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Cascade Siskiyou National Monument Kit
Butterfly Bingo – Page 1
Butterfly Bingo
Overview:
The Lepidoptera order, including butterflies, skippers and moths, demonstrates very well the diversity that exists within a single order of organisms at Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument. Students discover the rich diversity of this order through games of bingo, using butterfly species found at the monument. The characteristics, food preferences or habitats are presented, then the students match these to butterflies on the bingo sheets.
Background Information:
The biodiversity of a region includes all life (the animals
and plants including insects, fungi and bacteria) as well as the
interactions between all that life and the habitats in that region. In
2002, by presidential proclamation, President Clinton created
Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument to preserve the large amount
of biodiversity in this region. Nearly 120 different species of
butterflies live in Cascade-Siskiyou NM. This is one of the highest
degrees of diversity for butterflies in the United States.
There are over 700 butterfly species in North America, most
visible through spring and summer. The Lepidoptera order includes
butterflies, skippers and moths. Most moths have furry bodies and
feathered antenna while butterflies have smooth bodies and slim
antenna. Butterflies are predominantly diurnal, flying during the
day, while moths are predominately nocturnal. Butterflies tend to
create a chrysalis while moths tend to spin cocoons. Skippers fall
into the middle of these general descriptions. They are diurnal and
have slim antenna like the “true” butterflies but their bodies are
often furry like the moths. Most skippers create chrysalises but
some create cocoons. These differences are generalizations and
there are exceptions within each category.
Objectives: 1. Students will identify
species within the
Lepidoptera order by matching the species
names and
characteristics through a game of bingo
2. Students can
recognize and properly
name at least 3 different butterflies found at
Cascade-Siskiyou NM
Materials: Bingo Cards
Tokens
Butterfly sheets
Eco-region Map
Duration: 20 - 40 minutes
Alignment to
Oregon State
Standards:
Science 5.2L.1, Science 5.1, SS.05.GE.03.03
Mardon Skipper
(Photo by Erik Renquist)
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Butterfly Bingo – Page 2
Lepidoptera follow a multiple stage lifecycle where the organism completely metamorphoses
(the body of the juvenile and the body of the adult look completely different). The female lays
eggs on a host plant. The larvae, commonly known as a caterpillars or worms, hatch and eat
until they are big enough and mature enough to metamorphose. The larva, then, creates a
chrysalis or a cocoon and pupates until the metamorphosis is complete. The adult butterfly or
moth will then emerge. This full lifecycle can last just a few weeks or over a year depending on
the species.
Cascade-Siskiyou NM is in a unique geological area. The geologic convergence of four
different eco-regions, the Sierra Nevada Mountains, the Cascade Mountains, the Klamath
Siskiyou Mountains, and the Great Basin Desert, come together, or converge, in this area.
Species, such as butterflies, are associated with different geological ecoregions. When the
different regions converge many species that are normally not found near each other will be
found in the same area. This sort of convergence can be seen on a smaller scale along the border
between a forest and a meadow. More species are found along that border than in the forest or in
the meadow because the habitats converge there. This convergence creates the incredible
diversity of butterflies and other species found at Cascade-Siskiyou NM.
Vocabulary: Ecoregion – large areas of land that share similar characteristics like the geology
(rocks), species and habitats located there. Biodiversity - all the different animals, plants and other life found in a region as well as
the interactions between the species and their habitats.
Convergence – an area where different ecoregions overlap.
Species – a types of living organisms including animals, plants, fungi and bacteria.
Lepidoptera – order of insects that include butterflies, skippers and moths.
Butterfly – the flying adult stage of an insect that follows a metamorphic lifecycle.
Caterpillar – the larval stage of an insect that follows a metamorphic lifecycle. Similar
to a worm with small legs, eats vegetation.
Host Plant – the plant that a butterfly lays the eggs on and the caterpillar needs to eat to
survive.
Chrysalis – housing for the pupa form between the adult and larval stage of most
butterflies; formed from the exoskeleton of the caterpillar.
