Building Stimulus
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connect / collect
matthew schexnyder|05|14|2010building stimulus: revere beach, ma
fragmented habitats
boston logan
proposed site
Coastal saltmarshes such as the Rumney Marshes (Revere, MA) and the Bell Isle Marsh (Winthrop, MA) support hundreds of flora and fauna species, dozens of which are endangered or protected. These isolated fragments of habitat are remnants of what at one time characterixes the entire Massachusetts Bay region. A new connecting infrastructure between these isolated landscapes could reestablish important links for the migration of plants, animals, and people.
Habitat in the vicinity of urban development is characterized by fragmentation as opposed to connectivity. Core, support, and wetland habitats are confined topatches and corridors, frequently the remnants of the previous rural landscapes or new habitatsthat have been created or evolved within the urban matrix.
Massachusetts has 47 rare wetland-dependent species, such as the bald eagle, the Plymouth red-bellied turtle, and the piping plover. Of these rare species, 28 are animals and 19 are plants.
core habitat ACECs
species supported exclusively by state core habitats & wetlandsindividual animal species individual plant species
alewifeblueback herringsmeltbass
raccoonred foxmuskratmeadow vole
ribbed musselsoft-shell crabrazor crab
snowy egretgreat blue heronternglossy ibisbuffleheadblack duckplover
spike grassmarsh astersea lavendermarsh orachblack grass
salt hay grassnative reedglasswortcordgrasssaltmeadownarrowleaf cattail
alewifeblueback herringsmeltbass
raccoonopssumfield mousecoyotesnakered-bellied turtle
ribbed musselsoft-shell crabrazor crab
least ternploversnowy owl sandpipergoose
rumney marsh
belle isle marsh
manipulating the ecotone
ecotone 0 ecotone 1 ecotone 2
Core and critical habitats (depicted above) are separated by vast extends of urban development. This limits the capacity of these fragmented landscapes to support the diversity of species that they might if they were composed in a larger network. By manipulating the ecotone, or border regions, of these landscapes (core, critical, developed) it is possible to increase the interaction and migration of plant and animal species.
minimun border exposure, limited species interaction
increased border exposure, greater species interaction
overlapping border exposure, habitat pockets allow species interaction
distribution of fragmented habitatse
Habitat (and its associated benefits to biodiversity, storm water management and recreational use) can be linked by large features such as river corridors, woodland and other substantial tracts of semi-natural habitat. This planning is a large-scale view of landscape and urban infrastructure. These features should be connected to one another by preserving existing links or creating additional linkages in the landscape. Smaller features such ashedgerows, streams and treelines that are identified at the habitat-scale can form additional linkages.In order to do this, landscape and ecological features should be taken into account within the regionalframework of planning.
Isolated cores can become linked networks. Infrastructure supported corridors can link isolated cores, support and wetland zones into large-scale systems for habitat, water management, and human-use. These corridors can be designed to utilize existing natural and man-made features. Existing transportation infrastructure can link this network to the greater metro area in two key places OAK GROVE and WONDERLAND. These nodes can then become entry points for recreation and natural systems education.
habitat connectivity infrastructure
T
T
connect / collect
matthew schexnyder|05|14|2010building stimulus: revere beach, ma
site program|componentssite ecotones
off-site
mbta hotel
offices
residences
community
off-site
beach
beach
path as connector/collector
pro
gra
m
pro
gra
m
pa
th
pro
gra
m
constructed wetlands
residential
office
hotel &retail services
mbta
regional path1/2 mile of path connects site to regional
pedestrian system/path surface and subsurface acts as
water collector
eastern county drainage1/2 mile drainage connects eastern revere to rumney marsh wetlands/
the drainage collects run-off for +50 acres of urban landscape
programmbta connects the site to the boston
metro area/hotel, retail, and new residential program
collects users at system hub
pervious groundcoverlandscape design connects habitats and
increases ecotone overlap/pervious groundcover and slope
manipulated to collect water resources
streets & parking
I
I
II
III
III
IIshared hardsurfaces connect traditional vehicle access with program and path/
were possible, these elements are integrated into water collection systems
residences
mbta hotel
0’ 50´ 100’ 200´
site planscale 1” = 100’
n
off-sitte
beach
beach
off-site
connect / collect
matthew schexnyder|05|14|2010building stimulus: revere beach, ma
10% 11%
12% 0% 2% 6%
13% 0%
0%6%
5%
3% 7% 2% 6%
5%1% 6%
1%
6%
0%
0%
2%
20
4
6
12
12
12
3
3
16
5 a-a
b-b
c-c
d-d
e-e
cfm
groundcover
woodland evergreen (.08n)
woodland deciduous (.11n)
dense riparian (.03n)
short native grasses (.025n)
constructed wetland (.02n)
sand dune (.02n) paved surface (.01n)
run-off flow rateslope (%)section
a
b
c
d
e
a
b
c
d
e
landscape and drainage sections | slope and ground cover vs. hardscape run-off rates
To maintain a series of distict sections of slope and groundcover (which together manipulate run-off rates emptying into the site drainage) low, minimal retaining walls are situated in the landscape. These corten, weathered steel walls segment the landscape into drainage channels. The walls formally organize the landscape into a variety of zones and contribute to site stormwater management and collection.
