Bus rapid transit (BRT) – the basics
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Transcript of Bus rapid transit (BRT) – the basics
Bus rapid transit Bus rapid transit (BRT) – the basics(BRT) – the basics
Presentation originally byPresentation originally byDennis Hinebaugh, DirectorDennis Hinebaugh, DirectorNational Bus Rapid Transit National Bus Rapid Transit
Institute (NBRTI), University of Institute (NBRTI), University of South FloridaSouth Florida
http://www.nbrti.orghttp://www.nbrti.org
Presented today by Tom Rye, Presented today by Tom Rye, Edinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburgh Napier University
Presentation originally byPresentation originally byDennis Hinebaugh, DirectorDennis Hinebaugh, DirectorNational Bus Rapid Transit National Bus Rapid Transit
Institute (NBRTI), University of Institute (NBRTI), University of South FloridaSouth Florida
http://www.nbrti.orghttp://www.nbrti.org
Presented today by Tom Rye, Presented today by Tom Rye, Edinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburgh Napier University
What’s wrong with normal buses?What’s wrong with normal buses?
Slow
Unreliable
Not always frequent
Take the long way around
Uncomfortable
Untrendy, not technologically appealing
Make you feel like a loser if you take one?
BRT – tries to solve these problems
Slow
Unreliable
Not always frequent
Take the long way around
Uncomfortable
Untrendy, not technologically appealing
Make you feel like a loser if you take one?
BRT – tries to solve these problems
Well!Well! Badly!Badly!
How we treat BRT customers! How we treat local bus customers!
BRTBRT Systems Systems
United States:United States:
• Alameda, CAAlameda, CA• Albany, NYAlbany, NY• Boston, MABoston, MA• Charlotte, NCCharlotte, NC• Cleveland, OHCleveland, OH• Chicago, ILChicago, IL• Dulles Corridor, VADulles Corridor, VA• Eugene, OREugene, OR• Hartford, CTHartford, CT
World:World:• Curitiba, BrazilCuritiba, Brazil• Brisbane, AustraliaBrisbane, Australia• Adelaide, AustraliaAdelaide, Australia• Ottawa, CanadaOttawa, Canada• Leeds, EnglandLeeds, England• AmsterdamAmsterdam• UtrechtUtrecht• Kent, EnglandKent, England•Ipswich, England Ipswich, England • Rouen, FranceRouen, France•Jonkoping, SwedenJonkoping, Sweden
It’s no single trait, but the combination of traits that make BRT systems successful!It’s no single trait, but the combination of traits that make BRT systems successful![ ]
6
Speed of BRTs in km/hSpeed of BRTs in km/h
InfrastructureInfrastructure
Needs to give priority to bus
Does not all have to be the same – one BRT can combine different types of priority
Key: ensure speed and reliability –bus protected from other traffic
Needs to give priority to bus
Does not all have to be the same – one BRT can combine different types of priority
Key: ensure speed and reliability –bus protected from other traffic
Arterial Bus LanesArterial Bus LanesArterial Bus LanesArterial Bus Lanes
Boston: Silver LineBoston: Silver Line
LondonLondonQuality Bus Corridor Quality Bus Corridor
Arterial Median TransitwayArterial Median TransitwayArterial Median TransitwayArterial Median Transitway
Vancouver: 98BVancouver: 98B
E-5 CEVİZLİBAĞ MEVKİİ ESKİ HALİ E-5 CEVİZLİBAĞ MEVKİİ YENİ HALİ
The Balkan BRT – before and after
Running WaysRunning Ways
Arterial Median Busway Arterial Median Busway Rouen, France: TEORRouen, France: TEOR
LEEDS/BRADFORD Guided BuswaysLEEDS/BRADFORD Guided Busways
Elevated SectionsElevated Sections Elevated SectionsElevated Sections
Runcorn, UKRuncorn, UK
Running Way Color, MarkingsRunning Way Color, MarkingsRunning Way Color, MarkingsRunning Way Color, Markings
ParisParis
Sao PauloSao Paulo
AucklandAuckland
Route StructuresRoute Structures• More direct than local serviceMore direct than local service• “ “Off-line” stationsOff-line” stations• Anchored by major activity centersAnchored by major activity centers• Major corridorsMajor corridors• Feeder routesFeeder routes• Can operate in low-density residentialCan operate in low-density residential• FlexibleFlexible•High frequency, turn up and goHigh frequency, turn up and go• Effect on Land useEffect on Land use• No mapNo map
ADELAIDE CBD
Adelaide, AustraliaAdelaide, Australia
Stations: Potential CharacteristicsStations: Potential Characteristics
• Differentiated from regular bus stopsDifferentiated from regular bus stops• Enhanced sheltersEnhanced shelters and/or station design and/or station design• Designated passenger “platform,” possibly Designated passenger “platform,” possibly raisedraised• EnclosedEnclosed• Can be multi-modalCan be multi-modal• Other facilities (taxi stands, parking, etc.)Other facilities (taxi stands, parking, etc.)• Customer information (real-time)Customer information (real-time)• Joint-development/multi-useJoint-development/multi-use• Facilitates quick boarding and exitFacilitates quick boarding and exit• DockingDocking• Disabled accessibleDisabled accessible
VehiclesVehicles