Cocoon – housing for the pupa form between the adult and larval stage of most moths;
formed from silk and sometimes plant material.
Metamorphism – the complete change in body type and function of an organism
between the juvenile and adult stages.
Introduction: 1. Ask the students what they think of butterflies. Have a short (3 to 5 min.) discussion on
what butterflies are and what butterflies mean to the students.
2. Define biodiversity as all the different animals, plants and other life found in a region as
well as the different interactions between the species and their habitats. (Example: The
biodiversity of the classroom would include all the animals, plants, insects and micro-
organisms in that classroom along with all the interactions between the organisms)
Cascade Siskiyou National Monument Kit
Butterfly Bingo – Page 3
3. Show a map of the Cascade Siskiyou National Monument with the ecoregions of the
mountain ranges and the desert marked on the map. Explain that ecoregions (represented
by the arrows) are large areas that share similar characteristics like the species and
habitats there. Ask: where do you think the largest number of different species would be
found? (Sample answer: the area where the arrows meet)
4. Explain that because of this convergence at Cascade-Siskiyou NM, it is a “hot spot” for
butterflies. There is a larger number of butterfly species, or larger than average diversity,
living at the monument. The average number of butterfly species in a wilderness area is
less than 100. At Cascade-Siskiyou NM there are more than 120 species of butterflies.
5. Tell the students that they are going to explore some of that butterfly diversity while
playing a game of bingo.
Activity: 1. Provide each student with a butterfly bingo card and tokens for covering the squares.
2. If needed explain the rules to bingo. Explain that a BINGO is a complete row up, down
or diagonal. Mix up the butterfly cards.
3. Pick a butterfly card (or have a student pick).
4. Read the information on the card and show the picture.
5. Students that have that butterfly on their cards cover the butterfly with one of the tokens.
6. Repeat steps 3 – 5 until someone calls out “BINGO”.
7. To check if the student successfully got bingo, have the student name the covered
butterflies and one fact about them. Other students may raise hands and be called on to
help answer.
8. Start over and play another round. Continue as long as desired.
9. While playing discuss different aspects of the butterflies.
Assessment:
Assessment is provided when the students are able to name butterflies after achieving BINGO.
Further discussion questions (and possible answers):
Why are there so many different types of butterflies at Cascade Siskiyou NM? What are some of the reasons for the rich diversity? Within these geographically converging ecoregions a greater amount of biodiversity is
found since habitats for many species overlap, thus butterflies with different requirements
and habitats will be found living relatively close to each other. Most butterflies rely on
one or a small number of different host plants. In the Cascade-Siskiyou NM there is a
very large diversity of plant life thus there is a larger variety of host plants available for
the butterflies. Why is this rich diversity important?
Having an increased number of species often allows an area to be more resilient to
disturbances, since more than one species may play the same role in that particular area.
What are some ideas that we can do to help assure the continued diverse richness?
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Butterfly Bingo – Page 4
Let our family, friends and neighbors know about the special butterflies living among us. Plant host plants and nectar plants for the butterflies in parks and gardens. Pull non-native plant species that keep the native host species from growing. Protect land for the butterflies and the plants they need to survive.
Variations and extensions:
For younger ages read the name and show the picture for the students to match. For older grades read information first, then name, then picture and see how quickly the students can correctly identify the right butterfly. Have students raise a hand and guess with the right butterfly.
Each student can choose a butterfly from the game and write about it. Writing can be a short report, a story or a poem. Writing should demonstrate the interconnectedness with a diversity of other organisms.
Hand out copies of the outline drawings of some butterflies (outline drawings provided) for the students to color. For an extra challenge, make copies of the outline drawings without the species names and have the students identify the butterflies using the cards.
Have students research one of the butterflies, then write and or draw a life cycle of the butterfly, including the correct host species for the caterpillar and nectar plants for the adult butterfly.
Have the students create awareness posters encouraging people to plant butterfly gardens for one or more butterflies. The posters should include both the host and nectar plants for the butterflies.
Use copies of the bingo cards or the provided species check list and have the students check off butterflies they see around the school yard, at home or other places they visit.
