Building Services 12638, 12639, 12640, 12641, 12642.pptx

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Transcript of Building Services 12638, 12639, 12640, 12641, 12642.pptx

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    Building Services

    Electricity loads, demands and ElectricityAct

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    Electrical Load

    The Electrical Load is The part or component in a circuit thatconverts electricity into light, heat, or mechanical motion.

    Examples of loads are a light bulb, resistor, or motor.

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    Formula for Estimating Energy Consumption

    This formula is used to estimate an appliances energy use!

    (Wattage Hours Used Per Day) !!! " Daily #ilo$att%&our ('W&)consumption

    " #ilo$att %#&' ( ",))) &atts

    *ultiply this by the number of days you use the appliance during the year f

    the annual consumption in #&h per year.

    Estimating nnual Cost to un an ppliance *ultiply the annual consumption in #&h per year %that you calculated abov

    by your local utilitys rate per #&h consumed to calculate the annual cost trun an appliance.

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    Formula for Estimating Energy Consumptio

    E*amples+

    Windo$ fan+%+)) &atts - hoursday "+) daysyear' / ")))( 01 #&h +.2) 3s#&h(+-) 3syear

    Personal Computer and ,onitor+4%"+) &atts 5 "2) &atts' - hoursday 612 daysyear7 / ")))( 60- #&h +.2) 3s#&h( 082year

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    -ypical Wattages of .arious ppliances

    A9uarium ( 2):"+") &atts

    ;offee ma#er ( 0)):"+))&

    ;lothes $asher ( 62):2))&

    ;lothes dryer ( "8)):2)))&

    2&&indo$ ( 22:+2)&=urnace ( >2)&

    ?air dryer ( "+)):"8>2&

    ?eater %portable' ( >2):"2))&

    ;lothes iron ( "))):"8))&

    *icro$ave oven ( >2):""))&

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    -ypical Wattages of .arious ppliances

    Personal computer

    CPU - awake / asleep = 120 / 30W or less

    Monitor - awake / asleep = 150 / 30W or less

    Laptop = 50 Wa!io "stereo# = $0%&00 W

    e'ri(erator = $25W)ele*isions "color#1+, = 5%110 W2$, = 113 W3, = 133 W.lat screen = 120 W

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    -ypical Wattages of .arious ppliances

    )oaster = 00%1&00W)oaster o*en = 1225 WC/ = 1$%21 / 20%25 Wacuum cleaner = 1000%1&&0 WWater eater "120 ltr# = &500%5500 W

    Water pump "deep well# = 250%1100 WWater e! "with heater, no cover# = 120%30 W

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    Calculating /ingle% and 0%P&ase Parameter

    /ingle%P&ase Calculations

    'W " (. 1 PF) 2!!!3

    =or the sa#e of simplicity, lets assume the po$er factor %@=' is unity. Therefore, the abbecomes

    'W " (. 1) 2!!!3

    Solving for , the e9uation becomes

    1 " 2!!!'W .%E9uation "'

    o$, if $e loo# at the C",))) / D portion of this e9uation, $e can see that by insertrespective singleFphase voltage for CD and dividing it into the C",))), you get a speconstant' you can use to multiply C#& to get the current dra$ of that load at the re

    =or example, the constant for the "+)D calculation is 8.66 %",))) / "+)'. Gsing this co" becomes

    1 " 4300'W.

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    Calculating /ingle% and 0%P&ase Parameter

    So, if you have a ")#& load, you can calculate the current dra$be 86.6A %") 8.66'. f you have a piece of e9uipment that dra$8)A, then you can calculate the relative siHe of the re9uiredpo$er source, $hich is ")#& %8) / 8.66'.

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    Calculating /ingle% and 0%P&ase Parameter

    =or 6Fphase systems, $e use the follo$ing e9uation!

