By samah alfar0127943

OUT LINE Family Definition Types of Families Family Functions Family Values Family Life-style Family dynamics Calgary Family Assessment Model(CFAM Family Roles Family and nurse Conclusion- summary- article

OBJECTIVEAt the end of this seminar the student will be able

to

Define family define family type

definevalu

FAMILY Social system of two or more people Define themselves as a family Share bonds of emotional closeness

DEFINITIONS OF THE FAMILY

A social unit interacting with the larger society (Johnson, 1984)

A primary group of people living in a household proximity and intimate relationship (Helvic, 1981)

ACCORDING TO STUART (1991) FAMILY HAS FIVE CRITICAL ATTRIBUTES

The family is a system or unit Its members may or may not be

related or may or may not live together

The unit may or may not contain children

There is commitment and attachment among unit members that include future obligation

The unit care-giving functions consist of protection, nourishment, and socialization of its members.

TYPES OF FAMILIESNuclear Family. Joint Family. Reconstituted families.Single-parent families.

NUCLEAR Nuclear conjugal: husband, wife, and children Nuclear dyads: married couple without children

under 18 living in home Children may be biological or adopted Dual-earner: two working parents with or without

children Found in all societies. Authority and decision making power lies with the

husband (head of the family). Wife has the role of rearing children. Changing trend: wife is also having participation

in generating family income and decision making. Influence on family matter by relatives is

negligible.

JOINT FAMILY (EXTENDED) Include family members other than

spouses or children. Husband wife children + uncles aunts

cousins and grand children. May include stepkin Share expenses and tasks Live in close proximity and provide

mutual support. Joint Family Also called extended

family system. Have representatives of three or four

generations.

RECONSTITUTED FAMILIES

Reconstituted families Divorced or widowed adults with new spouse, step children

SINGLE-PARENT Most common family served by community

health nurse Consists of adult woman or man and children

STEPFAMILIES Two adults, at least one of whom has

remarried Can include children from previous marriage Can include children from the new marriage

GRANDPARENT-HEADED Older person or grandparent is head of

household Comprise approximately 7% of U.S. families Many factors contribute to grandparent-

headed families

FOSTER At least one adult and one or more foster

children Children placed by the court system May contain the adult’s own biological or

adopted children Higher incidence of mental disorders in foster

children

HIERARCHICAL SYSTEMS

FAMILY FUNCTIONS The family acts to achieve a balance

between individuals needs and family needs and family goals; this is accomplished through family function.

THREE DECADES AGO,

THE FUNCTIONS OF THE FAMILY WERE DELINEATED AS:

Social Reproduction Economic Cooperation and sexual relation

TODAY, THE FOCUS HAS EXPANDED TO INCLUDE:

Affection Security Identity Seek of belonging Socialization, and Control functions

FAMILY VALUESARE APPARENT IN RELATION TO THEIR

VIEWS

Recreation in practice perspective

Education in practice perspective

Health in practice perspective

RECREATIONAll members included priorities.

EDUCATIONExciting Important Threatened by teacherTeacher → FriendsTeachers → Authority figures

FAMILY HEALTH PRACTICES:Nutritional statusRecreationExercise activitiesSleeping patternsUse health resources

FAMILY LIFE-STYLE CERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE WAY A FAMILY

CONDUCTS ITSDay-to-day living, Communication patterns,Decision making abilities

ProcessPerson

Crisis responses, andValues and attitudes toward health.

Don't forget that there are differences between your perception and the family perceptions

FAMILY DYNAMICS Balance of power and division of labor (roles) If imbalance effect occurs, then

DivorceRun awayViolence

CALGARY FAMILY ASSESSMENT MODEL (CFAM )

THREE MAJOR CATEGORIES:

Family Structural AssessmentFamily Developmental

AssessmentFamily Functional Development

1 .FAMILY STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT Internal Structure

Family composition: all members of household as defined by the family

Rank order : position of children in family with respect to age

Subsystems: smaller clusters within family e.g. husband-wife

Boundary: to protect the differentiation of subsystems, may

be clear, diffuse, rigid.( who participate &how)

* EXTERNAL STRUCTURE Culture Religion Social class Environment Extended family (origin)

STRUCTURAL ASSESSMENT TOOLS The genogram and the ecomap are two tools

that are particularly helpful.

The nurse uses them in outlining the family's internal and external structures.

GENOGRAM Is a diagram of the family, it shows the structure

of intergenerational relationships

ECOMAP Is a diagram of the family's contact with others

outside of the immediate family. It pictures the important connections between the

family and the world.

