Web viewAncient Greece. Geography. A _____ of mountains and many surrounding small islands....

World HistoryTeacher: Miss BunnellAncient Greece

Geography

A _____________________ of mountains and many surrounding small

islands.

o Surrounding seas: ___________________, Mediterranean, and

____________________.

___________ mountains, small plains areas, and rivers.

The mountains made Greek cities ___________________ and separated

from one another.

o They had to develop their own ways of life and were very independent

of each other.

Minoans

First people in the Greek area.

o 2700BC – 1450BC

Located on the southern island of ___________________.

Capital city was called _____________________________.

o Used as a center of shipping and trade.

o Able to trade with the Egyptians.

Known for beautiful pottery, gold & silver jewelry.

~1450BC the Minoans suffered a catastrophic collapse.

o _______________________________ triggered a volcano.

o Attacked by the mainland Greeks called the Mycenaeans.


Mycenaeans The _______________ of the actual Greek people.

1600BC – 1100BC

Lived on the Greek mainland, and called their area ____________________

The royalty lived in _____________________ (______________________)

palaces that were built on high hills and surrounded by giant walls.

The rest of the population lived outside the walls.

Built bee-hive shaped tombs for the royal family members.

Mycenaeans were a __________________ people who prided themselves on

their _______________________________________________.

Their murals and paintings often show war and hunting scenes.

They too had a large trading network.

o Mostly __________________________

The most famous of the military stories are read in the poetry of __________

o ______________________ (Trojan War)

o Leg by King Agamemnon, they sacked the city of ______________

around 1250BC.

o Story of the ___________________________________.


Mycenaean Greece started to show serious signs of trouble.

o The states _________________ each other.

o Major _________________________ caused damage.

o New invaders moved into northern Greece.

o Mycenae collapsed ~1100BC.

The Dark Ages

After the fall of the Mycenaeans, Greece entered a difficult time period.

o _________________________________________

o Food production dropped

Very few records of what happened.

“New Greeks” began to establish colonies in _______________________

& _____________________________ Greece.

However, the use of iron did appear during this time period.

The Greeks adopted the ______________________________________ to

give themselves a new system of writing made reading and writing

simpler.

Stories

____________________________ & ______________________________ were

epic poems written by ____________________ toward the end of the Dark Ages.

o Hoping to restore spirit to the Greek people.


The Iliad is more of a story about the hero, ________________________,

and how his anger led to destruction.

The Odyssey is about the journey of ___________________________ as he

returns to his wife after the Trojan War.

These epic poems became texts for education in Greece because they gave

Greeks an ideal past with heroes and their spiritual mythology of the gods.

Values: ________________________, ____________________, Excellence

through struggle (________________).

Greek City-States

City-states were the central development of all Greek civilization.

o Called a _________________

o Our word “_______________________” comes from Polis.

Each polis had a meeting place set upon a high hill.

o Atop the hill was the _______________________, which was a

fortress and a religious center.

o Below that was an __________________-, an open area for a market

and assembly.

The polis was considered a community of people who shared common identities

and goals.


____________________________ had political rights.

o Women, children, laborers, slaves, and foreigners did _________ have

political rights.

Males were allowed rights, such as _________________, but they also had

to honor their responsibilities in the military.

City-states were fiercely patriotic and loyal.

o Distrusted other city-states.

The philosopher, Aristotle, believed, “We must rather regard every citizen as

belonging to the ____________,” in order for the city-state to be strong.

However, intense competition and division among the city-states helped

bring about ancient Greece’ ruin.

Due to the structure of the city-states, a new form of military fighting

developed.

_____________________, heavily armed soldiers on foot, were sent into

battle marching shoulder-to-shoulder.

o This is called a _________________________

Government

The city-state of Athens developed the world’s very first _______________

_______________________!!!!


A _________________________is a government that allows “___________

_______________________________,” because the citizens can vote on

important topics.

Other city-states had ___________________________, which are

governments that have “________________________________________,”

which means only a small group of individuals will make the decisions for

the entire population.

