Business and Specialized IS
description
Transcript of Business and Specialized IS
![Page 1: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Business and Specialized ISInformation and Decision Support
Systems
ทั�ศนวรรณ ศนย์�กลางภาคว�ชาคอมพิ�วเตอร� คณะ
ว�ทัย์าศาสตร�
![Page 2: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
เน��อหาบรรย์าย์• Overview of
Information Systems (IS)
• Information Technology Concepts
• Business and Specialized IS
• System Development• IS in Business and
Society Components of an IS2
![Page 3: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Business and Specialized IS
• Electronic and Mobile Commerce• Enterprise Systems• Information and Decision
Support Systems• Specialized IS
3
![Page 4: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Overview
• Decision Making and Problem Solving
• Management Information System (MIS)
• Decision Support System (DSS)• Specialized Support System
Group Support System (GSS) Executive Support System (ESS)
4
![Page 5: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Decision Making and
Problem Solving
![Page 6: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 6
Decision Making and Problem Solving
• Every organization needs effective decision making
• In most cases, strategic planning and overall goals of the organization set the course for decision making
![Page 7: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 7
Decision Making as a Component of Problem
Solving• Decision-making phase– Intelligence stage• Identify and define potential problems or
opportunities
–Design stage• Develop alternative solutions to the
problem and evaluate their feasibility
–Choice stage• Select a course of action
![Page 8: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
Decision Making as a Component of Problem Solving
![Page 9: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 9
Decision Making as a Component of Problem
Solving (continued)• Problem solving– Includes and goes beyond decision
making – Includes implementation stage
• Monitoring stage–Decision makers evaluate the
implementation
![Page 10: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 10
Programmed vs Non-programmed Decisions• Programmed decision–Made using a rule, procedure, or
quantitative method–Easy to computerize using traditional
information systems• Nonprogrammed decisions–Decision that deals with unusual or
exceptional situations–Not easily quantifiable
![Page 11: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 11
Optimization, Satisficing, and Heuristic Approaches• Optimization model
–Finds the best solution, usually the one that will best help the organization meet its goals
• Satisficing model–Finds a good, but not necessarily the best,
problem solution
• Heuristics–Commonly accepted guidelines or
procedures that usually find a good solution
![Page 12: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 12
Sense and Respond
• Sense and Respond (SaR) approach–Determining problems or opportunities
(sense)–Developing systems to solve the
problems or take advantage of the opportunities (respond)
• One way to implement SaR:–Through management information and
decision support systems
![Page 13: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
The Benefits of Information and Decision
Support Systems• Decision support systems– Performance is typically a function of
decision quality and problem complexity
• Problem complexity– Depends on how hard the problem is to
solve and implement
![Page 14: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
The Benefits of Information and Decision Support Systems
![Page 15: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Management Information
System (MIS)
![Page 16: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 16
An Overview of Management Information
Systems• Management information system
(MIS)– Integrated collection of people,
procedures, databases, and devices–Can give the organization a
competitive advantage
![Page 17: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 17
MIS in Perspective
• Purpose of an MIS –To help an organization achieve its
goals–Provide the right information to the
right person in the right format at the right time
![Page 18: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
MIS in Perspective
![Page 19: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 19
Inputs to a MIS
• Internal data sources–TPS and ERP systems and related databases–Data warehouses and data marts–Specific functional areas throughout the firm
• External data sources–Customers, suppliers, competitors, and
stockholders whose data is not already captured by the TPS– Internet–Extranets
![Page 20: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 20
Outputs of a MIS
• Scheduled reports• Demand reports• Exception reports• Drill-down reports
![Page 21: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 21
Characteristics of a MIS
• MISs perform the following functions:–Provide reports with fixed and standard
formats–Produce hard-copy and soft-copy reports–Use internal data stored in computer
system–Allow users to develop custom reports–Require user requests for reports
developed by systems personnel
![Page 22: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 22
Functional Aspects of the MIS
• Most organizations are structured along functional lines or areas
• MIS can be divided along functional lines to produce reports tailored to individual functions
![Page 23: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 23
Financial MIS
• Financial MIS–Provides financial information to
executives and others
• Some financial MIS subsystems and outputs–Profit/loss and cost systems–Auditing–Uses and management of funds
![Page 24: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 24
Manufacturing MIS
• Manufacturing MIS subsystems and outputs –Used to monitor and control the flow of
materials, products, and services through the organization
• Common information subsystems and outputs used in manufacturing–Design and engineering–Master production scheduling and inventory
control–Process control–Quality control and testing
![Page 25: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 25
Marketing MIS
• Marketing MIS–Supports managerial activities in product
development, distribution, pricing decisions, promotional effectiveness, and sales forecasting
• Subsystems–Marketing research–Product development–Promotion and advertising–Product pricing–Sales analysis
![Page 26: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 26
Human Resource MIS
• Concerned with activities related to employees and potential employees
• Subsystems–Human resource planning–Personnel selection and recruiting–Training and skills inventory–Scheduling and job placement–Wage and salary administration–Outplacement
![Page 27: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 27
Other MIS
• Accounting MIS–Provides aggregate information on
accounts payable, accounts receivable, payroll, and many other applications
• Geographic information system (GIS)–Capable of assembling, storing,
manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information
![Page 28: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Decision Support System (DSS)
![Page 29: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 29
An Overview of Decision Support Systems
• DSS–Organized collection of people,
procedures, software, databases, and devices used to help make decisions that solve problems–Used at all levels
• Focus of a DSS– Is on decision-making effectiveness
regarding unstructured or semistructured business problems