KEYS

BLANK GENOGRAM

SAMPLESAMPLE FAMILY GENOGRAMFAMILY GENOGRAM..

Sample Family EcomapSample Family Ecomap.

SAMPLE ON ECOMAP

2. FAMILY DEVELOPMENTAL ASSESSMENT

1. Instrumental functioning

2. Expressive Functioning

3. FAMILY FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT

1. INSTRUMENTAL FUNCTIONING

Daily livingEatingSleepingPreparing mealsChanging dressingInjection

2. EXPRESSIVE FUNCTIONING Emotional communication Verbal communication Nonverbal communication Circular communication Problem-Solving Roles Control (money, vocations) Beliefs Alliances (focus on the directionality, balance of the

relationships between family members)

Family Developmental Assessment

Stages Tasks Attachments

STAGES

Marriage: the joining of families Families with infants Families with preschoolers Families with school children Families with teen agers Middle-aged families Aging families

Nursing Focus

Identify/assess family stage Assess degree that family has achieved

developmental task Assess family engagement in action that

promotes accomplishment of developmental tasks

WHY NURSES WORK WITH FAMILIES

To reduce the factors that damage health. To enhance good health and well being. To strengthen self-care and coping.

WHAT DO NURSES OFFER TO FAMILIES

Health promotion. Disease prevention and early detection. Home care.

Health System Considerations

Family attitudes toward health and response to illness

Access to and use of health care services

FAMILY CRISIS

Occurs when family faces a seemingly-insolvable problem

TYPES OF FAMILY CRISES

Situational Family experiences an event that is sudden,

unexpected, and unpredictable Maturational

Normal transition point Exchange old patterns and roles for new

CURRENT TRENDS AFFECTING FAMILY STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS INJORDAN

Big family size. Increasing access to education for

women. Delaying marriage. Poverty and widening the gap between

the rich and poor. Increasing rates of divorce. Changing and blurring of gender role. Growing women’s employment. Awareness of domestic violence.

CHARACTERISTICS OF FAMILIES Don't forget that each family is unique

At the same time, every family is like every other family

CERTAIN COMMON CHARACTERISTICS ARE: Every family is a small social system Every family has its own cultural values

and rules Every family has structure Every family has certain basic functions Every family move through stages in its life

cycle

CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTHY FAMILIES

A healthy family is a well-functioning family. Though, analysis of family in terms of how it

meets the basic functions is not enough to give a picture of its health status.

One means of viewing family health is by examining family strength ; seven ( 7 ) majors ones:

Family Pride ( اإلعتزاز ) Family Support ( الدعم ) Cohesion ( اإللتحام ) Adaptability Religious Orientation Communication Social Support

CHARACTERISTICS OF HEALTHY FAMILIES

The literature on families describes health families as having six important characteristics:

Healthy families were described as having six important characteristics. There is a Facilitative process of interaction

among the family members. They enhance individual member development. Their relationships are structured effectively. They actively attempt to cope with the

problems. They have a healthy home environment and

life-style. They establish regular links with broader

community.

A CULTURAL ASSESSMENT WOULD INCLUDE

LET THE FAMILY DEFINE HEALTHThe family's definition of health and illnessThe family's approach to health

maintenance and a disease preventionFamily's beliefs regarding illness-cure

treatment * Folk medicine

Cultural preference related to foodDegree of identification with cultural groupFamily functioning.

Child rearing practices Values regarding and space

FAMILY-FOCUSED INTERVENTIONS

Primary prevention-aggregate level Advocate

Environmental protection Social justice Availability of health promotion and illness

prevention services Teach coping skills

PRIMARY PREVENTION FAMILY-FOCUSED INTERVENTIONS Family level Health promotion and protection

Educate family members Safety Nutrition Physical activity/rest

Illness prevention Teaching effective hygiene Referring for immunizations

SECONDARY FAMILY-FOCUSED INTERVENTIONS Family level

Assist families in obtaining needed care Help families deal with problems Link families with services Crisis intervention

Population level Alert health policy makers to need for family

services Initiate plans for programs

TERTIARY FAMILY-FOCUSED INTERVENTIONS Family level

Assist families in coping with long-term health problems

Assist in dealing with consequencesAssist families with loss of loved one

Population/aggregate levelAdvocate for development of respite

services for family caretakersCreate support groups for crisis-prone

families

Summary

conclusion

Resources

National Council on Family RelationsCommunity health nursing book

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