Business information systems development
-
Upload
adelinapredescu -
Category
Documents
-
view
222 -
download
0
Transcript of Business information systems development
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
1/29
Slide 7.1
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
Part Business information
systems development
"ha#ter 7
An introduction to acquiringand developing BIS
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
2/29
Slide 7.
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
Learning objectives
$ %&ter this lecture, you 'ill (e a(le to) * e+aluate the di&&erent alternati+es &or acuirin- BS/
* distin-uish (et'een the ty#ical sta-es in+ol+ed in
(uildin- BS/
* e0#lain the #ur#ose o& each sta-e in (uildin- a
system/
* select the (est alternati+e ty#e o& a##roach or
methodolo-y &or (uildin- a BS.
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
3/29
Slide 7.
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
Management issues
2rom a mana-erial #ers#ecti+e, this lectureaddresses the &ollo'in- areas)
$ 3hat are the alternati+es &or systems acuisitionand ho' is the most suita(le a##roach selected4
$ 3hat alternati+e models are there &or the di&&erent
sta-es &or introducin- a BS4 3hich is most
a##ro#riate4
$ 3hich acti+ities need to occur at each sta-e &or
the #roject to (e success&ul4
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
4/29
Slide 7.
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
2i-ure 7.1 6ri+ers &or in&ormation systems auisition
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
5/29
Slide 7.5
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
“information into a single application wasessential in order to enable meaningfulinterrogation of the data. This not only
proved time consuming but increased the potential risk of error and the time takento act on results.” Today, each care home can now log intothe system and complete the information.The data is then validated by the systemand is immediately available for analysis
and central reporting purposes.
"We have greater dataconsistency and as a resultwe have already seen a
25 drop in complaints.”
!ur carbon foot printing software helps you measure manage and reduce yourorganisation#s carbon footprint.
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
6/29
Slide 7.
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
Introducing BIS acquisition
$ BIS acquisition) 8he #rocess o& e+aluatin- andim#lementation &or a BS.
6escri(es the method o& o(tainin- an in&ormation
system &or a (usiness. 8he main choices are)
$ 9&&:the:shel& ;#acka-ed<
$ Bes#oke ;tailor:made< a##lications de+elo#ed (y an
in:house 8 de#artment or a so&t'are house$ Systems de+elo#ed (y end:user ;i.e) S=8
#ro&essionals
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
7/29
Slide 7.7
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
2i-ure 7. %n e0am#le o& a ty#ical e+aluation o& alternati+es &or BS acuisition
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
8/29
Slide 7.>
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
1. Bespoke development
$ Bespoke development) %n S is de+elo#ed ?&romscratch@ (y an S #ro&essional to suit the (usiness
reuirements o& the a##lication.
$ Bene&its)
* 8ailored to reuirements o& (usiness
* Aay con&er s#eci&ic com#etiti+e ad+anta-e.
$ Pro(lems)
* E0#ense * Aost e0#ensi+e 'ay o& de+elo#in- a ne'
in&ormation system
* 8ime * 6e+elo#ment is o&ten delayed
* uality * So&t'are code may contains (u-s.
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
9/29
Slide 7.C
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
. !ff"t#e"s#elf purc#ase
$ !ff"t#e"s#elf purc#ase) %n acuisition method thatin+ol+es direct #urchase o& a #re:'ritten a##lication
used (y more than one com#any.
$ Bene&its)
* 8ime * uick #urchase * "ost * Lo' cost due to economies o& scale
* uality * Should o&&er sta(ility and (e &eature:rich.
$ 6is(ene&its)
* Aay omit some &eatures s#eci&ically reuired (y
indi+idual customer
* Deuires chan-es to #rocess to meet needs o&
so&t'are.
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
10/29
Slide 7.1!
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
. !ff"t#e"s#elf purc#ase $%ontinued&
$ % tailored off-the-shelf #urchase is an o&&:the:shel&#urchase that has s#eci&ic #ro-rammin-
de+elo#ment or e0tensi+e con&i-uration tailored to
the needs o& the customer.
$ % component off-the-shelf #urchase is an o&&:the:shel& #urchase that can (e con&i-ured usin-
#re:'ritten modules.
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
11/29
Slide 7.11
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
'. (nd"user"developed soft)are
$ (nd"user"developed soft)are) So&t'are 'ritten (ynon:S #ro&essionals, i.e. the (usiness users.
$ Bene&its)
* 8ailored to the needs o& end:users
* 9&ten relati+ely &ast.
$ Pro(lems)
* Aay not achie+e 'ider (usiness o(jecti+es
*uality may (e a #ro(lem 'hen 'ritten (y non:S#ro&essional. Aaintenance may (e di&&icult.
Slid 7 1
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
12/29
Slide 7.1
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
!t#er factors affecting selection
$ Sie o& the or-anisation) large, medium or small.
