Building the competence of your workforce | Teresa Budworth, Chief Executive, NEBOSH
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Transcript of Building the competence of your workforce | Teresa Budworth, Chief Executive, NEBOSH
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Building the competence of your workforce
Teresa BudworthChief ExecutiveNEBOSH
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Competence & safety
• The contribution of human factors to accidents at work.• Identifying, assessing and reducing to risk of human errors.• Competency Management Systems• Securing competence in health and safety professionals.
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Swiss Cheese Model
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Updated Swiss Cheese Model
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Human Failure
• Errors• Violations– Routine– Situational– Exceptional
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Human Error
• Rasmussens Model– Skills based– Rules based– Knowledge based
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Types of Error
• Skills based– Slips– Lapses
• Rule based– Mistakes– Misperceptions
• Knowledge based– Mistakes
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Minimising error
• Job Factors• Organisational Factors• Individual Factors
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Job factors
• Analysis of tasks and appraisal of likely errors.• Work planning • Ergonomics– layout of control panels, – displays of process information, – control devices, – balance between automatic and human contribution to safety actions
• Design of procedures • Environmental factors, lighting, noise, etc.
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Organisational Factors
• Scheduling of work patterns to control fatigue and stress.• Clear safe systems of work and barriers to their abuse• Learning from previous incidents• Two-way communications• Clear processes for co-ordination and defining responsibilities
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Individual factors
• Skill and competence levels defined• Policies to detect and deal with drug or alcohol use impairing performance• Processes for support in the event of medical problems
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Competence
• Prevents knowledge based error• Repertoire of rule based behaviours
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Bow Tie Model
Fault and Hazard Analysis
Consequence and escalation analysisEvent
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Prevention & control barriers Mitigation Barriers
Causal Direction
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Accident at Esso Plant, Longford, Victoria, Australia
• Operators did not understand dangers of cold metal embrittlement• Carried out incorrect sequence of actions. • Organisational failures– Previous incidents not investigated – resident engineers removed – no one to refer to for an expert opinion– Assessment could be passed without understanding significance of answers
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COMAH Requirements
• Human reliability • Structured identification– Safety-critical tasks, – Procedures and responsibilities in the measures for prevention, control and mitigation
• Establish and assure competence
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Competence
“Health and safety competence is the combination of knowledge, skills and experience that ensures roles are fulfilled and tasks completed with due regard to the hazards involved and the risk control measures necessary.”
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Competence stages for the individual
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The Rumsfeld Aphorism
“As we know, there are known knowns. These are things we know we know. We also know there are known unknowns. That is to say we know there are some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns – the ones we don’t know we don’t know”
Donald Rumsfeld, 12 February 2002
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Competence Management System
Establish requirements
Design
Implement
Maintain Competence
Audit & Review
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Establish Requirements
• Purpose & scope– Where is competence required to control risks?
• Establish competence standards
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Design the CMS
• Procedures, methods and work instructions to operate CMS developed• Establish how each competence standards is met and assessed• Identify learning needs• Maintain managers’ competency
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Implement CMS
• Select and recruit• Train, develop and assess• Control activities– Staff & contractors– Only undertake work for which they are competent
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Maintain competence
• Monitor and reassess performance• Update competence• Manage sub-standard performance• Keep records
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Competence Management System
Establish requirements
Design
Implement
Maintain Competence
Audit & Review
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Competence of Safety Professionals
What knowledge, skills and behaviours underpin competent performance?
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Education and training
• Knowledge:– Identification, evaluation & control of hazards
• Skills:– Investigation, interviewing, auditing, communication…
• Behaviours:– Influencing, motivating, reflective practice
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Summary
• Competence is key in ensuring safety • Training & experience do not guarantee competence• Consider– Competence Management Systems– Systematic training needs analysis– Underpinning knowledge– Performance based assessment