section I | community access
existing residential drainage and path planted slope street beach
storm drain from street catchbasin
street drainage catchbasin
landscape drains to path retention tank/swale street drains to landscape
concrete drain pad drain to municpal infrastructure
erosion prevention geotextile concrete sidewalk
street/landscape drainageAs an infrastructure scale project, the site strategy focuses on integrating new landscape design and path services with existing infrastructure to improve performance and sustainability. The section (above right) across the site attempts to show that the landscape is actually a component of the site drainage and path system. In fact, careful consideration is given to the process of water run-off, drainage, and collection from the street (detail at left)down to the management system and finally out to the local wetlands.
street/landscape drainageswale/path systemscale 1/32” = 1’
scale 1/2” = 1’
typical land-use and run-offevapotranspiration & infiltration run-off
forests and wetlands
streets, rural areas
commercial sites
urban development
Impervious surface cover (75%-100% in dense urban areas) is linked to regioal surface water-quality and aquafier replenishment as well as infrastructure waste water issues. Core habitat and wetlands help manage stormwater run-off but are also subjected to the negative effects of run-off from adjacent large, impervious surface cover.
connect / collect
matthew schexnyder|05|14|2010building stimulus: revere beach, ma
swale drain to wetlands catchbasin/maintenance
surface flow collected from landscape
retaining wall with surface drain
12” dia. concrete pier
24”x24” porous concrete pavers
5mm permeable geotextile w/planting grid
24”x24” porous concrete pavers
non-compacted soil mix
overflow drainsseating
sump drain to grey water reuse
drain footingplumbing to building greywater pump plumbing from path retention cell
overflow drain to wetlands
6”-8” non- compacted soil mix
retention cell
maintenace sump
storm level
normal level
to residential grey water distribution
hardwood deck
wetlands swale
5 mm permeable geotextile
6”-8” compacted gravel
structural, cellular retention tank (9000 US Gal)
steel frame
overflow drain to wetlands
swale/path water management systemscale 1/2” = 1’
scale 1/2” = 1’
hardwood deck
catch basin/maintenence access
2’x2’ porous concrete pavers
overflow drain to swale
local drainage to wetlands
grey water distribution to residential
steel frame
6”-8” non-compacted gravel
5mm permeable geotextile
structural cellular water retention grid
6”-8” compacted gravel
12” concrete pier
native wetlands vegetation
porous basin on geotextile fabric allows
plant growth
swale drains to wetlands
retention tank supplies residential grey water
upslope vegetaion filters run-off water
prior to collection
connect/collect
stormwater retention at proposed residential
swale and path system components
The path itself is the main architectural feature of the regional strategy. Given such a prominent role, it is clear that there is an opportunity for the path to be something more than just a surface to travel on. The path plays a double role: 1) it connects people and places on-site and on a regional scale and 2) it collects a valuable resource, water, for a variety of functions. These functions range from run-off detention to on-site storage and treament. and vary based on program needs and site location.
The detail and diagrams (top and right) show the functional relationship between the landscape, the path, and the wetlands swale which drains the entire site (and much of the north half of Revere).
One function for on-site water retention is grey water collection and re-distribution. For the proposed residential, the path and swale collect stormwater as a resource for use in the buildings’ grey water systems. Grey water can be used to save 5-36% of clean water consumption per household. The typical American family uses as much as 400 gallons of freshwater per day. Grey water can be used for lawn irrigation and toilets. Installing a grey water system for the entire residential project reduces the system installation cost per resident, making it an affordable and sustainable feature.
connect / collect
matthew schexnyder|05|14|2010building stimulus: revere beach, ma
storm level
normal level
section II | event plaza/garagescale 1/32” = 1’
scale 1/4” = 1’
scale 1/32” = 1’
The section at the event plaza and covered garage show the relationship between proposed residential spaces, the path, and site parking which is covered by a functional program element. The garage roof serves as a collector of rainwater and human activity. The intended program for the event plaza is outdoor concerts and and community activities. The plaza is another form of topography that invites exploration and serves as a large surface area for water collection. The path surface sits on a concrete/metal deck which acts to deliver rain water to the path collector below the lower event plaza deck.