$ Sie o& in:house 8 ca#a(ility) the expertise within the
organisations to make effectie procurement decisions
$ "om#le0ity o& in&ormation system ;are there s#ecial
issues &or the market the com#any o#erates in
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
13/29
Slide 7.1
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
Summary * acquisition alternatives
8a(le 7.1 %n e+aluation o& alternati+es &or BS acuisition
Slide 7 1
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
14/29
Slide 7.1
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
Systems development lifecycle $S+L%&) %ny
in&ormation systems #roject &ollo's a lo-ical serieso& de+elo#ment #hases. 8hese are kno'n as the
systems de+elo#ment li&ecycle.
S+L% stages)$ Initiation, a start u# #hase in res#onse to a (usiness #ro(lem or o##ortunity/$ -easibility study, to determine the +ia(ility o& the #ro#osed systems
de+elo#ment/$ System analysis) analysis o& (usiness reuirements/$ Systems design, to s#eci&y ho' the system 'ill deli+er the stated reuirements/$ System build, the desi-n is trans&ormed into a #hysical system (y #ro-rammin-,
testin- and creation o& data(ases/$ Implementation and c#angeover, the or-anisation mo+es &rom installin- and
testin- the in&ormation system to o#eratin- in a li+e (usiness en+ironment/$ evie) and maintenance, the success o& the system is measured a-ainst the
ori-inal reuirements and modi&ications are made o+er its li&etime.
Systems development lifecycle $S+L%&
Slide 7 15
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
15/29
Slide 7.15
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
Soft)are acquisition and t#e systems
development lifecycle
$ 8he systems de+elo#ment li&ecycle ;S6L"< model 'as
de+elo#ed and launched (y the Fational "om#utin-
"entre in the in 1CC. 8he S6L" a##roach reco-nises
that systems are de+elo#ed in a series o& ste#s or #hases
and that each #hase needs to (e com#leted (e&ore thene0t one commences.
$ Deco-nition is also -i+en to the &act that the #ro-rammin-
acti+ity ;#art o& the (uild #hase< should only commence
once user reuirements ha+e (een determined and thesystem desi-n #roduced. 2i-ure 7. illustrates the normal
ste#s &ound in the systems de+elo#ment li&ecycle.
Slide 7 1
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
16/29
Slide 7.1
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
2i-ure 7. 8he systems de+elo#ment li&ecycle ;S6L"<
Slide 7 17
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
17/29
Slide 7.17
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
Initiation p#ase
$ Initiation p#ase) * 8he start:u# #hase in an S de+elo#ment #roject.
ts aims are to esta(lish 'hether the #roject is
&easi(le and then #re#are to ensure the #roject is
success&ul.$ Initiation p#ase conte/t)
* n#ut) creati+e thou-ht and=or systematic
e+aluation o& S needs.
* 9ut#ut) idea &or initiation o& a ne' in&ormation
system.
Slide 7 1>
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
18/29
Slide 7.1>
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
-easibility assessment
$ -easibility assessment) %n acti+ity at the start o& a#roject to ensure that the #roject is a +ia(le (usiness
#ro#osition. 8he &easi(ility re#ort analyses the need
&or and im#act o& the system and considers di&&erent
alternati+es &or acuirin- so&t'are.
$ -easibility assessment conte/t)
* n#ut) idea &or initiation o& a ne' in&ormation system.
* 9ut#ut) &easi(ility re#ort and recommendation to
#roceed.
Slide 7.1C
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
19/29
Slide 7.1C
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
Systems analysis
$ Systems analysis) 8he ca#ture o& the (usiness
reuirements o& a system &rom talkin- to or o(ser+in-
end:users and usin- other in&ormation sources such
as e0istin- system documentation. 6e&ines what the
system 'ill do.
$ Systems analysis conte/t)
* n#ut) terms o& re&erence in &easi(ility re#ort descri(in-
outline reuirements. * 9ut#ut) detailed reuirements s#eci&ication
summarisin- system &unctions. Su##orted (y dia-rams
sho'in- the in&ormation &lo' and #rocesses that are
reuired.
Slide 7.!
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
20/29
Slide 7.!
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
Systems design
$ Systems design) 6e&ines how the system 'ill 'ork
in key areas o& user inter&ace, #ro-ram modules,
security and data(ase structure and transactions.
$ Systems design conte/t)
* n#ut) reuirements s#eci&ication.
* 9ut#ut) detailed desi-n s#eci&ication.
Slide 7.1
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
21/29
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
System build
$ System build) 6escri(es the creation o& so&t'are (y
#ro-rammers. t in+ol+es 'ritin- the so&t'are code
;#ro-rammin-
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
22/29
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
System implementation
$ System implementation) n+ol+es the transition orchan-eo+er &rom the old system to the ne' and the
#re#aration &or this such as makin- sure the hard'are
and net'ork in&rastructure &or a ne' system are in
#lace/ testin- o& the system/ and also human issueso& ho' (est to educate and train sta&& 'ho 'ill (e
usin- or a&&ected (y the ne' system.
