1. Bulgarian Kaval FIRST WORLD FLUTES FESTIVAL MENDOZA, ARGENTINA 2009 Presented by Nikolay Doktorov Kaval player, conductor and teacher

2. The Kaval

T raditionalmusical instrument inBulgaria

One of the oldest national folklore instruments

Made ofwood and bone

NIKOLAY DOKTOROVBULGARIAN KAVAL MENDOZA,ARGENTINA 2009 3. The Republic of Bulgaria EUROPE Bulgaria

European country

On the Balkans

South-eastern Europe

On the Black sea

4.

Area

111,000 km 2

Population

7.5 million

Capital

Sofia

The Republic of Bulgaria 5. History of Kaval KAVAL (Turkey) KAVAL (Macedonia) DZAMARA (Greece) CAVAL (Romania) KAVALL (Albania) BLUR (Armenia) NEY (Arab countries)

Exact origins unknown (scarce data)

Predecessors probably Egyptian, Syrian, later Greek wind instruments

Etymology- Long wooden shepherds wistle (from Turkish). Also called dzamara, blur and ney

Development melodies passed on through generations by ear at folklore competitions, gatherings, festivals in Bulgaria and around the world

6. Structure of Kaval

Wooden cylindric tube

Two open ends

Consists of three parts

Upper first part withoutholes Middle second part with 8 holes Third part with 4 holes. Also known as dushnitzi or devil holes. Not used by the performer Thumb hole 7. Producing sound

Held with both hands, at an angle of approx. 45 o

Circular open end goes under lower lip and above upper lip on the right side of the mouth (lips are pursed in the form of a circle)

Air flows directly from the throat into the kaval at an angle

Air hits the inside walls of the kaval and thus sound is produced

Change of air pressure produces change of pitch

8. Finger Positioning 9. Registers and Timbre

Registers kaval has 3 registers which determine its range, 2 octaves and 6 tones:

Low register Middle register High register Small octave (+ first octave played simultaneously) II (second) octave 6 tones

Timbre kaval has many different timbers; some examples are:

kaba pp clarinet incomplete low register: from D (I octave) to B (I octave) between kaba and timber of the middle register; very mild, light tone low register flute middle register 10. Technical Characteristics

D-kaval the most widely spread kaval in Bulgaria (length = 64cm)

Playing technique depending on the difficulty of the musical composition might include

• vibrato, staccato, triller, mordent, forschlag, ligatures, glissando

• hlopki, different dynamics

for longer and more complex phrases:

• tongue technique

• circular breathing

the high number of registers allows jumps in upward and downward direction

11. Kaval Types and Their Characteristics Different size and usage: A B H C# C D E

have beautiful mat tone

used for solo playing or accompaniment of singers

old kaval masters used to play with these kavals

most widely spread kavals today

used mainly for education of younger children

12. Bulgarian Kaval Performers and Teachers

Nikola Ganchev

Dragan Karapchanski

Matiu Dobrev

Penko Georgiev

Teodosii Spasov

Dancho Radulov

Nedyalko Nedyalkov

Stoyan Chobanov

Aleksandar Donev

Tzvyatko Blagoev

Gospodin Stanev

Ivan Bogoev

Stoyan Velichkov

Kostadin Genchev

Krastyu Dimov

Stoyan Aleksandrov

Nikolay Georgiev

Dosiu Milkov

13. Anil Payakovya NN

Georgi Ivanov

Stanil Payakov

Ivan Antonov

prof. Milcho Vasilev

Neicho Georgiev

prof. d-r Lyuben Dossev

Dimo Jelev

Georgi Georgiev

Shtiliyan Tihov

Dimitar Dimitrov

Georgi Penev

HristoStefanov

Mehmed Saliev

Tzvyatko Denkov

Venelin Mutafchiev

Rumen Mutafchiev

Stoyan Stoilov

Bulgarian Kaval Performers and Teachers 14. f Makers of Bulgarian folk instruments

Today, very few people make Bulgarian folk instruments consistent with the requirements for quality and sound correctness

one of the best materials for kaval is cornel wood; kavals can also be made of plum, boxwood, and other types of wood

Encho Pashov Apostol Apostolov Zhecho Marinov Dimitar Genchev Slavi Ivanov Petar Borisov Tzvyatko Damyanov Ivan Parushev Veselin Hasabaliev 15. Place of the Kaval in the Folklore Life of Bulgaria 16. The Folk Music Music one of the universal international languages. Folk musicthe most precious nationaltreasureforeverynation. Letslove, preserve and develop our national folk music.