/mL
Atrasentan 10 mg
Placebo
ITT Bone Metastases
***
** ***
***
**P < .01; ***P < .001
***
** **
***
Time from randomization (week)
Number of patientsAtrasentan
Placebo346369
334335
309308
364374
304308
292278
270253
320312
C-36
Mean Change in PSA Study M00-211
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
4 8 12 Final
Me
an
ch
an
ge
fro
m b
as
eli
ne
, n
g/m
L
Atrasentan 10 mg
Placebo
ITT Bone Metastases
**
**
*
*
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
4 8 12 Final
Atrasentan 10 mg
Placebo
**
***
*
*
Time from randomization (week)
*P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001
369383
351351
324319
384387
326322
308295
285265
338325
Number of patientsAtrasentan
Placebo
C-37Atrasentan Has a Consistent Benefit in Quality of Life Compared to Placebo Study M00-211
Mean treatment difference in change from baseline to final assessment
(standardized 95% CI)
FACT-P
FACT-G
EORTC Global
PCS
Favors atrasentan
-5 -3 -1 0 1
ITTFavors atrasentan
-5 -3 -1 0 1
Bone Metastases
C-38
Mean Change in Prostate Cancer SubscoreStudy M00-211
-4
-2
0
2
4 8 12 Final
Me
an
ch
an
ge
fro
m b
as
elin
e
Atrasentan 10 mg
Placebo
ITT Bone Metastases
-4
-2
0
2
4 8 12 Final
Atrasentan 10 mg
Placebo
*
Time from randomization (week)
*P < .05; **P < .01
345360
305302
365369
304301
267250
322308
*
**
Number of patientsAtrasentan
Placebo
*
C-39
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0 90 180 270 360Time from randomization (days)
Pro
bab
ilit
y o
f n
ot
wo
rsen
ing
by
50%
Atrasentan 10 mg
Placebo
Time to 50% Worsening in PCS Pain ScoreStudy M00-211 – Patients With Bone Metastases
P = .003
HR = 0.644 (95% CI = 0.478 – 0.868)
C-40
Clinical Benefit of Atrasentan Consistent Benefit for Patients With Bone Metastases
0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.2
Favors atrasentan
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
M00-211Time to disease progression
C-41
Clinical Benefit of Atrasentan Consistent Benefit for Patients With Bone MetastasesAcross Multiple Measures and Studies
0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.2
Favors atrasentan
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
M00-211Time to disease progression
Radiographic
Clinical
C-42
Clinical Benefit of Atrasentan Consistent Benefit for Patients With Bone MetastasesAcross Multiple Measures and Studies
0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.2
Favors atrasentan
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
M00-211Time to disease progression
BAP progression
PSA progression
Radiographic
Clinical
C-43
Clinical Benefit of Atrasentan Consistent Benefit for Patients With Bone MetastasesAcross Multiple Measures and Studies
0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.2
Favors atrasentan
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
M00-211Time to disease progression
BAP progression
PSA progression
50% decline in FACT-P pain score (>56 days)
Opioid initiation (85 days)
Adverse event of bone pain (40 days)
Radiographic
Clinical
C-44
Clinical Benefit of Atrasentan Consistent Benefit for Patients With Bone MetastasesAcross Multiple Measures and Studies
0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.2
Favors atrasentan
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
M00-211M96-594
Time to disease progression
BAP progression
PSA progression
50% decline in FACT-P pain score (>56 days)
Opioid initiation (85 days)
Adverse event of bone pain (40 days)
