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Transcript of By: Chris Massaro April 12, 2011. Early Life and Family He was born on March 27, 1845 in Lennep,...
WILHELM RÖNTGEN AND THE X-RAY
By: Chris Massaro
April 12, 2011
Early Life and Family He was born on March 27, 1845 in Lennep,
Prussia (Now Remscheid, Germany) His parent’s names were Charlotte and
FriedrichAn interesting fact: Charlotte and Friedrich were first
cousinsApparently, that happened a lot back in those days
His father Friedrich was a textile merchant Röntgen was known as Willi by his parents
I feel I have a connection with him now, so for the rest of this power point I will do the same.
Education When Willi first began his academic career, he
attended the primary public school in Apeldoorn, Netherlands
In an attempt to increase his chances for receiving further schooling, his parents enrolled him in a private boarding school called Kostschool
In 1865 at the age of 20 Willi enrolled at the University of Utrecht to study physics
He received his PhD in Mechanical Engineering in 1869 for his thesis on the states of gases
Willi the Trouble Maker Believe it or not, Willi got into a
little bit of trouble as a young man
The story…Willi, who was around 17 at the
time, and his buddies were making fun of one of their teachers at school
They drew a funny picture of this teacher (so childish…yet something that happens all of the time, sorry Dr. Waite)
The Teacher walked into the room and immediately blamed Willi
Artist’s rendition of sketch
Willi the Trouble Maker
It wasn’t actually Willi who drew the pictureBeing the good friend that he was, he took the blame
without a fight Willi was then expelled from school making it
nearly impossible to for him to get into a university
He then attempted to make it back into schoolThe plan was for him test his way into a similar
school
Willi the Trouble Maker
Unfortunately, the proctor he planned on having got sick and he ended up with a different one
This replacement was a teacher that had been very unfriendly to Willi throughout this entire ordeal
Willi failedEven without his high school
diploma he was allowed to audit
several courses on Mechanical Engineering
at the University of UtrechtEventually he was permitted to enroll in the
institute and continued his education
Imagine Imagine if our good friend Willi never got back
into school again We might not have his amazing discovery of X-
rays People would currently be walking around with
broken limbs without ever knowing THE HORROR Seriously though, that could have been the end
of all of his academic pursuits By a stroke of good fortune Wilhelm Röntgen
was able to restart his academic career
Willi’s one True Love During his time in school he spent
many nights talking science and intellect with Otto Ludwig, a “professor” at the university
Ludwig had a second daughter named Anna Bertha Ludwig who frequently sat in on these conversations
Both Willi and Bertha loved the outdoors and took nature walks together
The sparks flew and their love for one another grew
They eventually tied the knot in Apeldoorn, Netherlands on January 19, 1872
Anna Bertha Ludwig
Early Jobs Röntgen first became an assistant to August
Kundt, a professor of physics at the University of WürzbergThis helped him realize his interest in the pure
sciences He moved with Kundt to the Kaiser-Wilhelms-
Universität in Strasbourg in 1872 Eventually was appointed the Chair of Physics at
the University of Würzberg 1888 After jumping around for a few years he finally
settled in at the University of Munich in 1900
The University of Munich
Unfortunately this picture is not from the correct time period
His Contribution to Modern Physics Wilhelm Röntgen discovered X-rays on
November 8th, 1895 While performing an experiment in his laboratory
that night, he accidentally discovered these rays Because of this discovery, the treatment of many
health issues have been possibleExamples: Broken bones and lupusIn addition, this makes it now possible to locate
objects inside of a body, like a bulletIt is far easier to surgically remove objects like these
once they have been located by X-rays
The Experiment Röntgen covered his cathode ray tube in thick, black
carbon, to block out all light He shot rays out of a cathode ray tube
He was not expecting anything spectacular to happen at this moment
He saw a green light appear some enormous distance awayBy enormous we mean that cathode rays had never been
observed at such a great distance before He repeated the experiment to see if it was a fluke He observed that when a plate covered in barium
platinocyanide phosphor was placed in the path of the rays, it became fluorescent
The Experiment He then replaced this plate with a photographic
plate to record the images. He held different objects in the path of the rays and
was fascinated by the resultsDepending on the transparency of the material, the plates
would burn an image of varying brightness He experimented with many different objects
This includes his wife’s hand○ The image produced (next page) was of the bones in her
hand and the ring she was wearing○ Notice how the ring is much darker than everything else
Since Röntgen didn’t have a name for these rays, he called them X-rays
Anna Bertha Röntgen’s Hand
The hand and a stamp cut off from the bottom of the image
Recreation of His Laboratory
Other Accomplishments
Willi published many scientific articles and papers throughout his lifeThese include: “On the Influence of Pressure
upon the Viscosity of Liquids, especially of Water” and “On the Thermo-, Actino-, and Piezo-electrical Properties of Quartz”
He Won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1901 for his discovery of X-rays
Willi and his wife Bertha adopted Bertha’s niece Josephine Berta
His Last Days
At the age of 77 Willi hiked up his favorite mountain once more to see the awe inspiring view it gave
Shortly after his last hike he started to suffer from intestinal pain and asthmatic attacks
He died on February 10, 1923 from what doctors diagnosed as a blocked intestine
Affecting Modern Day Technology
Almost everyone has had an X-ray at some point in their life
When most people have symptoms of broken bones, they need X-rays
Without Röntgen who knows if this would be possible today
His discovery of X-rays caused countless scientists to turn their attention to phenomena like itIt is very logical to claim that his
discovery influenced the science behind so many others
Works Cited "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1901". Nobelprize.org. 28 Apr 2011
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1901/
Thomsen, Volker. “Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen and the Discovery of X-Rays. (Cover Story).” Spectroscopy 23.7 (2008): 30-34. Academic
Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 28 Apr. 2011.
Nitske, W. Robert. The Life of Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen, Discoverer of the X Ray,. Tucson: University of Arizona, 1971. Print.