![Page 30: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 30
Characteristics of a DSS
• Provide rapid access to information• Handle large amounts of data from
different sources• Provide report and presentation
flexibility• Offer both textual and graphical
orientation• Support drill-down analysis
![Page 31: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 31
Capabilities of a DSS
• Support problem-solving phases• Support different decision
frequencies• Support different problem
structures• Support various decision-making
levels
![Page 32: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
Capabilities of a DSS
![Page 33: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
Capabilities of a DSS
![Page 34: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
A Comparison of DSS and MIS
• DSS differs from an MIS in numerous ways, including: – The type of problems solved– The support given to users– The decision emphasis and approach– The type, speed, output, and
development of the system used
![Page 35: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 35
Components of a DSS
• At the core of a DSS are a database and a model base
• Dialogue manager–Allows decision makers to easily
access and manipulate the DSS and to use common business terms and phrases
![Page 36: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
Components of a DSS
![Page 37: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 37
The Database
• Database management system–Allows managers and decision makers to
perform qualitative analysis on data stored in company’s databases, data warehouses, and data marts–Can also be used to connect to external
databases
• Data-driven DSS–Performs qualitative analysis based on the
company’s databases
![Page 38: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 38
The Model Base
• Model base–Allows managers and decision makers to
perform quantitative analysis on both internal and external data
• Model-driven DSS–Performs mathematical or quantitative
analysis
• Model management software (MMS)–Coordinates the use of models in a DSS
![Page 39: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
The Model Base (continued)
![Page 40: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 40
The User Interface or Dialogue Manager
• Allows users to interact with the DSS to obtain information
• Assists with all aspects of communications between user and hardware and software that constitute the DSS
![Page 41: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Group Support System (GSS)
![Page 42: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 42
Group Support Systems
• Group support system (GSS)–Consists of most elements in a
DSS, plus software to provide effective support in group decision making–Also called group decision support
system or computerized collaborative work system
![Page 43: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
Group Support System
![Page 44: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 44
Characteristics of a GSS That Enhance Decision
Making• Special design• Ease of use• Flexibility• Decision-making support–Delphi approach–Brainstorming–Group consensus approach–Nominal group technique
![Page 45: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 45
Characteristics of a GSS That Enhance Decision
Making (continued)• Anonymous input• Reduction of negative group
behavior• Parallel and unified
communication• Automated record keeping
![Page 46: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 46
GSS Software
• Often called groupware or workgroup software
• Helps with joint work group scheduling, communication, and management
• GSS software packages –Collabnet–Collabra Share–OpenMind–TeamWare
![Page 47: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 47
GSS Software (continued)
• GSSs use a number of tools, including: –E-mail, instant messaging (IM), and
text messaging (TM)–Videoconferencing–Group scheduling–Project management–Document sharing
![Page 48: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 48
GSS Alternatives
• Decision room–Decision makers are located in the
same building or geographic area–Decision makers are occasional users
of the GSS approach
• Local area decision network–Group members are located in the
same building or geographic area–Group decision making is frequent
![Page 49: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
GSS Alternatives
![Page 50: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 50
GSS Alternatives (continued)
• Teleconferencing–Decision frequency is low–Location of group members is
distant
• Wide area decision network–Decision frequency is high–Location of group members is
distant
![Page 51: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Executive Support System
(ESS)
![Page 52: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 52
Executive Support Systems
• Executive support system (ESS)–Specialized DSS– Includes hardware, software, data,
procedures, and people used to assist senior-level executives–Also called an executive
information system (EIS)
![Page 53: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition
Executive Support Systems
![Page 54: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 54
ESS in Perspective
• Characteristics of an ESS–Tailored to individual executives–Easy to use–Drill-down capabilities–Support need for external data–Can help with situations that have a high
degree of uncertainty–Have a future orientation–Linked with value-added business processes
![Page 55: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 55
Capabilities of ESS
• Support for defining overall vision
• Support for strategic planning • Support for strategic organizing
and staffing• Support for strategic control• Support for crisis management
![Page 56: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Summary
![Page 57: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 57
Summary• Problem solving –Begins with decision making– Includes implementation and monitoring–Decision making is a component
• Management information system– Integrated collection of people, procedures,
databases, and devices
• Data that enters the MIS –Originates from both internal and external
sources
![Page 58: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 58
Summary (continued)• Output of most MISs–Scheduled reports, key-indicator reports–Demand reports, exception reports–Drill-down reports
• Primary sources of input to functional MISs –Corporate strategic plan–Data from the ERP system and TPS– Information from supply chain and business
transactions–External sources including the Internet and
extranets
![Page 59: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 59
Summary (continued)• Components of a DSS–The database, model base, extranets,
networks–User interface or dialogue manager–Link to external databases, the Internet–The corporate intranet, extranets, networks
• Group support system (GSS)–Consists of most of the elements in a DSS,
plus software to provide effective support in group decision-making settings
![Page 60: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Principles of Information Systems, Ninth Edition 60
Summary (continued)
• Executive support systems (ESSs) –Specialized decision support
systems designed to meet the needs of senior management–Typically easy to use, offer a wide
range of computer resources, and handle a variety of internal and external data
![Page 61: Business and Specialized IS](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062519/56814d04550346895dba3087/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
References
61