Radiographic
Clinical
1.4 1.61.2
C-45
Xinlay™ (atrasentan)
Safety
C
Gary Gordon, MD
Oncology Vice PresidentAbbott Laboratories
C-46
Atrasentan Safety Experience
35 Abbott-sponsored studies – 1696 individuals received atrasentan (0.2 – 139.5 mg)– Healthy volunteers – Special populations– Prostate cancer patients
1159 prostate cancer patients received atrasentan– 676 in phase 2/3 placebo-controlled studies– Mean long-term exposure greater than 270 days– 584 treated for longer than 6 months– 294 treated for longer than 1 year
C-47
Atrasentan Is a Vasoactive Compound
Atrasentan is a targeted and potent ETA antagonist– Vasodilation– Fluid retention
Most adverse events were– Mild– Resolved
C-48
Overview of Adverse EventsPhase 2/3 Placebo-Controlled Studies(Studies M96-500, M96-594, M00-211)
Patients n (%)
Placebon = 544
Atrasentan 2.5 mgn = 136
Atrasentan 10 mgn = 541
Total adverse events 523 (96) 130 (96) 528 (98)
Grade 3/4 (severe) adverse events
218 (40) 55 (40) 221 (41)
Serious adverse events
152 (28) 48 (35) 173 (32)
Discontinuation due to adverse events
76 (14) 13 (10) 93 (17)
Death due to adverse events
28 (5) 9 (7) 31 (6)
C-49
*P < .05
Statistically Significant Adverse Events ≥ 10%Phase 2/3 Placebo-Controlled Studies
Patients, n (%)
Any Grade 3/4
Adverse EventPlacebon = 544
Atrasentan10 mgn = 541
Placebon = 544
Atrasentan 10 mgn = 541
Bone pain 277 (51)* 239 (44) 75 (14)* 49 (9)
Peripheral edema 76 (14) 208 (38)* 8 (1) 7 (1)
Rhinitis 73 (13) 185 (34)* 0 0
Headache 74 (14) 117 (22)* 2 (0.4) 4 (0.7)
Anemia 51 (9) 77 (14)* 19 (3) 22 (4)
Infection 39 (7) 61 (11)* 0 3 (0.6)
Dyspnea 21 (4) 56 (10)* 3 (0.6) 7 (1)
C-50
Cardiovascular Events
Arrhythmia
Heart failure– Adjudicator
John Teerlink, MD; Associate Professor of Medicine, University of California – San Francisco; Director, Heart Failure Clinic, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco; Member of FDA Cardiovascular and Renal Drugs Advisory Committee
Myocardial infarction– Adjudicators
John Teerlink, MD Michael Parmacek, MD; Chief, Division of Cardiovascular
Medicine, Herbert C. Rorer Professor of Medical Sciences; University of Pennsylvania Medical Center
C-51
Arrhythmias
No arrhythmia seen in pre-clinical models
Few grade 3/4 events
No deaths resulting from arrhythmia
C-52
Arrhythmias Phase 2/3 Placebo-Controlled Studies
*P < .05
Patients, n (%)
Any Grade 3/4 (Severe)
Adverse eventPlacebon=544
Atrasentan10 mgn=541
Placebon=544
Atrasentan 10 mgn=541
Total Unique Patients 11 (2.0) 29 (5.4)* 3 (0.6) 4 (0.7)
Tachycardia 1 (0.2) 9 (1.7)* 0 0
Palpitation 2 (0.4) 6 (1.1) 0 0
Arrhythmia 2 (0.4) 3 (0.6) 1 (0.2) 0
Bradycardia 0 1 (0.2) 0 1 (0.2)
Extrasystoles 0 1 (0.2) 0 0
Ventricular extrasystoles 3 (0.6) 1 (0.2) 0 0
Ventricular tachycardia 0 0 0 0
Ventricular fibrillation 0 0 0 0
Atrial fibrillation 3 (0.6) 9 (1.7) 2 (0.4) 4 (0.7)
Atrial flutter 0 3 (0.6) 0 0
Supraventricular tachycardia 0 1 (0.2) 0 1 (0.2)
Supraventricular extrasystoles 0 1 (0.2) 0 0
C-53
Heart Failurea
Phase 2/3 Placebo-Controlled Studies
Patients, n (%)
Placebon = 544
Atrasentan2.5 mgn = 136
Atrasentan10 mgn = 541
All events 5 (1) 5 (4) 23 (4)*
Grade 3/4 events 3 (1) 2 (1) 16 (3)*
Discontinuations 2 (0.4) 3 (2) 10 (2)*
Resulted in death 1 (0.2) 0 7 (1)*
a Includes heart failure, left heart failure, congestive heart failure, lung edema, and cardiogenic shock.* P < .05; statistical significance tested between placebo and 10 mg atrasentan.
