By Thomas Confrey. Happening since the Neolithic Revolution Three Common Methods ◦ Selective...
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Transcript of By Thomas Confrey. Happening since the Neolithic Revolution Three Common Methods ◦ Selective...
Genetically Modified Foods
ByThomas Confrey
World Hunger on the Rise
Happening since the Neolithic Revolution
Three Common Methods◦ Selective Breeding◦ Combing/Hybridizing Species◦ Exploiting Natural Mutations
History of Genetic Modification
Modern genetic modification involves tranfer of DNA
Cisgenesis – genes transferred from similar species
Trangensis- genes transferred from dissimilar species
New Techniques using DNA
Food allergies are a problem for many Americans. (e.g. Soy, peanuts, seafood, etc)
New genetically modified species means infinitely more proteins
Usually, allergies are only discovered after an individual has a violent reaction.
Predicting allergies is nearly impossible
Risks from GMF
GM Plants designed to keep bugs/animals away
GM Plants take up more chemicals including heavy metals
Risks Cont’d: Toxic Crops
Chemical companies often design new pesticides and herbicides, as well as, genetically modified plants, which are “immune” to them.
New pesticides or herbicides can seep into surface and ground water
Environmental Issues
Attitudes towards GMF
Necessary◦World hunger is out of control
Unnatural ◦Stems from moral/ethical dilemma
•An Option•Opinion of the US government
•Dangerous•Risks outweigh any benefits
Slippery Banana?
Currently Genetically Modified foods do not need special labels
FDA
FDA Approved GMO Foods
Genetically Modified Foods are not going away
Could be used to eliminate artificial dyes, preservatives and steroids
Still need more research and long-term testing/risk assessment
Fertilizer is a major problem
Conclusion
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www.theglobaleducationproject.org/earth/images/components/biotech-patent-chart-copy...
FDA Issues Final Guidance on Regulation of Genetically Engineered Animals. (2009, January 25). Retrieved November 11, 2009, from FDA: www.fda.gov/consumer/updates/ge_animals011509.html
Fewer, L. J. (2004). Societal aspects of genetically modified foods. Food and Chemical Toxicology , 1181-1193.
Genetically Modified (GM) Plants. (2005, September 21). Retrieved November 23, 2009, from The Naked Scientists:
http:www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/articles/article/marktester... Genetically Modified Crops. (2008, October 29). Retrieved November 23, 2009,
from VOA News: http://www.voanews.com/uspolicy/2008-10-30voa1.cfm?renderforpr...
GENETICALLYMODIFIED FOODS Experts View Regimen of Safety Tests as Adequate, but FDA's Evaluation Process Could Be Enhanced. (2002) Retrieved November 20, 2009, from GAO: http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d02566.pdf
Harvest of Fear. (2009). Retrieved November 2, 2009, from PBS: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/harvest/exist/arguments.html
References
How to feed the world. (2009, November 19). Retrieved November 23, 2009, from Economist: http://www.economist.com/opinion/PrinterFriendly.cfm?story_id=149...
LaFranchi, H. (2009, November 15). On eve of UN food summit: 20 best ways to feed the hungry. Retrieved November 25, 2009, from The Christian Science Monitor:http://www.csmonitor.com/2009/1115/p02s01-usfp.htm?print=true
Morales, A. (2009, January 29). 'GM Crops' Part of Food Crisis Solution, U.K. Says. Retrieved 11 21, 2009, from Bloomberg: http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20670001&sid=aYDn4...
News & Events Genetically Engineered Foods. (1999, October 19). Retrieved 11 19, 2009, from FDA: http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Testimony/ucm115032.htm
Prescott, V. E. (2006). Genetically modified plants and food hypersensitivity diseases: Usage and implications of experimental models for risk
assessment. Pharmacology & Therapeutics , 374-383. Risks of Genetic Engineering. (n.d.). Retrieved November 21, 2009, from
Union of Concerned Scientists: http://www.ucsusa.org/food_and_agriculture/science_and_impacts/imp...
References Cont’d
Roundup Ready Soybeans. (n.d.). Retrieved November 11, 2009, from Union of Concerned Scientists: http://www.ucsusa.org/food_and_agriculture/science_and_impacts/imp..
Saher Marieke, M. L.-K. (2006). Attitudes towards genetically modified and organic foods. Appetite , 324-331.
Salzano, G. a. (2009, October 16). World's Hungry Pass 1 Billion as Wealth Increases: Chart of the Day. Retrieved November 23,
2009, from Bloomberg: http://www.bllomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20670001&sid=a_2tiW..
Schouten, Henk J, Frans A Krens, and Evert Jacobsen. Cisgenic plants are similar to traditionally bred plants: International regulations for genetically modified organisms should be altered to exempt cisgenesis, European Molecular Biology Organization. 2006 August; 7(8): 750–753
World goes for GM crops to tackle food crisis. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2009, from Commodity Online: http://www.commodityonline.com/printnews.php?news_id=13405
References Cont’d