Bureau of Ocean Energy Management - BOEM Homepage · 2019-11-14 · 1 An Overview of Floating...
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An Overview of Floating Offshore Wind and the Use of Spatial Data on the West Coast
Bureau of Ocean Energy Management
Frank PendletonBiologist / GIS Coordinator
West Coast Renewable Energy Science Exchange November 13, 2019
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What We Will Cover
https://www.asme.org/engineering-topics/articles/energy/developing-verifying-deepwater-offshore-wind
American Society of Mechanical EngineersVolturnUS University of Maine
Why Offshore Wind (OSW)1
State of Floating OSW Technology2
California Case Study3
Review a Few Datasets4
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California Climate Policy
• Greenhouse Gas Legislation
• Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS)
• 100% Carbon-Free Electricity by 2045
Slide derived from a slide from Eli Harland CEC 3
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California Climate PolicyGreenhouse Gas Legislation
Renewable Portfolio Standard
https://www.energy.ca.gov/programs-and-topics/topics/renewable-energy
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California Tracking
https://www.energy.ca.gov/sites/default/files/2019-05/renewable.pdf
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Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS)• 29 States have a RPS.
• 21 states have Carve Outs
*National Conference of State Legislatorshttp://www.ncsl.org/research/energy/renewable-portfolio-standards.aspx 6
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Why Include Wind?
• Night
• Clouds
• Storage
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Solar has limits
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Why Offshore Wind?
Wind Prospector, National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) 8
The Ocean is Windier!More Consistent
Wind Speed (m/s)
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Why Offshore Wind? The Ocean is Windy at the Right TimeThe Wind Picks Up as the Sun Goes Down
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Windy at the Right Time Duck Curve
California ISO. (2013). “What the duck curve tells us about managing a green grid.”
MW needed from “non-solar” sources
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Global Wind Energy Councilgwec.net/global-figures/global-offshore/
How Many Megawatts World Wide?
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Megawatts by Country 2016-2017Global Wind Energy Councilgwec.net/global-figures/global-offshore/
Where are the Turbines?
Global Wind Energy Councilgwec.net/global-figures/global-offshore/12
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Offshore Wind Outlook 2019
https://www.iea.org/offshorewind2019/
• Total OSW– 2010 = 3 GW– 2018 = 23 GW
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• Good News– Price of OSW projected to
decline 60% by 2040
• Challenges– Supply Chains– Support Vessels– Grid Infrastructure– Marine Planning
Offshore Wind Outlook 2019
https://www.iea.org/newsroom/news/2019/october/offshore-wind-to-become-a-1-trillion-industry.html 14
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• 1st Offshore Wind in US (2016)• Rhode Island State Waters• 5 Turbines• 30 MW
Deep Water Windhttp://dwwind.com/project/block-island-wind-farm/
Block Island Offshore Wind
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Deep Water Windhttp://dwwind.com/project/block-island-wind-farm/
Block Island Offshore Wind
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Offshore Wind Technologies
Illustration by Joshua Bauer, NREL17
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The West is Deep
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The West is Deep
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Technology: Growth of the Wind Turbine
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Floating Wind Farm
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Prototypes
University of Maine20 kW Turbine Maine USA2013
Principle Power 2.0 MW Turbine Portugal 2011 - 2016 17 m waves / 60 knot winds
Statoil (Equinor)2.3 MW Turbine Norway2009
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Fukushima Offshore
http://www.fukushima-forward.jp/english/index.html
Fukushima Offshore Wind Consortium23
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Fukushima Offshore
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Floatgen (France)• Dampening Pool
– Deployed 2017– 2 MW– 33 m depth– Concrete
Mer et MarineAnchor (© ECN)25 https://www.meretmarine.com/fr/content/floatgen-fow-demonstrator-launched
http://ideol-offshore.com/sites/default/files/pdf/plaquette_floatgen-bd.pdf
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Floatgen (Japan)• Dampening Pool
– Deployed 2018– 3 MW– 50 m depth– Steel
https://www.ideol-offshore.com/en/japanese-demonstrator 26
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• Aqua Ventus Project– Two 6MW Turbines…or– One 10+MW Turbine
• Vibration Suppression
• Lighter = Cheaper
University of Maine
https://composites.umaine.edu/2019/10/23/umaine-receives-new-doe-funding-to-advance-volturnus-floating-offshore-platform/ 27
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Hywind: OSW Goes Commercial
• 2017• Scotland• 5 Turbines• 6 MW (30)• 20,000 homes
http://www.businessinsider.com/hywind-scotland-glimpse-into-worlds-first-floating-wind-farm-2017-8/#here-are-the-experimental-turbines-that-will-form-the-floating-wind-farm-1From: Business Insider 8/3/1728
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Photo Credit: Øyvind Gravås / Worldcam29
Hywind: OSW Goes Commercial
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http://www.offshorewind.biz/2017/10/18/industry-welcomes-hywind-opening/?utm_source=emark&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=daily-update-offshore-wind-2017-10-19&uid=64699
From: Offshorewind.biz 10/19/17
From: Offshorewind.biz 11/29/17 30
Hywind: Batteries
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PiKa6steniw
http://www.mhivestasoffshore.com/first-turbine-of-windfloat-atlantic-moves-into-position/
• 2019• Portugal• 3 Turbines• 8.4 MW (25)• 60,000 people
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WindFloat Atlantic
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Where Can OSW Go• BOEM Jurisdiction
– Federal Waters– 3 nmi – 200 nmi
• ≈215,000 sq miles
100%
Percent of Federal Waters
Federal Waters(215,000 sq mi)
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• Depth 1300 m
• 34,000 sq miles remaining
16%
84%
Percent of Federal Waters
Federal WatersDepth > 1300 m(34,000 sq mi)
Rest of EEZ
Where Can’t OSW Go?