Useful Websites Butterflies and Moths of North America - http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org
North American Butterfly Association - http://www.naba.org/
The Children’s Butterfly Site - http://www.kidsbutterfly.org/
The Lepidopterists’ Society, Educational Resources -
http://www.lepsoc.org/education.php
Raising Butterflies - http://www.raisingbutterflies.org/
Cascade Siskiyou National Monument Kit
Butterfly Bingo – Page 5
Taxonomy Information Kingdom – Animalia Phylum – Arthropoda Class – Insecta Order – Lepidoptera Family – 6 Families of butterflies and skippers* Hesperiidae (skippers) Papilionidae (swallowtails) Pieridae (whites and sulfurs) Lycaenidae (gossamer wings, blues and coppers) Riodinidae (metalmarks) Nymphalidae (brushfoots) Taxonomy information from: http://www.learnaboutbutterflies.com/Taxonomy%202.htm
*Are skippers considered butterflies? Yes and no. Yes: Lepidoptera is commonly divided into moths and butterflies. In this division, skippers fall under the butterfly category. Butterfly field guides and websites include the skipper and many don’t make any distinction between skippers and butterflies. No: The Order Lepidoptera has been divided into 35 superfamilies. Of these superfamilies, Papilionoidea contains the 5 true butterfly families, and Hesperoidea contains the skipper family. The other 33 superfamilies are considered moths.
Credits Species information from the following sites: Art Shapiro’s Butterfly Site at http://butterfly.ucdavis.edu/ Butterflies and Moths at http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/ The Bug Guide at http://bugguide.net/node/view/57/bgpage Raising Butterflies at http://www.raisingbutterflies.org/ Butterflies of the Pacific Northwest by William Neill
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Butterfly Bingo – Page 6
Regional butterfly and skipper check list for Jackson County.
Generated by the BAMONA database at the Butterflies and Moths of North America website
(http://www.butterfliesandmoths.org/)
Hesperiidae Skippers
Epargyreus clarus Silver-spotted Skipper
Thorybes pylades Northern Cloudywing
Thorybes diversus Western Cloudywing
Erynnis icelus Dreamy Duskywing
Erynnis propertius Propertius Duskywing
Erynnis pacuvius Pacuvius Duskywing
Erynnis persius Persius Duskywing
Pyrgus ruralis Two-banded Checkered-
Skipper
Pyrgus communis Common Checkered-
Skipper
Carterocephalus palaemon Arctic Skipper
Hesperia juba Juba Skipper
Hesperia colorado Western Branded
Skipper
Hesperia columbia Columbian Skipper
Hesperia lindseyi Lindsey's Skipper
Atalopedes campestris Sachem
Polites sabuleti Sandhill Skipper
Polites mardon Mardon Skipper
Polites sonora Sonora Skipper
Ochlodes sylvanoides Woodland Skipper
Ochlodes agricola Rural Skipper
Euphyes vestris Dun Skipper
Amblyscirtes vialis Common Roadside-
Skipper
Papilionidae Parnassians and
Swallowtails
Parnassius clodius Clodius Parnassian
Parnassius smintheus Rocky Mountain
Parnassian
Battus philenor Pipevine Swallowtail
Papilio zelicaon Anise Swallowtail
Papilio indra Indra Swallowtail
Papilio rutulus Western Tiger Swallowtail
Papilio eurymedon Pale Swallowtail
Papilio multicaudata Two-tailed
Swallowtail
Pieridae Whites and Sulphurs
Anthocharis sara Pacific Orangetip
Anthocharis lanceolata Gray Marble
Euchloe ausonides Large Marble
Euchloe hyantis California Marble
