Business/Community LeadersJapanese Language School Instructors Religious Leaders By evening of December 7, 1941, the FBI hadtaken 736 Japanese aliens into custody. ByDecember 11th that number had grown to1370.

Immediate FBI Roundup after Pearl Harbor

FBI search of Japanese Homes

Japanese taken in surprise raids by the FBINear Santa Barbara, CA

February 19, 1942 President Franklin D.Roosevelt issues E.O. 9066 which ordersremoval of all persons of Japanese ancestryfrom West Coast areas 120,000 Japanese Americans immediatelyhad their civil rights suspended Two thirds were citizens born in the U.S.

Executive Order 9066

Forced Sale or liquidation of businesses andHomesRequired registration was the first step

towardRemovalSo-called “voluntary evacuation” period108 Civilian Exclusion Orders were issued

Civilian Exclusion Orders

Decision To Imprison A People

•Forced Removal Necessary•First Stop – Temporary Assembly Centers•The Ten Permanent War Relocation CentersManzanar, Tule Lake, Poston, Gila River,Minidoka, Heart Mtn., Granada, Topaz,Rohwer, Jerome.

Tanforan

Barracks for Homes250-300 per Block of 12 barracksOutside Latrines/WashroomsMess HallsLoss of PrivacyInclimate weather, dust, desolationGuard Towers

Life Behind Barbed Wire

Attempt to be ‘normal’Schools, Churches, Civic AssociationsCamp Council Form of GovernmentSports, RecreationLines for everythingDisruption of Family LifeAll adults were assigned jobs

Life in Camp

Topaz, 4th Grade Class, Desert View Elementary

Houses?!?!

#27. Willing to serve in Armed Forces? #28. Swear unqualified allegiance to UnitedStates and forswear any form of allegiance toany other organization?

Question Of Loyalty

Some 25,000 Japanese Americans servedduring WWIIThe Draft : December 1943, JA’s reclassifiedto permit drafting into military serviceOpposition to the draft. What would you do?Heart Mountain Resistors315 Refused Induction, 263 Convicted of

DraftEvasion, Three-year jail sentences

Japanese Americansin the Military

Combined 100th Battalion / 442nd Regimental

Combat Team, was most decorated unitNever numbering more than 4,500, earnedover 18,000 individual decorations, sufferedcasualty rate of 300 percentImportance of JA Military Intelligence

Japanese Americans in Combat

Japanese would voluntarily move because it was safer for them in the camps. They were fenced in and bullies were fenced out.

Topaz impacted Utah because Utahans got to meet them and actually know and like them (perceptions changed), they became the farm labor force so man could go to war or go to college, and they decided to stay in Utah

ON TEST

Concentration Camps- 1. Purpose was to kill 2. Dehumanized (shaved, numbers instead of names, starved) 3. Separated families and genders 4. All their belongings taken away

Internment Camps- 1. Lived as family 2. Normal as possible (school, clubs, churches) 3. Were often released daily to work 4. Kept all their belongs.

SIMILARITY- Both picked on ethnicity and imprisoned them out of fear with no solid proof.

On Test