Busey, Adam - Post operative course for common OR procedures A… · 6/16/2016 1 Post‐operative...

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6/16/2016 1 Postoperative Course for Common Ophthalmic Procedures Postoperative expectations differ based on individual patients and the type of procedure performed Benefits, risks and possible surgical outcomes must be thoroughly discussed with patients before surgery Following patients postoperatively can vary significantly as surgical techniques vary among physicians and no two procedures are exactly alike Patients after the operating room:

Transcript of Busey, Adam - Post operative course for common OR procedures A… · 6/16/2016 1 Post‐operative...

Page 1: Busey, Adam - Post operative course for common OR procedures A… · 6/16/2016 1 Post‐operative Course for Common Ophthalmic Procedures • Post‐operative expectations differ

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Post‐operative Course for Common Ophthalmic Procedures

• Post‐operative expectations differ based on individual patients and the type of procedure performed

• Benefits, risks and possible surgical outcomes must be thoroughly discussed with patients before surgery

• Following patients post‐operatively can vary significantly as surgical techniques vary among physicians and no two procedures are exactly alike

Patients after the operating room:

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• Decreased visual acuity

• Reduced contrast and color perception

• Increased glare

• Need for more light

• Decreased depth perception

Different Types of Cataract:

http://www.aao.org/topic‐detail/cataract‐‐middle‐eastnorth‐africa

NuclearPosterior Subcapsular Cataract

Cortical

http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/atlas/pages/posterior‐subcapsular‐cataract‐2.html

http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/atlas/pages/posterior‐subcapsular‐cataract‐2.html

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http://dro.hs.columbia.edu/sutural.htm

https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/687/flashcards/2627687/png/2714775_mv‐v15‐1407‐f3‐1425A9C4525684DAC44.png

http://dro.hs.columbia.edu/corticalcat.htm http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/atlas/pages/congen‐nuclear‐cataract/index.htm

Cataract Surgery

• Lens is broken up and removed by phacoemulsification

• An intraocular lens (IOL) is inserted

• Sutures may or may not be used

http://www.hines‐sight.com/images/iols.png

Cataract Surgery: Post‐op

POD#1: Visual acuity and IOP (intraocular pressure)

‐ Post‐operative eye drop schedule (Prednisolone taper, NSAID and antibiotic)

POW#1:  Visual acuity and intraocular pressure in one or both eyes

POW#4 ‐ 6: Full work‐up with refraction, glasses prescription issued if necessary

Generally followed at 6 months, then yearly thereafter

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Postoperative Expectations of Cataract Surgery:

• Vision is brighter/bluer

• Colors are more vibrant

• Increased contrast

• Less glare

• Many patients surprised with ease of post‐op

Post‐op Considerations:

• Difficulty putting drops in – consideration if patient has little experience with eye drops

• Restrictions with bending over and lifting heavy objects

• Spectacle dependence

• Difference in vision between surgeries

• Normal post operative recovery (e.g. myopia from corneal edema, ect.)

Post‐operative Complications

• Posterior capsular opacification

• Dislocated lens  ‐ breakage of bag or zonules

• Post‐operative macular edema

• Retinal detachment

• Endophthalmitis

Endophthalmitishttp://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/cases/45‐Endophthalmitis‐After‐Cataract‐Surgery.htm

http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/atlas/pages/displaced‐IOL/index.htm

http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/atlas/pages/capsular‐folds.htm

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Corneal Transplant

Multiple types of corneal transplants:

• PK (or PKP): Penetrating keratoplasty• DSEK: Descemet stripping endothelial 

keratoplasty• DMEK: Descemet membrane 

endothelial keratoplasty• DALK: Deep anterior lamellar 

keratoplasty• Keratoprosthesis (KPro)

http://www.eyerounds.org/tutorials/Cornea‐Transplant‐Intro/index.htm

Layers of the Cornea

http://www.ophthobook.com/wp‐content/uploads/2007/12/video‐cornealayers.jpg

http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/atlas/pages/Fuchs‐Endothelial‐Corneal‐Dystrophy.html

http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/atlas/pages/Fuchs‐Endothelial‐Corneal‐Dystrophy‐2.html

Fuch’s Endothelial Dystrophy

http://jbiocommunication.org/issues/32‐2/assets/features/feature1/05A.html

Normal corneal endothelium

Fuch’s dystrophy

Corneal haze from Fuch’s dystropy

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DSEK Post‐op

POD#1: Visual acuity and IOP‐ Post‐operative eye drop schedule (Prednisolone taper, NSAID 

and antibiotic)

