By: Eddie Oldfield

Mapping for Public Health, Environment, and Public Safety

The Greenhouse Effect

Earth’s surface is heated by the sun and radiates the heat back out towards space

Solar energy from the sunpasses throughthe atmosphere

Greenhouse gases in the atmospheretrap some of the heat

Some energy is reflected back out to space

L’Effet de Serre

What’s wrong

warmerwarmertemperatures?temperatures?

withwith

More severe More severe weather eventsweather events

Longer and more Longer and more intense intense heat wavesheat waves• worse air worse air pollutionpollution• increase in increase in heat-related heat-related illnessillness

DroughtsDroughts

Lowered Lowered freshwater levelsfreshwater levels

Sea-levelSea-level rise rise on all three on all three coastscoastsSpread of Spread of

Infectious Infectious DiseasesDiseases

Impacts

National Geographic, August 2005National Geographic, August 2005

City Beneath the Sea!

Hurricane Katrina hits New Orleans

Warmer water

Sea-Level Rise & Storm Surges

Victoria Calgary Winnipeg London Quebec Fredericton

0

10

20

30

40

50

Days/Year

Daily Maximum Temperature >30°C or >35°C

> 30 C (1951-80)

> 30 C (2 X CO2)

Projected Number of Hot Days Per Year

> 35 C (2 X CO2)

Warmer Temperatures, Worsening Air Quality, and Human Health?

Mortality in Paris June-August 2003

Source: INVS, 2003

325 in one day

Global warming killed 150,000 people in 2000 and the death toll could double again in the next 30 years if current trends are not reversed

One heat wave killed 20,000 people in Europe alone (in 2003)

-World Health Organization

Current: 0.6 degrees Celcius warmer

Arctic has experienced 20% decrease in ice extent in 30 years

1.5 degrees warmer

8 million additional people at risk of coastal flooding

20 million additional people at risk from hunger

150 million additional people at risk from malaria

18% of species to extinction

Health OutcomesHealth Outcomes

Expected Global ImpactsExpected Global Impacts3 degrees warmer

Near total loss of Arctic Ice

100 million additional people at risk of coastal flooding

300 million additional people at risk of malaria

3 billion people at risk of water shortage

Meltdown of Greenland ice sheet – several meters of sea level rise

The earth becomes a net contributor to CO2 emissions (melting

permafrosts, erosion of soils and vegetation, desertification)

4-5 degrees warmer

Thermohaline shutdown probability over 50%

Source: Pembina Institute

United Nations Framework Convention

on Climate Change www.unfccc.int

In 1997, over 150 countries agreed to

establish the

Kyoto Protocol

Welcome to Kyoto

The Kyoto Protocol became international law on February The Kyoto Protocol became international law on February 16, 200516, 2005

The first meeting of the UNFCCC (signatories to Kyoto) will The first meeting of the UNFCCC (signatories to Kyoto) will take place in Montreal, November, 2005take place in Montreal, November, 2005

New Brunswick Lung Association

Hosts Hub – Delivers One Tonne Challenge www.nbhub.org Communities: Delivers Partners for Climate Protection in NB –

Goal: greenhouse gas reduction Fleet Challenge (fuel efficiency) Healthy Homes, Schools, and Workplaces (energy efficiency

and indoor air quality) International Center for Air Quality and Health (research and

advocacy – NorthEast) Environmental-Health Mapping portal www.nb.lung.ca/mapping

www.nbhub.org

Community Health Maps

Linking climate, air quality, and health care capacity

User QueriesUser Queries

User Requirements User Requirements are metare met

Spatial Modeling and Spatial Modeling and AnalysisAnalysis

e.g. Disease Clustering; Flood Zonese.g. Disease Clustering; Flood Zones

Data IntegrationData Integration

Web-GISWeb-GIS

Delivery ChannelsDelivery Channels

Meteorological DataMeteorological Data

Health DataHealth Data

Population / Population / Demographic DataDemographic Data

Land FeaturesLand Features

Case / location-specificCase / location-specificSpatial dataSpatial data

Data:Data:

The value of GIS:The value of GIS:

NB NB LungLungWMSWMS

DBDB

CGDI CGDI ServicesServices

CGDI - enabledCGDI - enabled

WMSWMS

WFSWFS

WMSWMS

Client Interface

System Administrator

Interface

OGC Standards (interoperability)

Discovery Portal

Data Model Data Model

City of Moncton

Add slide showing graph / map, air quality + health in a community

Next Steps

Establish Working Group for Health Research and Mapping

Establish Multi-disciplinary advisory group for early warning systems

and health / safety planning tools

Enhance NBLA Mapping System, integrate and model spatial data,

conduct statistical and epidemiological analysis, provide policy-

relevant information and disseminate knowledge to community-of-

practice.

Engage and train community of practice (e.g. public health

professionals)

Build upon partnerships

Break-Out GroupsBreak-Out Groups

We want:We want:

• To know what user requirements are (your needs)To know what user requirements are (your needs)

• To know what data is neededTo know what data is needed

• To build a data model and focus spatial analysis / map-To build a data model and focus spatial analysis / map-based researchbased research

• To discuss how data is delivered to: doctors, nurses, health To discuss how data is delivered to: doctors, nurses, health planners, hospital managers, health emergency officials, planners, hospital managers, health emergency officials, researchers, general publicresearchers, general public

• To engage / train public health professionalsTo engage / train public health professionals

GROUP 1:GROUP 1: Patti Parker - focus: health issues and requirements Patti Parker - focus: health issues and requirements

GROUP 2:GROUP 2: Barb MacKinnon – focus: environmental-health policy / maps, Barb MacKinnon – focus: environmental-health policy / maps,

training and user engagement, data needs, decision-support requirements training and user engagement, data needs, decision-support requirements

GROUP 3:GROUP 3: Michael Sutherland – focus: cross-linkages between health, Michael Sutherland – focus: cross-linkages between health,

environment, public safety, and aboriginal communities; + delivery channelsenvironment, public safety, and aboriginal communities; + delivery channels

GROUP 4:GROUP 4: Dave Loukes – focus: standards-based web mapping Dave Loukes – focus: standards-based web mapping

development, map technology requirements, infrastructure requirements / development, map technology requirements, infrastructure requirements /

policy, data privacy and securitypolicy, data privacy and security

Break-Out GroupsBreak-Out Groups