$ System implementation conte/t)
* n#ut) 'orkin- system, not tested (y users. * 9ut#ut) si-ned:o&&, o#erational in&ormation system
installed in all locations.
Slide 7.
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
23/29
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
evie) and maintenance
$ 9nce an in&ormation system is o#eratin- under li+erunnin- conditions, it 'ill (e ine+ita(le that chan-es
'ill (e reuired o+er time. 8he maintenance #hase
in+ol+es t'o di&&erent ty#es o& maintenance.
$ ?n#roducti+e maintenance@, stems &rom errors oro+ersi-hts in the ori-inal systems de+elo#ment
'hich, 'hile not #re+entin- the system o#eratin- to
an acce#ta(le le+el, are still necessary to correct &or
it to con&orm 'ith the ori-inal s#eciIcation.$ 8he second &orm o& maintenance in+ol+es the
addition o& ne' &eatures and &acilities that e0tend the
sco#e and &unctionality o& the in&ormation system.
Slide 7.
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
24/29
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
apid applications development $A+&
$ apid applications development $A+&) % method o&
de+elo#in- in&ormation systems 'hich uses #rototy#in- toachie+e user in+ol+ement and &aster de+elo#ment com#ared totraditional methodolo-ies such as SS%6A.
$ 0rototyping) % #rototy#e is a #reliminary +ersion o& #art o& a&rame'ork o& all o& an in&ormation system 'hich can (e re+ie'ed
(y end:users. Prototy#in- is an iterati+e #rocess 'here userssu--est modi&ications (e&ore &urther #rototy#es and the &inalin&ormation system is (uilt.
$ "haracteristics
* Da#id
* Small teams
* ser in+ol+ement
* 2reuent re+ie' and testin-.
Slide 7.5
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
25/29
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
2i-ure 7.5 8he role o& #rototy#in- 'ithin the systems de+elo#ment li&ecycle
Slide 7.
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
26/29
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
Spiral model
$ Spiral model ) %n iterati+e systems de+elo#ment in'hich the sta-es o& analysis, desi-n, code and re+ie'
re#eat as ne' &eatures &or the system are identi&ied.
$ 8he &our main acti+ities o& this model are as &ollo's)
* Planning * settin- #roject o(jecti+es, de&inin-alternati+es.
* !isk analysis * analysis o& alternati+es and the
identi&ication and solution o& risks.
* "ngineering * eui+alent to the (uild #hase o& theS6L" 'ith codin- and testin-.
* #ustomer ealuation * testin- o& the #roduct (y
customers.
Slide 7.7
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
27/29
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
Agile and lean soft)are development
$ 8he lean a##roach to so&t'are de+elo#ment em#hasises 'hat isessentially an incremental a##roach to so&t'are de+elo#ment 'here
so&t'are is de+elo#ed and de#loyed in small and use&ul &eature sets
'hich 'ork incrementally. 8his ?&eed(ack:dri+en@ a##roach to so&t'are
de+elo#ment is in contrast to the traditional 'ater&all model 'here
so&t'are de+elo#ment #roceeds in a series o& discreet ste#s, each o&'hich should (e com#leted (e&ore the ne0t one can #roceed.
$ %-ile So&t'are 6e+elo#ment tends to relate more to the so&t'are
en-ineerin- as#ects o& systems de+elo#ment. 8he term ?%-ile
Aethods@ has (een around since !!1 and today encom#asses a
num(er o& a-ile so&t'are de+elo#ment methods includin- %da#ti+eSo&t'are 6e+elo#ment ;%S6
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
28/29
Bocij, Greasley and Hickie, Business Information Systems PowerPoints on the Web, 5th edition © Pearson Education Limited !15
+ynamic Systems +evelopment
Met#odology $+S+M&
$ +ynamic Systems +evelopment Met#odology
$+S+M&) % methodolo-y that descri(es ho' D%6 can
(e a##roached.
1. $ctie user inolement is imperatie.
. %S%& teams must be empowered to make
decisions.
. 'he focus is on fre(uent deliery of products .
. )itness for business purpose is the essentialcriterion for acceptance of delierables.
Slide 7.C
-
8/17/2019 Business information systems development
29/29
B ij G l d Hi ki B i I f ti S t P P i t th W b 5th diti © P Ed ti Li it d !15
5. Iteratie and incremental deelopment.
. $ll changes during deelopment are reersible.
7. !e(uirements are baselined at a high leel .
>. 'esting is integrated throughout the lifecycle.C. $ collaboratie and co-operatie approach between
all stakeholders is essential .
+ynamic Systems +evelopment
Met#odology $+S+M& $%ontinued&