by: Clarissa Gomez, Cynthia by: Clarissa Gomez, Cynthia Rodriguez, Kimberly Tice, Rodriguez, Kimberly Tice,

Patricia CobosPatricia Cobos

by: Clarissa Gomez, Cynthia by: Clarissa Gomez, Cynthia Rodriguez, Kimberly Tice, Rodriguez, Kimberly Tice,

Patricia CobosPatricia Cobos

His TimesHis Times

Thomas Robert MalthusThomas Robert Malthus Handsome, high Handsome, high

forehead, short hair, forehead, short hair, sharp eyessharp eyes

Born Feb. 13, 1766 in Born Feb. 13, 1766 in Dorking, Surrey (England)Dorking, Surrey (England)

Second son of eight Second son of eight children children

Father-Daniel Malthus Father-Daniel Malthus

As A Young ManAs A Young Man Enjoyed chessEnjoyed chess Attended Warrington Attended Warrington

Academy and in 1784 Academy and in 1784 entered Jesus Collegeentered Jesus College

Tutored by Richard Tutored by Richard Graves, Gilbert Graves, Gilbert Wakefield, & William Wakefield, & William FrendFrend

Graduated with Graduated with honors in honors in mathematics mathematics

As Grown ManAs Grown Man

1803 married his cousin, Harriet 1803 married his cousin, Harriet Eckersall & had three childrenEckersall & had three children

1805 was appointed professor of 1805 was appointed professor of history & political economy in East history & political economy in East India College India College

Represented the first professorship in Represented the first professorship in political economy established in political economy established in BritainBritain

Participation in OrganizationsParticipation in Organizations

1821 became a member of the 1821 became a member of the Political Economy Club Political Economy Club

1824 was elected one of ten royal 1824 was elected one of ten royal associates of the Royal Academy of associates of the Royal Academy of Literature Literature

1834 was the first member in the 1834 was the first member in the Statistical SocietyStatistical Society

Member of the French Institute & Member of the French Institute & Royal Academy in Berlin Royal Academy in Berlin

His Major WorksHis Major Works

The Crisis The Crisis Essay on the Essay on the

Principle of Principle of Population Population

Investigation of the Investigation of the Cause of the Cause of the Present High Price Present High Price of Provisionsof Provisions

Second Essay on Second Essay on the Principle of the Principle of Population Population

Major Works (contMajor Works (cont))

Observations on the Effects of the Corn Observations on the Effects of the Corn Laws and of a rise or fall in the price of Laws and of a rise or fall in the price of corn on the agriculture and general wealth corn on the agriculture and general wealth of the country of the country

An Inquiry into the Nature and Progress of An Inquiry into the Nature and Progress of Rent, and the principles by which it is Rent, and the principles by which it is regulated regulated

The Grounds of an Opinion on the Policy of The Grounds of an Opinion on the Policy of Restricting the Importation of Foreign CornRestricting the Importation of Foreign Corn

Essay on PopulationEssay on Population

An analysis of the nature and causes of An analysis of the nature and causes of poverty poverty

A response to the writers who were A response to the writers who were expressing optimism and faith in the expressing optimism and faith in the nature of man nature of man

Controvert the notions of human Controvert the notions of human perfectibilityperfectibility

Purpose to explode such notions based on Purpose to explode such notions based on the inevitable scarcity resulting of human the inevitable scarcity resulting of human population population

Hypothesis and PredicationsHypothesis and Predications

Population growth always exceeds the Population growth always exceeds the growth of means of subsistence growth of means of subsistence

Actual population always has a Actual population always has a tendency tendency to push above the food to push above the food supply supply

Population growth would come to a Population growth would come to a standstill standstill

Postulated war, pestilence, famine, & Postulated war, pestilence, famine, & plague would operate as checks of a plague would operate as checks of a swelling population swelling population

Description of the EssayDescription of the Essay

Deals with emotional topics such as Deals with emotional topics such as welfare, infanticide, and faithwelfare, infanticide, and faith

Society’s ability to produce children Society’s ability to produce children outstrip our ability to provide energy for outstrip our ability to provide energy for their survivaltheir survival

Regards to the future of human societies Regards to the future of human societies Argued that once the poor had a taste of Argued that once the poor had a taste of

luxury, they would demand a higher luxury, they would demand a higher standard of living before starting a familystandard of living before starting a family

Description (cont.)Description (cont.)

Argued “perfectibility” of society will Argued “perfectibility” of society will always be out of reach always be out of reach

States he doesn’t hate the poor, but States he doesn’t hate the poor, but considers them mentally unfitconsiders them mentally unfit

Doesn’t advocate sexual abstinence Doesn’t advocate sexual abstinence as a solution to the population crisisas a solution to the population crisis

Criticized use of birth controlCriticized use of birth control Believed sexuality outside of Believed sexuality outside of

marriage was evilmarriage was evil

The Core Principles of The Core Principles of MalthusMalthus

1. Food is necessary for human existence 1. Food is necessary for human existence 2. Human population tends to grow faster 2. Human population tends to grow faster

than the power in the earth to produce than the power in the earth to produce subsistencesubsistence

3.Effects of these two unequal powers 3.Effects of these two unequal powers must be kept equal must be kept equal

4.Population reduction tends to be 4.Population reduction tends to be accomplished through the “positive” accomplished through the “positive” checks of famine, disease, poverty, and checks of famine, disease, poverty, and warwar

Controversial Sides of MalthusControversial Sides of Malthus

Attacks the Poor Laws in Ch. V of the Attacks the Poor Laws in Ch. V of the Essay, a decentralized system of poor Essay, a decentralized system of poor relief in Englandrelief in England

Attacked the Poor Laws by saying they Attacked the Poor Laws by saying they may alleviate short term suffering , but may alleviate short term suffering , but cause greater suffering in the endcause greater suffering in the end

Declares the abolition of Poor Laws & for Declares the abolition of Poor Laws & for the abolition of the National Health Service the abolition of the National Health Service in Britain or the Social Security System in in Britain or the Social Security System in the United States the United States

Work CitedWork Cited Donald Winch. Donald Winch. MalthusMalthus. Oxford University Press, New . Oxford University Press, New

York 1987, pp. 16-38York 1987, pp. 16-38 J.Dupaquier. J.Dupaquier. Malthus Past and Present. Malthus Past and Present. Academic Academic

Press, London 1983, pp. 85-97Press, London 1983, pp. 85-97 Thomas Robert MalthusThomas Robert Malthus. 1995. Victorian Web. 16 . 1995. Victorian Web. 16

Apr. 2002 Apr. 2002 <http://65.107.211.206/victorian/economics/malthus.<http://65.107.211.206/victorian/economics/malthus.htmlhtml

Peter Landry. Peter Landry. Thomas Robert Malthus Thomas Robert Malthus . April 2001. . April 2001. 17. Apr. 2002 17. Apr. 2002 <http://cepa.newschool.edu/net/profiles/malthus.htm<http://cepa.newschool.edu/net/profiles/malthus.htm

Ronald Bleier. Ronald Bleier. The International Society of MalthusThe International Society of Malthus . . 17 Apr. 2002 < 17 Apr. 2002 < http://www.igc.apc.org/desip/malthus/background.hthttp://www.igc.apc.org/desip/malthus/background.htmlml > >