Bureaucracy - government at work
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Transcript of Bureaucracy - government at work
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Federal Bureaucracy
Executive Offi ce of the President
Executive Departments
Independent Agencies
The Civil Service
GOVERNMENT AT WORK:
THE BUREAUCRACY
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OPPOSING VIEWS
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Large, complex administrative structure that handles the everyday business of an organization
Organizations with a bureaucracyFederal GovernmentUS ArmyMcDonald’sCatholic ChurchBishop Walsh
WHAT IS A BUREAUCRACY?
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Hierarchical Structure Chain of command; pyramid structure Pro: Con:
Job Specialization Each member has certain defined duties &
responsibilities Pro: Con:
Formalized Rules Established set of regulations Pro: Con:
FEATURES OF A BUREAUCRACY
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Agencies, people & procedures that help the government carry out its policies
Almost all in the Executive BranchConstitution gives the President broad powers to
establish an administration to carry out his or her policies
Executive Offi ce of the PresidentCabinet DepartmentsIndependent Agencies
THE FEDERAL BUREAUCRACY
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Department -- Cabinet-levelAgencies & AdministrationsUsually single-administrators; near Cabinet-levelEPA; NASACommissionsRegulate businessFCC; SECCorporations or AuthoritiesBusiness-like activitiesFDIC; TVA
WHAT’S IN A NAME?
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Until 1857, presidents paid support staff out of pocketEOPEstablished 1939Reorganized in every administration
White House Offi ceNational Security CouncilOMBCouncil of Economic Advisers
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT
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WHITE HOUSE OFFICE
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Rule of propinquity: closer your offi ce to the Oval, the more influence you have.
West Wing > East Wing > Old Executive Offi ce Building
WHITE HOUSE OFFICE
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Chief of StaffTop AideDirects White House
operationsPress SecretaryGives daily press
briefi ngs; voice of administration
White House Counsel (legal adviser)Communications DirectorDeputy COSOffi ce of Legislative Aff airs
WHO’S IN THE WEST WING?
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Meets at the Presidents call to assist in most foreign matters
Members: VP, Sec of State & Defense, CIA Director, chairman of Join Chiefs of Staff
National Security Adviser heads the staff of policy experts
Advisory body
NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL
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Large & infl uential Prepares the federal budget submitted by the President Budget: detailed list of receipts (money in) and
expenditures (money out) during a fi scal year (Oct 1 – Sept 30)
Federal agencies submit budget proposals to the OMB OMB revises & fi ts the requests into the President’s plan Oversees the funds appropriated by Congress Helps president prepare executive orders & veto messages
OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT & BUDGET
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Three members; confirmed by SenateChief economic advisers to the PresidentHelps prepare Annual Economic Report to Congress
COUNCIL OF ECONOMIC ADVISERS
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15Cabinet DepartmentsNot mentioned in Constitution1789: State, Treasury & WarEach department has its own policy areaEach headed by a secretary (except DOJ) https : / /www.youtube .com/watch?v=xxSv i6 JCCfk
EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS
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At one time, the main advisors to the presidentToday, most time spent administering respective
departmentTwo GoalsServe the PresidentPromote & protect his or her departmentSubject to Senate confirmation
Oldest:Biggest:Largest Budget:Newest:
WHAT DOES THE CABINET DO?
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“Cabinet” = head of 15 departments + other offi cers at president’s discretion
OMB DirectorVPChief of StaffUS Trade RepEPAUS Ambassador to the UN
CABINET-LEVEL OFFICERS
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Party of the PresidentPlayed a role in the campaignRegional Balance – Where should the Sec. of Interior
come from?First Woman: First African-American:First Hispanic:
First Female Sec. of State:
First Female Attorney General:
WHO GETS APPOINTED?
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Bill Clinton: Cabinet played a key role JFK: Cabinet meetings a “waste of time”Lincoln: “Seven nays, one aye: the ayes have it.”Taft: “The Cabinet is a mere creation of the
President’s will…It exists only by custom.” Jackson: Kitchen CabinetFDR: Brain TrustTruman: Cronies
Most presidents hold regular cabinet meetingsOften media events
PRESIDENTS ON THE CABINET
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None until 1880sToday, nearly 150Exist outside the Cabinet departmentsNOT independent of the president
Independent Executive AgenciesIndependent Regulatory commissionsThe Government Corporations
INDEPENDENT AGENCIES
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Organized like Cabinet departments
GSA, NASA, EPACivil Rights Commission,
Peace Corps, FCCAmerican Battle
Monuments CommissionCitizen's Stamp Advisory
Committee
INDEPENDENT EXECUTIVE AGENCIES
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Largely outside of president’s control
10Rules & regulations have the
force and eff ect of lawCan mediate disputes in
their fieldsDoes work Congress does
not have time for.Federal ReserveFTC; SEC; FCC; NLRB
INDEPENDENT REGULATORY
COMMISSIONS
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Carry out business activitiesFirst: Bank of the United States (1791)Export-Import BankUS Postal ServiceAmtrakThough function like businesses, all employees are
public
GOVERNMENT CORPORATIONS
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Most federal employees are not presidential appointees
Civil Service created as a way to staff these administrative jobs
Jackson’s Spoils System
Pendleton Act
CIVIL SERVICE
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