POW#1: Visual acuity, IOP, pachymetry

POW#4‐6: Visual acuity, IOP, pachymetry

Then followed at 3 months and (depending on the case) 6 month to yearly follow‐ups thereafter

DSEK considerations and complications

• Patients must lay on their back for 48 hours

• Gas bubble may have to be redone

• Graft detachment

• Graft rejection

• Infections

http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/atlas/pages/DMEK/index.htm

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Successful DSEK operation following multiple penetrating keratoplasties (PK)

Successful DSEK operation 

DSEK detached in middle of graft, waited to see if resolve on own, graft was later reattached surgically

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DSEK graft detaching at edge

Detached DSEK – pre epic could not find note

Graft still detached as of  April 2016, vision 20/40 ph 20/25‐1

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Fungal (Candida) growth in DSEK interface

http://webeye.ophth.uiowa.edu/eyeforum/atlas/pages/Candida‐DSAEK‐interface/index.htm

Trabeculectomy

• Surgery is considered when maximum topical drop therapy is not sufficiently lowering IOP 

• There are two ways to reduce IOP: lower the production of aqueous humor or increase its outflow

• A trabeculectomy is done by creating a small hole through the sclera so that aqueous can flow into a reservoir created under the conjunctiva (called a bleb)

http://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/glaucoma‐2‐cause.htm

Flow of aqueous humor

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Trabeculectomy: Post‐op

POD#1: Visual acuity and IOP‐ Post‐operative eye drop schedule (Prednisolone taper – every two hours at 

the beginning)

POW#1:  Visual acuity and IOP

POW#3: Visual acuity and IOP

POW#4‐6: Visual acuity, IOP check and refraction

http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/wilmer/glaucoma_center_excellence/book/ch17s01.html

Trabeculectomy Post‐op

• IOP could be high post operatively so sutures may have to be loosened

• Bleb leak (low intraocular pressure)

• Flat anterior chamber with high intraocular pressure (malignant glaucoma or hemorrhagic choroidals)

• Around 20% of trabeculectomies do not meet target pressure by 1 year

• However, most are at target pressure without topical drops after 5 years (over two thirds) 

Retinal DetachmentSymptoms:

• Sudden flashes of light

• Abrupt increase in floaters

• Curtain or veil across vision

• Sudden blurring of vision

• Similar symptoms to posterior vitreous detachment (PVD)

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Retinal detachment in fundus photograph

Retinal detachment in B‐scan

Retinal detachment in OCT

http://www.eyerounds.org/tutorials/retinal‐detachment‐med‐students/index.htm

Retinal tear with detachment

http://www.mayoclinic.org/medical‐professionals/clinical‐updates/ophthalmology/fluoroquinolones‐do‐not‐increase‐patients‐risk‐of‐rhegmatogenous‐retinal‐detachment

Retinal Detachment Repair• Severity affects type and timing of surgery

• Laser retinopexy may be performed if there is no subretinal fluid

• Cryotherapy if there is mild subretinal fluid

• Pneumatic retinopexy with laser and/or cryotherapy

• Scleral buckle with cryotherapy

• Vitrectomy with endolaser and gas bubble

Vitrectomy

http://www.allaboutvision.com/conditions/vitreoretinal‐procedures.htm

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Retinal Detachment Post‐op

POD#1: Visual acuity, IOP and dilate‐ Post‐operative eye drop schedule (Prednisolone taper, 

antibiotic and erythromycin ointment)

POW#1: Visual acuity, IOP and dilate

POW#4: Visual acuity, IOP and dilate

Afterwards followed at month 3, month 6, then annual follow‐ups

Retinal Detachment Post‐op

• Retinal detachment repair has about a 90% success rate of reattachment

• Retina can detach again due to proliferative vitreoretinopathy

• Additional surgery can be done to reattach the retina but visual outcomes can be poor

• A successful macula‐sparing retinal detachment may maintain 20/20 vision

• A macula‐off retinal detachment generally yields vision no better than 20/70

Managing Patient Frustrations

• When patients project frustrations they are usually not frustrated with you but frustrated with the situation

• Reminding patients that it is ok to feel the way they do and that we are here to give them excellent post operative care

• Reassuring patients that you are there to do what is best for them