Greek Expansion

Overpopulation, desire for farmland, lack of food, and increased trade

instigated an era of Greeks moving to distant areas and setting up new

colonies.

o Italy, France, Spain, Africa, northern Greece.

o Greeks began to rely more heavily on _______________ and

interaction with foreign people.

Most notable was a new colony called _____________________________

(660sBC), which will be the site of a new mighty empire after the fall of the

Romans.


Two Rival City-States ~ ~ ~ ~ Athens & Sparta

Athens Began as a polis with many political problems.

o King Oligarchy ________________________________

Harsh laws Possible civil war Tyranny Overthrowing rulers.

Finally a man named Cleisthenes created the ________________________

_______________________.

o Made only of ______________________________

o Had the authority to vote and pass laws after free and open debate.

Sparta

Needed more farmland, so they attacked their neighbors.

Made the neighbors peasants, called them ______________________.

o Helot means ___________________________

o Very much like slaves

Sparta was a ___________________________________, and males spent

their childhood learning military discipline.

o Stayed in the army until ___________

Spartan women had ___________________________________ than other

Greek women, but were also responsible to stay fit and raise brave sons.


Their government was an ________________________, with two kings at the top.

There was an assembly for voting, but there was _____________________

allowed.

Men known as __________________ were expected to educate the youth

and make sure all citizens had appropriate conduct.

Spartans turned their backs on the outside world.

o No _________________________________

o No _________________________________

o No new ideas

o No _____________________ or reading

o No art

_____________________________________________________________

The Greeks vs. The Persians

Eventually Greek expansion got too close to the lands controlled by Persia.

o When Athens tried to help some cities revolt, King Darius of Persia

was enraged and swore revenge.

In 490BC the Persians landed at ___________________________.

o The Athenians were outnumbered, but were able to defeat the

Persians.


o A runner named Pheidippides ran all the way from Marathon to

Athens (______________) to tell the news that the Persians had lost.

The he ______________________________.

After Darius died Persia got a new king, Xerxes.

Xerxes also swore revenge and launched an attack on Greece.

The Greek states formed a league together – Athens, Sparta, and more.

o ______________________________ held off a massive force of

Persians while other Greek soldiers went around the Persian military.

o Unfortunately, a traitor told the Persians how to go through a secret

mountain path to outsmart the Greeks.

o In the end, the Persians _______________________ and gave up on

attacking Greece.

Classical Greece

Athens was the _________________________________.

o 300,000 population

o Most resident were not citizens.

Slavery was common.

o 100,000 slaves

o Worked in fields, or were _________________________________

o Some were owned by the state and worked construction.


Economy Based on ________________________ and __________________

o Grains, vegetables, fruit, grapes for wine, olives for olive oil.

o Sheep and goats

Had to trade for just about anything else they wanted.

Society

_______________ was the most important institution!

o Husband, wife, children

o Slaves considered part of the family number

Women could take part in ___________________________________, but

were excluded from most public life.

Women were expected to stay at home, and IF they left the home they had to

have a _____________________.

Athenian women were pressured to have ______________ children.

Women were strictly controlled!

o No personal property

o Always had a male guardian

o No education beyond music


Athens vs. Sparta Peloponnesian War, 431BC – 404BC

Greece was divided between Athens and Sparta.

They hated each other, so war broke out.

Better army? ________________ Better navy? ______________

Athens stayed within its city’s walls because they knew the Spartans would

destroy them.

o They a __________________ hit the city and killed more than ______

of Athens.

Athens will still fight Sparta for another ______________________.

In 405BC Sparta crushed the Athenian navy.

o Athens __________________________________

o The city walls were torn down.

o The Athenian Empire was destroyed.

o The age of Classical Greece ________________________.

Due to the war, Greek city-states were weak and struggled to recover.

They did not pay attention to the growing power of ____________________

(to the north) and soon all the Greeks would lose their freedom.


Classical Greece – Religion

_________theistic

12 gods & goddesses

o Believed to live on Mount Olympus

___________________ = father of the gods

___________________ = wisdom

___________________ = sun & poetry

___________________ = moon & hunting

___________________ = war

___________________ = love

___________________ = sea & earthquakes

Festivals were held to honor the gods.

The _____________________________ (776BC) were athletic games

meant to honor the gods.

