Byzantine Empire & The Crusades

Where are We?

Reign of Justinian Ruled the Byzantine Empire

Wanted to reunite the Roman Empire

Justinian’s Code – he re-wrote the Roman laws passed by Roman assemblies or decreed by Roman emperors and judges

He had power over the Church Constantinople falls to the

Turks, it is renamed Istanbul, and became the capital of the Ottoman Empire and a center of Muslim culture

Hagia Sophia, a Roman church rebuilt by Justinian

Christianity DiffersEast - ByzantineHighest Church

officials, patriarchs, appointed by the Emperor

Byzantine clergy were allowed to marry

Language = GreekEaster was more

important

Western EuropeClergy appointed

by ChurchClergy gave up

marriage & luxuries

Language = LatinEmphasized

celebration of Christmas

Schism The Byzantine emperor put a

ban on using icons (holy images) of Jesus and the Virgin Mary in worship.

The Pope in the West condemned the Byzantine Patriarch, the Pope & Patriarch excommunicated each other, leading to a schism (split) in Christianity. Greek Orthodox Church in the

East and Roman Catholic Church in the West

Pope Benedict presents a book at the Greek

Orthodox Patriarchate, 15 May 2009

Crusades Byzantine Emperor calls on the Pope for

help defending Muslims from the Holy Lands (Jerusalem). Pope Urban II encourages Christians &

knights to fight in a holy war

First Crusade:

Holy city is seized by Christians

after a massacre

Second Crusade: Holy City

falls to Muslim

forces led by Saladin

Third Crusade:

Negotiation- pilgrims

allowed to access

Jerusalem

The Crusades’ effect on Spain Christians pushed Muslims and Jews out of

Spain, and Queen Isabella ended the religious tolerance that had been practiced under Muslim rule.

The Church set up the inquisition, a court that tried people accused of heresy. Jews & Muslims guilty of practicing their religions would be punished by government officials. If anyone tried to avoid practicing Christianity,

they would be burned at the stake. 150,000 Muslims & Jews left Spain