By: Susan M. Pojer and Lynne Pierce By: Susan M. Pojer and Lynne Pierce.
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Transcript of By: Susan M. Pojer and Lynne Pierce By: Susan M. Pojer and Lynne Pierce.
By: Susan M. Pojer and
Lynne Pierce
By: Susan M. Pojer and
Lynne Pierce
Calls for Reforms came from many areas
• Women – Minor v. Happersett (1874) citizenship doesn’t equal suffrage• Farmers and working people – bimetalism;
greenbacks Grange – education, social, political• Temperance believers• African Americans• Writers• Populists • Middle Class citizens eventually join in as the
Progressives
Women’s Suffrage
For and Against
The Silver IssueThe Silver IssueBimetalism seemed the answer to those worried about inflation- farmers, workers
Sherman Silver Purchase Act (1890)
Caused the Panic of 1893
Work changes• Mandatory
school laws to curb child labor
• shorter hours for women
• Unions gaining strength
Temperance might save the day
Francis Willard and the Women’s Christian Temperance Union
Carry Nation tried a different method
Booker T. Washington• Educated at
Hampton Institute• Founded Tuskeegee• “Atlanta
Compromise”• Education and
accommodation• Chose the course
that insured survival
W.E.B. DuBois• Disagreed with
Washington on everything but education
• Niagra Movement• Founding member of
the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People – edited “The Crisis”
National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People• Founded Feb. 12, 1909
• 60 members – only 7 black
• Prefers to work through legislation, court cases and political pressure
Ida B. Wells-Barnettanti-lynching crusader
Jim Crow Justice
Social Gospel Movement
• Opposite of Social Darwinism• People have a Christian duty to help
others• YMCA, Salvation Army
Jane Addams, 1st woman to win Nobel Peace Prize
What is the traditional role of a third party?
Here Lies ProsperityHere Lies Prosperity
Coxey’s Army, 1894
Coxey’s Army, 1894
Jacob Coxey & his “Army of Jacob Coxey & his “Army of the Commonweal of Christ.”the Commonweal of Christ.”
First March on WashingtonFirst March on Washington
William Jennings Bryan (1860-1925)
William Jennings Bryan (1860-1925)
The “Great Commoner”
Bryan’s“Cross of Gold”
Speech
Bryan’s“Cross of Gold”
SpeechYou shall not You shall not press down press down upon the brow upon the brow of labor this of labor this crown of crown of thorns; you thorns; you shall not shall not crucify crucify mankind upon mankind upon aa cross of goldcross of gold!!
William McKinley (1843-1901)William McKinley (1843-1901)
1896 Election Results
1896 Election Results
Gold Triumphs Over SilverGold Triumphs Over Silver
1900 1900 GoldGoldStandard ActStandard Act
confirmed theconfirmed thenation’s nation’s commitment tocommitment tothe gold the gold standardstandard
A victory for A victory for the the forces offorces ofconservatismconservatism
Why Did Populism Decline?
Why Did Populism Decline?
1.1. The economy experienced rapid The economy experienced rapid change.change.
2.2. Race divided the Populist Party, Race divided the Populist Party, especially in the South.especially in the South.
3.3. The Populists were not able to The Populists were not able to breakbreakexisting party loyalties.existing party loyalties.
4.4. Most of their agenda was co-opted Most of their agenda was co-opted bybythe Democratic Party.the Democratic Party.
Middle class reformers who were intent on improving society by eliminating government corruption, creating more economic opportunity and correcting problems in people’s daily lives
MuckrakersLincoln Steffens – The Shame of the Cities
Ida Tarbell - The History of Standard Oil
Reform!! At Last!!Government comes first
• City-manager system – Staunton, VA • Initiative – propose laws• Referendum – citizens
vote on laws• Recall – remove an
official from office• Direct primary – choose
a candidate to run• Secret ballot –
Australian ballot
Newport News Mayor
McKinley Price
Newport News City Manager
James Bourey
Louis Brandeisa new kind of law
• “Brandeis Brief”- social & economic causes; juvenile justice
• First minority appointed to the Supreme Court
The Age of Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt - The Square Deal
Youngest President
Cartoonists Loved Teddy
The Trust Buster
• Hepburn Act• Pure Food and Drug Act – FDA• Meat Inspection Act• Depts. of Commerce & Labor• conservation
Teddy’s Choice
Taft has a difficult road• Only President to also be
Chief Justice• True trust buster• Appeared pro-bosses, anti-
conservation, anti-tariff reform
“Uncle Joe” Cannon
Taft as a Failure
Teddy Returns
The Election of 1912A chance for the Democrats
The Stand for Suffrage
Election Results Election Results
GOP Divided by Bull MooseEquals Democratic Victory!
GOP Divided by Bull MooseEquals Democratic Victory!
Wilson Delivers• Amendments to the
Constitution – 16th – income tax 17th – direct election of
Senators 18th – Prohibition 19th – Women’s Suffrage• Clayton Antitrust Act• Underwood Tariff• Federal Reserve System –
“bankers’ banks”
Wilson continues
• Keating-Owen Child Labor Law
• Workingmen’s Compensation Act
• Federal Farm Loan Act
• Federal Trade Commission
World War I ends the movement