• Unique/distinct aesthetic design/lookUnique/distinct aesthetic design/look• Environmentally friendlyEnvironmentally friendly• Variable propulsion systemsVariable propulsion systems• High capacityHigh capacity (articulated, bi-articulated) (articulated, bi-articulated)• Wide aisles, increased passenger comfortWide aisles, increased passenger comfort• Low-floorLow-floor• Large window designLarge window design• Increased amenities (laptop connections)Increased amenities (laptop connections)• Multiple double-wide doorsMultiple double-wide doors• Dual-sided entry/exitDual-sided entry/exit• LRT likeLRT like
Range of BRT Vehicle Options:Range of BRT Vehicle Options:Conventional BusesConventional Buses
Range of BRT Vehicle Options:Range of BRT Vehicle Options:Conventional BusesConventional Buses
Van Hool 300AGVan Hool 300AGZuidtangent Zuidtangent Amsterdam;Amsterdam;York Rapid Transit York Rapid Transit TorontoToronto
New Flyer 60LFNew Flyer 60LFVancouver 98, 99BVancouver 98, 99BOttawa TransitwaysOttawa Transitways
Specialized BRT VehiclesSpecialized BRT Vehicles Specialized BRT VehiclesSpecialized BRT Vehicles
Irisbus CivisIrisbus CivisLas Vegas MAXLas Vegas MAX
ATS PhileusATS PhileusEindhoven, NetherlandsEindhoven, Netherlands
Well- Lit, Open, Quiet InteriorWell- Lit, Open, Quiet Interior Well- Lit, Open, Quiet InteriorWell- Lit, Open, Quiet Interior
Los Angeles, CALos Angeles, CA
Signal PreemptionSignal Preemption and and low floor vehicleslow floor vehicles aided in aided in a:a:
• 28 to 33% decrease in travel time28 to 33% decrease in travel time• 30% increase in ridership, 14% net new30% increase in ridership, 14% net new• No appreciable impact on cross–streetNo appreciable impact on cross–street traffictraffic
Faster Fare CollectionFaster Fare Collection
• Fast, efficient so as to speed boardingFast, efficient so as to speed boarding• SimpleSimple to understand to understand• Minimal on-vehicle transactionsMinimal on-vehicle transactions• CashlessCashless
• smart cards (multi-use) smart cards (multi-use) • pre-purchased ticketspre-purchased tickets• passespasses
• Proof of paymentProof of payment• enter station enter station
Off–Board Fare Collection OptionsOff–Board Fare Collection OptionsOff–Board Fare Collection OptionsOff–Board Fare Collection Options
Proof-of Payment: TVM Proof-of Payment: TVM York, On. Rapid Transit York, On. Rapid Transit
Smart Card Fare GatesSmart Card Fare GatesTransMillenio, BogotaTransMillenio, Bogota
Cost EffectiveCost Effective
• VehiclesVehicles• can be off-the-shelfcan be off-the-shelf
• No track or overhead wiresNo track or overhead wires• “ “Travel Ways”Travel Ways”
• construction and maintenanceconstruction and maintenance• incrementally built (phases, flexible)incrementally built (phases, flexible)• existing roadway network (mixed traffic)existing roadway network (mixed traffic)
• Uses existing vehicle storage facilitiesUses existing vehicle storage facilities• Uses existing and simple signal systemsUses existing and simple signal systems• Workforce compositionWorkforce composition
• using existing vs. acquiring new staffusing existing vs. acquiring new staff• wage differential for BRT vs. LRTwage differential for BRT vs. LRT
Rapid Transit Mode ComparisonsRapid Transit Mode Comparisons
Source: SpeedLink- A Rapid Transit Option for Greater Detroit. June 2001.
BRT LRT
ROW Options Exclusive or Mixed Traffic Exclusive or Mixed Traffic
Station Spacing 1/4 to 1 Mile 1/4 to 1 Mile
Vehicle Seated Capacity 40 to 85 Passengers 65 to 85 Passengers
Average Speed 15-30 mph 15-30 mph
P/H/D (exclusive ROW) Up to 30,000 Up to 30,000
P/H/D (arterial) Up to 10,000 Up to 10,000
Capital ROW Cost/Mile $0.2M to $25M/Mile $20M to $55M/Mile
Capital Cost/Vehicle $0.45M to $1.5M $1.5M to $3.5M
O&M/SH $65 to $100 $150 to $200
Rapid Transit ModeStatistic
Rail-Like Vehicles $5-30 mRail-Like Vehicles $5-30 mRail-Like Vehicles $5-30 mRail-Like Vehicles $5-30 m
Another take on costsAnother take on costs
Impacts on ridership, car useImpacts on ridership, car use
Survey of 14 BRT systems around world
Typically 15-35% increase in system ridership
10-25% of these people transferred from car
Istanbul system carries 500,000 people/day of whom about 10% came from car. 400% increase in total PT riders
See http://www.nbrti.org/docs/pdf/Low%20Res%20CBRT%202009%20Update.pdf
Survey of 14 BRT systems around world
Typically 15-35% increase in system ridership
10-25% of these people transferred from car
Istanbul system carries 500,000 people/day of whom about 10% came from car. 400% increase in total PT riders
See http://www.nbrti.org/docs/pdf/Low%20Res%20CBRT%202009%20Update.pdf
• BRT quick to implement – politically BRT quick to implement – politically attractiveattractive
• Does not always have to be heavily Does not always have to be heavily engineered – can combine a range of engineered – can combine a range of infrastructureinfrastructure
• Can be implemented incrementallyCan be implemented incrementally• Ultimately it’s about reliability, Ultimately it’s about reliability,
directness, convenience, premium directness, convenience, premium service, good imageservice, good image
• Low cost, high capacity alternative to Low cost, high capacity alternative to railrail
• Keep It Simple StupidKeep It Simple Stupid
ConclusionsConclusions