Neophasia menapia Pine White
Pieris marginalis Margined White
Pieris rapae Cabbage White
Pontia beckerii Becker's White
Pontia protodice Checkered White
Pontia occidentalis Western White
Pontia sisymbrii Spring White
Colias philodice Clouded Sulphur
Colias eurytheme Orange Sulphur
Colias occidentalis Western Sulphur
Lycaenidae Gossamer-wing
Butterflies
Lycaena arota Tailed Copper
Lycaena xanthoides Great Copper
Lycaena editha Edith's Copper
Lycaena gorgon Gorgon Copper
Lycaena heteronea Blue Copper
Lycaena helloides Purplish Copper
Lycaena nivalis Lilac-bordered Copper
Lycaena mariposa Mariposa Copper
Habrodais grunus Golden Hairstreak
Atlides halesus Great Purple Hairstreak
Callophrys affinis Western Green Hairstreak
Callophrys sheridanii Sheridan's Green
Hairstreak
Callophrys nelsoni Nelson's Hairstreak
Callophrys spinetorum Thicket Hairstreak
Callophrys johnsoni Johnson's Hairstreak
Callophrys augustinus Brown Elfin
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Butterfly Bingo – Page 7
Callophrys mossii Moss' Elfin
Callophrys eryphon Western Pine Elfin
Satyrium titus Coral Hairstreak
Satyrium californica California Hairstreak
Satyrium sylvinus Sylvan Hairstreak
Satyrium tetra Mountain Mahogany
Hairstreak
Satyrium saepium Hedgerow Hairstreak
Satyrium behrii Behr's Hairstreak
Satyrium fuliginosum Sooty Hairstreak
Strymon melinus Gray Hairstreak
Cupido comyntas Eastern Tailed-Blue
Cupido amyntula Western Tailed-Blue
Celastrina ladon Spring Azure
Glaucopsyche piasus Arrowhead Blue
Glaucopsyche lygdamus Silvery Blue
Euphilotes battoides Western Square-dotted
Blue
Euphilotes intermedia Intermediate Dotted-
Blue
Euphilotes enoptes Pacific Dotted-Blue
Euphilotes ancilla Rocky Mountain Dotted-
Blue
Plebejus idas Northern Blue
Plebejus melissa Melissa Blue (includes
Karner Blue)
Plebejus saepiolus Greenish Blue
Plebejus icarioides Boisduval's Blue
Plebejus acmon Acmon Blue
Plebejus lupini Lupine Blue
Plebejus podarce Sierra Nevada Blue
Riodinidae Metalmarks
Apodemia mormo Mormon Metalmark
Nymphalidae Brush-footed
Butterflies
Danaus plexippus Monarch
Speyeria cybele Great Spangled Fritillary
Speyeria coronis Coronis Fritillary
Speyeria zerene Zerene Fritillary
Speyeria callippe Callippe Fritillary
Speyeria egleis Great Basin Fritillary
Speyeria hesperis Northwestern Fritillary
Speyeria hydaspe Hydaspe Fritillary
Boloria epithore Pacific Fritillary
Limenitis lorquini Lorquin's Admiral
Adelpha californica California Sister
Chlosyne leanira Leanira Checkerspot
Chlosyne hoffmanni Hoffmann's
Checkerspot
Chlosyne palla Northern Checkerspot
Phyciodes orseis California Crescent
Phyciodes mylitta Mylitta Crescent
Phyciodes pulchella Field Crescent
Euphydryas editha Edith's Checkerspot
Euphydryas chalcedona Chalcedon
Checkerspot
Euphydryas colon Colon Checkerspot
Junonia coenia Common Buckeye
Polygonia satyrus Satyr Comma
Polygonia faunus Green Comma
Polygonia gracilis Hoary Comma
Polygonia progne Gray Comma
Aglais milberti Milbert's Tortoiseshell
Nymphalis antiopa Mourning Cloak
Nymphalis californica California
Tortoiseshell
Vanessa atalanta Red Admiral
Vanessa cardui Painted Lady
Vanessa annabella West Coast Lady
Vanessa virginiensis American Lady
Coenonympha tullia Common Ringlet
Oeneis nevadensis Great Arctic
Cercyonis pegala Common Wood-Nymph
Cercyonis sthenele Great Basin Wood-
Nymph
Cercyonis oetus Small Wood-Nymph