Oracles were used to reveal the future through a priest.

o Sometimes the responses were confusing and not very obvious to

understand.

_____________________ will later adopt the Greek gods and rename them.


Classical Greece – Art

Architecture

o Temples

o _________________________________

o _________________________________

o Example = _________________________________

Sculpture

o Lifelike

o Male nude form

o _______________________________________

o Achieve _________________________________________

Classical Greece – Literature

Theater & Plays

o Done in outdoor theaters as part of religious ceremonies.

o ____________ & ________________ were the most common forms.

o _________________________, written by Sophocles, is one of the

most famous plays.


o Main themes: __________________________, individual rights,

divine forces, ____________________________________________

Historyo The practice of history – research, recording, and re-telling – was

invented in classical Greece.

o ________________________ is considered the first real historian of

the world.

Considered a master storyteller!

o ________________________ was a historian who believed that

studying the past gave humans the greatest understanding their

present.

Classical Greece – Philosophy

Philosophy: A system of thought; your thoughts on a topic. = “Love of Wisom”

Socrates

Loved to teach, but accepted no pay.

Believed in true education of the individual.

Used _______________________ to make his students figure out things for

themselves by using their own ___________________________.

o ________________________________!!

o Later, the form of ___________________ will develop.


Athenian authorities accused him of corrupting the youth by teaching them

to think for themselves, so they sentenced him to _______________ and

made him drink poison.

Plato Student of _______________________

Obsessed with the concept of _________________: How do we know what

is real?

Wrote _____________________________

o Distrusted _______________________________

o Believed there should be the royalty, the warriors, and the rest.

o To paraphrase, “accept your role in society, and society will run

smoothly.”

He did believe that men and women should have the same ______________

and equal access to all positions and jobs.

Aristotle

Student of _________________________

Believed we understand reality by examining different forms of things.

Liked to classify things based on __________________________ and

________________________.


Stated that only in depth education and knowledge could lead to true

understanding and personal power.

Wrote _______________________o Found there are only 3 good forms of government:

______________________, ___________________________,

____________________________________

Favored constitutional government.

Hellenistic Era

Macedonia

To the _____________ of Greece.

When Greece was weakened due to the Peloponnesian War no one paid

attention to Macedonia growing in strength and power.

King Philip II came into power and crushed the Greeks to bring them under

his power.

He wanted to unite everyone and attack ________________, but before he

could order the attack he was ________________________________.

His son, _____________________, became the new king.

o He was only _________ years old!

Alexander the Great


_____________________________________ was very educated and

knowledgeable about military matters.

He and his army (37,000 men) entered into Turkey in 334BC.

In two years Alexander had _______________ and _________________

under his control.

o Built _______________________as the Greek capital of Egypt.

By 328BC he’d conquered the entire Persian empire and started heading

towards India.

o His soldiers refused to go further, so Alexander agreed to go home.

He returned to Babylon and planned more conquests.

o But due to exhaustion, wounds, a fever, and too much ____________,

he died in 323BC at the age of _______.

Because of Alexander’s conquests, Greek culture was wide spread to areas

of the world.

Hellenistic means “____________________________________________”

o All business was done in the _________________________________

After Alexander’s death the empire fell apart, but four kingdoms emerged as

his legacy.

o Macedonia, Syria, Pergamum, Egypt

He wanted to avenge his father’s death, but also seek revenge for the Persian

burning of Athens.


o All of these were eventually conquered by the __________________

Greek Contributions

_______________________________________ = The largest library of

ancient times, and held more than 500,000 scrolls.

Astronomy = Aristarchus believed the sun was at the center of the universe,

but this idea would not be believed for quite some time.

Astronomy = _______________________ calculated the earth’s

circumference at 24,675 miles.

Mathematics = _________________ wrote a book about geometry.

Mathematics = _________________ worked on 3D geometry and

developed the value of _______.

New Philosophy = ____________________ believed that humans are free

to pursue their _____________________ and make that their goal. This

means you must pursue emotional pleasure for the goodness of yourself.

New Philosophy = ___________ believed happiness is only achieved when

you live in harmony with the _____________________________ and serve

other people.

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