Review of serious fluid-related events did not identify additional cases
C-54
Outcome of Heart FailurePhase 2/3 Placebo-Controlled Studies
18 resolved– 10 continued or interrupted atrasentan therapy– 8 discontinued atrasentan therapy
3 not resolved as of last follow-up
7 deaths attributed to heart failure by investigator– 4 adjudicated as cardiovascular events
2 had antecedent myocardial infarction– Abruptly discontinued -blockers
– 3 adjudicated as prostate cancer Minimal evidence of heart failure at death
C-55
Myocardial InfarctionPhase 2/3 Placebo-Controlled Studies
Patients, n (%)
Placebon = 544
Atrasentan2.5 mgn = 136
Atrasentan10 mgn = 541
All events 2 (0.4) 0 9 (1.7)
Grade 3/4 events 2 (0.4) - 7 (1.3)
Discontinuations 2 (0.4) - 4 (0.7)
Resulted in death 1 (0.2) - 2 (0.4)
C-56Potential Preceding Events for Adjudicated Myocardial InfarctionPhase 2/3 Placebo-Controlled Studies (n = 10)
8/10 patients had history of underlying ischemic heart
disease
7/10 patients had one or more preceding events– Worsening angina (n = 4)
-blocker discontinuation (n = 2)
– Hemoglobin <10 g/dL (n = 4)
C-57
Summary of Cardiovascular Events
Arrhythmia– Few grade 3/4 events– No deaths
Heart failure/myocardial infarction– Adjudicated– Not under-reported– Most are manageable– Identifiable risk factors
C-58
Cardiovascular Safety Recommendations
As with other vasoactive compounds in the elderly– Consider cardiovascular risk factors
prior to therapy– Physician monitoring of patients with
cardiovascular risk factors and history– Treatment of volume overload and heart failure
C-59
Safety SummaryAtrasentan Is Generally Well-Tolerated
Extensive safety experience
Overall safety profile similar to placebo for grade 3/4 events, discontinuations, and deaths
Serious cardiovascular events are infrequent and with monitoring can be managed
No drug interactions warranting dose adjustment
No significant hepatic, renal, or marrow toxicities
C-60
Xinlay™ (atrasentan) Place in Therapy
Michael A. Carducci, MD
Co-Leader, Prostate Cancer ProgramDirector, Translational Drug DevelopmentKimmel Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins
C-61
Clinical Course of a Patient With HRPC and Bone Metastases Is Predictable
Most succumb to disease
Most experience symptoms of metastases
For those without symptoms, delaying the development of symptoms is an important goal of treatment
More options and choices are needed
Death fromother causes
Death from disease
Bonemetastases:
Hormone-refractoryAsymptomatic
Time
Bonemetastases:
Hormone-refractorySymptomatic
C-62
What Are the Options and What CanThey Achieve?
Symptoms present– Analgesics– Radiation therapy– Bisphosphonates– Radiopharmaceuticals– Chemotherapy
Mitoxantrone and prednisone Docetaxel-based chemotherapy
C-63
What Are the Options and What CanThey Achieve?
No symptoms– Secondary hormones
Simple Non-toxic
– Taxotere-based chemotherapy IV Survival benefit Timing is controversial Nearly all patients progress;
median TTP 6 months
Additional options are needed
C-64Consider a 68-Year-Old Male With Hormone Refractory Disease, Progressive Bone Metastases, and No Symptoms
6 Months One Year0 Months
C-65
His Future Illustrates the Clinical Dilemma
Further progression of disease
Pain that will require opiates is inevitable
At risk for– Significant morbidity from bone metastases –
pain and spinal cord compression– the medications needed to control the morbidity – Resulting in loss of mobility, fatigue, constipation,
weight loss, and an overall deterioration
C-66
The Clinical Dilemma
His goal
– Maintain quality of life for as long as possible
His question
– Are there additional options before or instead of chemotherapy?
– Are there more convenient treatment options?
– Are there any options that will delay progression?
C-67
Atrasentan Blocks the Osteoblastic Response in Bone
4
Atrasentan
Osteoblastic factors (ET-1)
Bone-derivedgrowthfactors
New bone
Prostate cancer cells
OsteoclastsMineralized bone matrix
Osteoblasts
Osteolyticfactors
ETA
C-68
Clinical Benefit of Atrasentan Consistent Benefit for Patients With Bone MetastasesAcross Multiple Measures and Studies
0.4 0.6 0.8 1.00.2
Favors atrasentan
Hazard ratio (95% CI)
M00-211M96-594
Time to disease progression
BAP progression
PSA progression
50% decline in FACT-P pain score (>56 days)
Opioid initiation (85 days)
Adverse event of bone pain (40 days)
Radiographic
Clinical
1.4 1.61.2
C-69
Xinlay™ (atrasentan)
A novel targeted treatment for HRPC
Compelling scientific rationale
Extensively evaluated in randomized trials
Convenient once-daily oral therapy
Acceptable benefit-risk profile