By the End of 1916… Stalemate on all fronts Low morale French troops mutiny Russia on the...

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Ending the War HWH UNIT 9 CHAPTER 14.3 and 14.4

Transcript of By the End of 1916… Stalemate on all fronts Low morale French troops mutiny Russia on the...

Page 1: By the End of 1916…  Stalemate on all fronts  Low morale  French troops mutiny  Russia on the verge of collapse  Economic hardships on the homefront.

Ending the WarHWH UNIT 9

CHAPTER 14.3 and 14.4

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By the End of 1916…

Stalemate on all fronts

Low morale French troops mutiny Russia on the verge of collapse Economic hardships on the homefront

Millions already dead

AT THIS POINT, WHAT IS THE BEST WAY TO END THE WAR AND ENSURE A LASTING PEACE?

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Blockade and Economic Warfare

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The US Joins the War

Post-War plans Furthered colonial and imperial interests

Allies agreed to divide Ottoman Empire and Germany’s colonies

Germany had plans of colonial expansion The Zimmerman Telegram

US Declares War (April, 1917)

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WAR ON THE HOMEFRONT

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Propaganda

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The Role of Women

French Munitions Workers

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More French Munitions

Workers

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The Red Cross

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Filling the Roles of the Men

Nearly half of the labor force became female

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Female Russian Soldier

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The Russian Revolution (1917) and the Treaty of

Brest-Litovsk (1918)

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The Final German Offensive

Spring, 1918

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Hindenburg and Ludendorff

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US Troops Arrive…

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The Collapse of the Central Powers

Germany Civilian government vs. military

Austria-Hungary Ethnic minorities

November 11, 1918

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The Paris Peace Talks, 1919

The “Big Four”

Lloyd George, Orlando, Clemenceau, and Wilson

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Wilson’s Fourteen Points vs. Revanche

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Differing Agendas

Britain: a nation “fit for heroes,” maintain empires

France: Punish Germany

Italy: Land on the Adriatic

US: Lasting peace, collective security

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The Treaty of Versailles

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Stipulations of the Treaty

1. Germany military reduced

2. Rhineland permanently demilitarized Occupied for 15 years

3. Saar region controlled by League of Nations for 15 years

4. Reparations $30 Billion

5. Germany forfeits all colonies

6. Article 231: The War Guilt Clause

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Implications of the Treaty

1. Self Determination for some…• Colonies were redistributed

2. Germany humiliated• Diktat• The “Stab in the Back”

3. No foundation for lasting peace

4. New Map

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Global Implications The Middle East

Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916) Divided the Middle East between France and

Britain New nations were arbitrarily created (Iraq, Syria,

Lebanon, Jordan)

The Balfour Declaration (1917) Britain promised the created of a Jewish

state in Palestine NO SELF-DETERMINATION FOR ARABS

Africa Colonies and Mandates

NO SELF-DETERMINATION FOR AFRICANS

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Humanitarian Implications

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