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• Wind Speed– > 7 m/s
• 19,000 sq miles
Where Can’t OSW Go?
9%
91%
Percent of Federal WatersFederal WatersDepth > 1100 mWinds > 7 m/s(19,000 sq mi)
Rest of EEZ
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• National Marine Sanctuaries– Not BOEM Jurisdiction
• 14,000 sq miles remaining
Where Can’t OSW Go?
6%
94%
Percent of Federal WatersFederal WatersDepth > 1300 mWinds > 7 m/sNo Sanctuaries(14,000 sq mi)
Rest of EEZ
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• Cables
Where Can’t OSW Go?
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• Near a Grid Connection– Morro Bay– Diablo Canyon– Eureka
Where Can OSW Go?
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• CA Call Areas
Where Can OSW Go?
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Where Can OSW Go? • CA Call Areas
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Where Can OSW Go? • CA Call Areas
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Data!
https://coastalmap.marine.usgs.gov/GISdata/regional/westcoast/bathymetry/caorwall.htm41
• Review a few Datasets– Bathymetry– Wind– Vessel Traffic– Birds– Marine Mammals
• CA OSW Energy Gateway– DataBasin
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Bathymetry
• USGS Data• 100 meter contours
https://coastalmap.marine.usgs.gov/GISdata/regional/westcoast/bathymetry/caorwall.htm42
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Slope• NOAA DEMs• ≈ 80 m pixels
https://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/bathymetry/?layers=dem43
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EXPRESS• Expanding Pacific Research and
Exploration of Submerged Systems
• NOAA, MBARI, USGS, SeaGrant, GFOE, BOEM
• Seafloor Mapping– Bathymetry (depth)– Habitats / Ecosystems– Hazards
• Benthic Webinarhttps://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/19express/logs/oct16/oct16.htmlwww.usgs.gov/centers/pcmsc/science/express-expanding-pacific-research-and-exploration-submerged-systems?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects
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Wind Speed• National Renewable
Energy Lab (NREL)
• Many Data Sources
• Modeled to Provide consistent dataset for USA
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• NREL Wind Prospector
Wind Speed Data
https://maps.nrel.gov/wind-prospector/46
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• Hourly Wind Speed• By Month (Jan)
Wind Speed Data
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Hourly Wind Speed
“What’s the average wind speed at 2:00 in January?”
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Central California Humboldt
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Annual AverageWindSpeed
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• Spring 2020
• 1 Year
• Wind Profile
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PNNL Lidar Buoys
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PNNL Lidar Buoys
Illustration PNNL 51
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Other Factors
Vessel Traffic*Marine Mammals*Birds*Fish & Fisheries*Benthics*Archaeology
ViewshedDepartment of DefenseEtc…
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• Automatic Identification System (AIS)– Air Traffic Control for Ships
• 25,000,000 points / month– MairneCadastre.gov/ais
• Vessel ID, Date, Type, Size, Status…
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Vessel Traffic
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AllShips
2011 2017
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All Ships2017
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ShipType
Cargo Tanker
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Bird Data• Survey Type
– Observers (Ships)– Observers (Aerial)– Aerial Photos
• Models– Habitat Maps
© David Pereksta
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Bird Data
• PaCSEA– USGS, BOEM– Aerial Surveys– 2011 and 2012– 6 Surveys
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Seabird Resources
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• Vulnerability Index– USGS / BOEM– Conservation Status, Behavior,
Flight Height…
• Bird Webinar Jan 8th 2020
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Marine Mammals• Whales and Dolphins
– NOAA – Surveys July – Dec
• 1991, 1993, 1996, 2001, 2005, 2008
Becker et al (2016) Moving Towards Dynamic Ocean Management: How Well Do Modeled Ocean Products Predict Species Distribution. Remote Sensing.60
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Marine Mammals• Fin Whale
(Summer / Fall)
Becker et al (2016) Moving Towards Dynamic Ocean Management: How Well Do Modeled Ocean Products Predict Species Distribution. Remote Sensing.61
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Marine Mammals
• Humpback Whale (Summer / Fall)
Becker et al (2016) Moving Towards Dynamic Ocean Management: How Well Do Modeled Ocean Products Predict Species Distribution. Remote Sensing.62
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DataBasinCalifornia Offshore Wind Energy Gateway
https://databasin.org/services/gateways/list63
Databasin.org
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DataBasinCA Offshore Wind Energy Gateway
https://databasin.org/services/gateways/list64
Databasin.org
![Page 65: Bureau of Ocean Energy Management - BOEM Homepage · 2019-11-14 · 1 An Overview of Floating Offshore Wind and the Use of Spatial Data on the West Coast. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011822/5ec674d7162df80a7b7214d2/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
DataBasinCalifornia Offshore Wind Energy Gateway
https://databasin.org/services/gateways/list65
Databasin.org
![Page 66: Bureau of Ocean Energy Management - BOEM Homepage · 2019-11-14 · 1 An Overview of Floating Offshore Wind and the Use of Spatial Data on the West Coast. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management.](https://reader031.fdocuments.in/reader031/viewer/2022011822/5ec674d7162df80a7b7214d2/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
DataBasinCalifornia Offshore Wind Energy Gateway
https://databasin.org/services/gateways/list66
Databasin.org