path
kiosks/services
event plaza/garage
hotel/mbta
street
street kiosks streetstreet
beachnew residential/swale
retail/mbta parking
event/garagelower event/pathresidential swale
lower event plaza
section at garage/hotel/service kiosks
upper event plaza/garage
parking garage roof & event plaza
2’ steel drain cover
non-compacted gravel
overflow drain to wetlands
to proposed residential grey water distribution
lighting
sufrace drains to path
concrete on metal deck
steel frame
concrete retaining wall
street drains to surface landscape
surface drain from street
landscaped slope beyond
concrete retaining wall
12” dia. concrete pier
scale 1/4” = 1’
to hotel/mbta storage and treatment
scale 1/8” = 1’kiosk and water storage section
The kiosks hold program and serve as large water collectors. The sloped entry ramp (each kiosk is depressed 18” below path grade) is ideal for channelling water into two retention cells each having a 10,000 gallon capacity. The kiosks’ proximity to the hotel and MBTA allow water storage for treatment and subsequent use in the larger site facilities. Ideally, the hotel and MBTA complex would be capable to treat large quantities on grey water on-site for use in mechanical and plumbing systems.
storm level
storm level
normal level
normal level
maintenance sump catchbasin concrete/metal deck on steel frame
lighting
2 x 10,000 u.s. gallon water retention cells
hotel storage/treatment tanks hardwood deck
entry 18’ below path grade
deck mounted on concrete tank
phase 2 | 2015 phase 3 | 2020 phase 4 | 2030hubs paths connect collectIdeal hubs offer three specific criteria: ADJACENCY TO CORE/SUPPORT HABITATS, ACCESS TO PUBLIC TRANSPORT and SPECIFIC PROGRAM NEEDS. The four proposed hubs (below) meet all of these criteria. The distinct habitats of each of these hubs can be linked by the proposed path
brownfield site
run-off management
water contaminants
Phase 2 includes the extension of the paths into adjacent core and support habitats maintaining a light ecological footprint. The goal in this phase is to create access to habitat and green space for the purposes of awareness, education, and recreation.
The overall goal of this regional strategy is to connect fragmented habitats to provide lanes for species migration and human use. Phase 3 connects the identified hubs to complete an alternative and reparative network. Where possible, brownfields adjacent to the hubs are regenerated.
Besides the path itself, the service kiosk is the architectural element that will be repeated at each proposed hub in the new network. The kiosk will be the recognizable symbol to users that they have encountered an important node along the path. Each hub can offer services tailored for the site program. Here, the kiosks offer a variety of beach services as well as services oriented to exploring the path and its destinations.
Top right: A key element of the path program (which fosters greater access to the Revere site via the path network) is the electric bicycle rental program. A kiosk at each hub will rent electric bicycles which can be returned to any kiosk along the route. This allows one-way rather than round-trip journies on the path. The electric bicycle will allow users to travel greater distances along the path network, turning it into a legitimate alternative mobility network.
Middle right: The kiosk courtyard is the main collection point for the entire strategy.
Right: The kiosk courtyard is the one portion of the path that refuses linearity. Like the embedded ecotones, the kiosks interrupt the linear flow of traffic and generate unprescribed circulation patterns and interactions.
Once the regional hubs are connected by the path and its associated landscape interventions, the path iself can begin to branch out into the urban fabric and core/support habitats alike. The path becomes a collector of human users, fauna, flora, and previously disintegrated habitats.
system which includes biodiversity lanes. For human use, the connection of these hubs via path offers an alternative pedestrian link between neighborhoods that currently does not exist. Phase 1 sets the site program and connects the site to adjacencies via the path-habitat system.
phase 1 | 2010
kiosk elevations
program kiosk | beach services
regional strategy
connect / collect
matthew schexnyder|05|14|2010building stimulus: revere beach, ma
suffolk downs
wonderland
oak grove
fells reservation
rumney marsh
mystic river reservation
belle isle
wellington
development
forest habitat
wetlands habitat
hikers wildlife
studentsresidential
residential public transit
public transit
public transit
public transit
athletes
commuters
estuary habitat
river habitat
public showers/lockers
cafe
kayak and gear rental
path information traversable roof
finished floor 18” below path surface
allows seating
roof appears to peal away from path
surface
glazed facade on tracks for natural
ventilation
open plan for program flexibility
retail
electric bicycle rental
retail
path lift shelter
kiosk as path and shelter
scale 1/8”= 1’