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Transcript of By: M.Gillespie, H.Holmani, D. Kotowski, and D.A.Stacey Presented By: Daniel Kotowski...
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A Knowledge Identification Framework for the Engineering of Ontologies in System Composition
Processes
By: M.Gillespie , H.Holmani, D. Kotowski, and D.A.Stacey
Presented By: Daniel Kotowski
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Who are we?
Guelph Ontology Team (GOT) Website: http://jaws.socs.uoguelph.ca
Soon to be: http://ontology.socs.uoguelph.ca
We have been recently established
Our Research Focus:
Semantic Web & Compositional Systems
Semantic Web & Workflow Planning
Semantic Web & Ontology Discovery and Reuse
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Goal of this Presentation
• This paper is a position paper and preliminary work• We would like to start a dialog on the framework
presented
• To introduce aspects of an ODCS that needs to be considered when designing ontolgoies
• Explore possible usage of the framework
• We have done case study using this framework which will be presented at KEOD 2011 in Paris
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Outline
Introduction
Ontology Driven Compositional Systems (ODCS) Current Implementations
Knowledge Identification Framework for ODCS Categories of Knowledge Entities
Applications of Framework
Summary
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The Semantic Web & Compositional Systems
System Composition is the process of composing two or more previously implemented software and/or services to create a more functional system.
Note: We do not consider code “generation”
Compositional Systems are expert systems that automatically or semi-automatically perform system composition
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The Semantic Web & Compositional Systems
Compositional Systems required a knowledge base to reason which software/services are required to create the desired resultant system
Enter Ontologies!
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Ontology Driven Compositional System (ODCS)
An Ontology Driven Compositional System is reasons with ontological representations to construct a resultant system composed of compositional units
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Source Giliepse et. al. (2011)
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ODCS Examples:Semantic Web Services
Automatic Composition of Web Services
Ex. Arpinar et al. (2005) WebService.owl Process.owl Domain.owl
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Source: Arpinar et al. (2005)
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ODCS Examples:BioSTORM Agent Composition
Automatic composition of syndromic surveillance software agents
DataSource.owl SurveillanceMethods.owl SurveillanceEvaluation.owl
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Source: Nyulas et.al. (2008)
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ODCS Examples:Algorithm Composition
Semi-automatic composition of Algorithms
Hlomani & Stacey (2009) Algorithm.owl -
Timeline.owl Gillespie et al. (2011)
StatisticalModelling.owl PopulationModelling.owl
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Kotowski et.al (2011)
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Let’s Not Reinvent the Wheel
• Each system defines there own way to share knowledge
• Often this method is unique to each system
• However all these systems are trying to accomplish the same thing (even though they may be named different things)• Define Data architecture
• Compositional Units
• Workflow
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Wouldn’t it be Nice
• Method for understanding what knowledge we needed to capture
• To have a basis for evaluating our knowledge bases
• There are elements systems do not capture but will be important as they evolve
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Knowledge Identification Framework
Purpose:
Generalize knowledge entities within any type of ODCS
Propose collaborative vocabulary
Assist with Merging and Mapping between ODCS's ontologies
Enhance adaptability of future ontologies for ODCSs
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Knowledge Identification Framework
Five Categories of Knowledge:
Compositional Units
Work-flow
Data Architecture
Human Actors
Physical Resources
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Knowledge Identification Framework
Internal vs. External:
Compositional Units
Work-flow
Data Architecture
Human Actors
Physical Resources
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Knowledge Identification Framework
Internal vs. External:
Compositional Units
Work-flow
Data Architecture
Human Actors
Physical Resources
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Knowledge Identification Framework
Syntactic vs Semantic Knowledge Entities:
Syntactic entities represent actual objects
Semantic entities represent the realization of those actual objects
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Knowledge Identification Framework
Syntactic vs Semantic Knowledge Entities:
Like “Information Realization” ontology design pattern (Gangemi & Prescutti, 2009)
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Knowledge Identification Framework
Semantic Knowledge Entity Sub-Types:
Function
Data
Execution
Quality
Trust
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Examples of Knowledge Entities
Compositional Unit Examples
Syntactic: Algorithm, Web Service, System Library Function,
Input/Output Specification
Semantic:
subType::Function (i.e. Domain-specific actions)
Data aggregation/conversion/plotting/analysis, Statistical model, Aberrancy detection, etc.
