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Transcript of By: Kelsie. Cycladic culture- a group of about 200 islands east of the Greek mainland. The...
THE ANCIENT GREEKSBy: Kelsie
Kelsie Anderson - History
The Cycladic and Minoan Culture
Cycladic culture- a group of about 200 islands east of the Greek mainland.
The Cyclades made a living by fishing and trading.
After about 2000 B.C. the Cyclades followed customs from more powerful cultures.
The Minoan culture began in 2700 B.C. in Crete. They began as an agricultural society. The Minoans built a large building called
Knossos. Knossos covered an area as large as about three
football fields.
Kelsie Anderson - History
The Mycenaean and Trojan Culture
The settlement at Mycenae started in about 1900 B.C.
The Mycenaean culture spread throughout the Aegean region.
The Minoan and Mycenaean cultures adapted each others ways.
The Trojans- Started at the city of Troy, the Trojan culture began in 2900 B.C.
The Mycenaean culture built a huge hollow horse and hid inside it. The Trojans then accepted it at a peace offering.
Then, the Mycenaeans defeated the Trojans.
Kelsie Anderson - History
Pictures for Lesson OneMycenaean Weapons
Minoan Map
Trojan Horse
Kelsie Anderson - History
To Be Greek And The Rise of the City-states
City-states were formed when people from neighboring villages to protect each other.
Most of the groups built forts on hilltops, called an acropolis.
The people of the city-states shared an ancestor, Hellen.
The called themselves Hellenes and their country Hellas.
The Greeks called people who couldn’t speak Greek barbarians.
Kelsie Anderson - History
Athens and Sparta
Athens was a city-state and located on Attica. After the Dark Age, the Athens ruled by an
aristocracy. The Athenians struggled for control of a city-state. The Athenians asked their leader, Solon, to make
changes so he can end their struggles. He divided them into classes based on wealth. Sparta was also a city-state, located on the
Peloponnesians Peninsula. Only men in the ruling class were considered citizens
of Sparta. Sparta had a citizen assembly where they voted on
laws, but didn’t suggest them.
Kelsie Anderson - History
Pictures for Lesson TwoAthen Flag
Greek Writing
Spartan War
Acropolis
Kelsie Anderson - History
The Persian Wars and The Age of Pericles
The Greek city-states fought over land and trade. A common enemy was Persia. Persia built a huge
empire including Assyria, Babylonia, Egypt, and the Greek city-states.
When a battle was won, a messenger ran from Marathon to Athens to tell about the victory. Athletes re-create this by running a marathon.
The Greeks defeated the Persians many times even though the Persians outnumbered the Greeks.
Pericles led the Athenians for most of the Athenian rule. In 460 B.C. Pericles was elected leader for the Athens. In 457 B.C. Pericles allowed every male citizen to hold
any position in the government office.
Kelsie Anderson - History
The Achievements and End of the Golden Age
Sophocles wrote tragedies, serious plays with sad endings.
Aristophanes wrote comedies, or plays that are funny.
When the Golden Age was going on, scientists studied human life and nature.
Soldiers were sent to Egypt so Pericles could make Athens the school of Greece. This started the Peloponnesian war.
A disease spread throughout the city when Pericles called all people from the countryside to the city.
Finally, the Athens surrendered to Sparta.
Kelsie Anderson - History
Greek Philosophers
Philosophers also means “lovers of wisdom.”
Socrates called himself “gadfly” because he used criticism to get them into thinking about the best way to live life.
This annoyed the leaders of Athens and Socrates was ordered to drink poison.
Socrates drank the poison because he believed that it was important to obey the law.
Kelsie Anderson - History
Pictures for Lesson Three
Kelsie Anderson - History
The Making of an Emperor
Alexander The Great was born in 356 B.C. in Macedonia.
His mother’s name was Olympias, she was also Greek.
Alexander’s teacher was Aristotle. At age 16, Alexander fought in the army. At age 18, Alexander commanded the
cavalry Two years later, Philip died and Alexander
became king.
Kelsie Anderson - History
The Building Of an Empire
In 334 B.C. Alexander defeated the Persians. King Gordius tied a knot to his chariot and
stated if anyone untied the knot would rule Asia. Alexander cut Gordius’s knot and was crowned
king. Alexander and his army also conquered Tyre in
332 B.C. Alexander was pharaoh of Egypt after freeing
them from the Persian rule. Next, Alexander captured Babylon and
Persepolis.
Kelsie Anderson - History
The End of an Empire
Alexander led his army into Bactria and married a princess, Roxane.
Alexander wanted to lead his army into northern Africa.
Alexander died shortly before his 33rd birthday of an illness.
After his death, the empire began to break into separate parts.
Kelsie Anderson - History
Alexander’s Legacy
Many of the cultures Alexander’s army conquered began to speak and write in Greek.
Alexander built many cities before his death. Many of Alexander’s cities were named Alexandria.
In Alexandria, Egypt a library contained more than 500,000 scrolls of papyrus.
In the museum, scholars exchanged ideas.
Kelsie Anderson - History
Pictures for Lesson Four