subType::Execution subType::Quality
Operating system Average Runtime
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Examples of Knowledge Entities
Data Architecture Examples
Syntactic: Single Datum, Structured Data, Data Source, Data Set
Semantic: subType:Data
Data Context, Data Context Component DataSource Structure, DataSource FileFormat Data Structure (i.e., Matrix, Vector, Variable)
Data Type Units of Measure
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Examples of Knowledge Entities
Human Actor Examples
Syntactic: Person, Organization, Recommendation
Semantic: subType: Trust
Role (i.e., software developer, domain-expert, novice-user)
Recommendation Context Organization Type Organization Governance
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Knowledge Identification Framework
Relationships between Knowledge Categories
Syntactic Relationships
Semantic Relationships
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Relationships between Knowledge Categories
Syntactic Relationship Example
AlgorithmInput Specification
has_input
Compositional UnitData Architecture Compositional UnitData ArchitectureHuman Actor ----
Input Specification
Data Source
Data Source
Datum
requires
sameAs
contains
contains
Personowns
can_use
----
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Relationships between Knowledge Categories
Semantic Relationship Example (Function & Trust)
AlgorithmInput Specification
has_feature
Compositional UnitHuman Actor
SpaceTimeDimension
Person
Personworks_in
trusts_ using
----
OrganizationalRole
trusts
recommends
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Applications ofFramework
Ontology Evaluation using Software Quality Assurance Checklist
– With “SQA-like” Checklist, evaluated the adaptability of the BioSTORM ontologies
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Applications ofFramework
Ontology Capture & Integration
SystemComposition.owl
DataArchitecture.owl
HumanActors.owlPhysicalResources.owl
CompositionalUnits.owl
Workflow.owl
FOAF.owl
Time.owl (W3C)
DataSource.owl (BioSTORM)
Process.owl (ISO)Algorithm.owl
(Hlomani)
imported_by
– Adapting current knowledge representations to improve ontologies for Algorithm construction: Hlomani & Stacey (2009) Gillespie et al (2011)
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Summary
• Knowledge Identification Framework assists:• With the capture of knowledge about components of an
ODCS
• Detailing relationships between the categories of knowledge
• Both syntactic and semantic
• Merging and mapping between ODCS’ ontologies
• Enhance adaptability of future ontologies for ODCS’
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Thank You!!
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References
Arpinar, I. B., Zhang, R., Aleman-Meza, B., & Maduko, A. (2005). Ontology-driven Web services composition platform. Information Systems and e-Business Management, 3(2), 175-199. doi:10.1007/s10257-005-0055-9
Gillespie, M. G., Stacey, D. A., & Crawford, S. S. (2011). Designing Ontology-Driven System Composition Knowledge and Processes to Satisfy User Expectations (in publication). Communications in Computer and Information Science (CCIS). Springer-Verlag.
Hlomani, H., & Stacey, D. A. (2009). An ontology driven approach to software systems composition. International Conference of Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development (pp. 254-260). INSTICC.
Nyulas, C. I., O’Connor, M. J., Tu, S. W., Buckeridge, D. L., Okhmatovskaia, A., & Musen, M. a. (2008). An Ontology-Driven Framework for Deploying JADE Agent Systems. 2008 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology, 573-577. Ieee. doi:10.1109/WIIAT.2008.25
Kotowski, D, Heriques, G., Gillespie,M., Hlomani,H., & Stacey,D (2011). Leveraging User Knowledge: Design Principles for an Intuitive User Interface for Building Workflows. KEOD 2011.
Holmani, H., Gillespie, M., Kotowski, D., Stacey,D.(2011). Utilizing a Compositional System Knowledge Framework for Ontology Evaluation: A Case Study on BioSTORM
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