    'W " (. 1 PF 3506) 2!!!3

    Again, assuming unity @= and solving this e9uation for C, $e ge

    1 " 2!!!'W 3506.3

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    ?o$ to calculate electricity demand for abuilding

    =or eg. f $e have to calculate electricity demand for type - and ty2 residential bloc# of our college

    Total no. of 9uarters in type - and 2 ( 1-

    o$ electricity demand for each 9uarter,

    Light points ( +)I1)&( "+))$ or ".+#$ =an ( >I8)&( ).21#$

    ?eating point% "2 amp' (F >I")))( >#$

    2 amp plug ( ")I8)( ).8)#$

    Jther electrical appliances ( +.-))#$

    Total electricity consumption ( "+#$

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    ?o$ to calculate electricity demand for abuilding

    o$ total electricity demand for 1- houses ( "+ #$ I 1-( >18#$

    o$ to fulfill this demand $e need a transformer of more than >18#

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    Electricity Act +))6

    Electricity Act +))6 is an Act to consolidate the la$s relating togeneration, transmission, distribution, trading and use ofelectricity and generally for ta#ing measures conducive todevelopment of electricity industry, promoting competitiontherein, protecting interest of consumers and supply of electric

    to all areas, rationaliHation of electricity tariff, ensuringtransparent policies regarding subsidies, promotion of efficientand environmentally benign policies constitution of ;entralElectricity Authority, 3egulatory ;ommissions and establishmentAppellate Tribunal.

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    eed for EA +))6

    eed for EA +))6 The Electricity Act +))6 $as re9uired to harmoand rationaliHe the provisions in the existing la$s to F ;reatecompetitive environment for benchmar# competition $hich $illin enhancing 9uality and reliability of service to consumer.

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    3ole of Kovernment

    /ection 0 ;entral Kovernment has to prepare ational Electricity@olicy and Tariff @olicy.

    /ection 7 ;entral Kovernment has to notify a ational @olicy forrural areas permitting standalone systems based on rene$able annonFconventional energy sources in consultation $ith States.

    /ection 8 ;entral Kovernment has to formulate a ational @olicyconsultation $ith the concerned State Kovernments for bul#purchase of po$er and management of local distribution throughGsers Association, ;ooperatives, =ranchisees and @anchayatnstitutions.

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    3ural Electrification

    /ection 9 Appropriate Kovernment has to endeavor to extendsupply of electricity to all villages, or hamlets.

    /ection 7 o re9uirement of license if a person intends togenerate and distribute po$er in rural area.

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    Keneration

    /ection 5 Keneration of electricity has been freed from licensire9uirement of TE; for nonFhydro generation has been done a$

    /ection :;aptive Keneration is free from controls. Jpen accescaptive generating plants is subMect to the availability of transmfacility.

    /ection 4 ;learance of ;EA for hydro proMects is re9uired. t is ndue to concern of dam safety and interFState issues.

    /ection 9 Keneration from onF;onventional Sources and ;oFgeneration has to be promoted. 3egulatory ;ommissions may prminimum percentage of purchase of po$er from rene$ables.

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    Transmission

    /ection 04 ; 0: There $ould be transmission utility at the ;entre aStates to underta#e planning N development of the transmission sys

    /ections 692 652 02 04 ; 0: Load despatch is to be in the hands ogovernment company or organiHation. Load despatch function is critstability and neutrality visFOFvis generators and distributors.

    /ections 8 (8) (

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    ;onsumer @rotection

    /ection 70 ;onsumer has to be given electricity connection $ittime. There is penalty in the event of failure to give connection

    /ection 75 The distribution licensee has to pay interest on secu

    /ection 8! 3egulatory commission has to specify Electricity sup

    /ection 89 (6) o sum due from consumers recoverable after a years unless the same $as sho$n recoverable continuously.

    /ection 76

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    ;onsumer @rotection

    . /ection 85 Licensee has to furnish to the ;ommission periodicinformation on standards of performance.

    /ection 99 (8) Appropriate government has to constitute adistrict level committee to coordinate N revie$ extension ofelectrification in each district and to revie$ 9uality of po$er

    supply and consumer satisfaction. to be follo$ed by the licensee

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    Trading *ar#et

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    3egulatory ;ommission Appellate Tribunal

    /ection 46 State Electricity 3egulatory ;ommission %SE3;' has to $ithin six months.

    /ection 40 There is provision for Point ;ommission by more than o

    /ection !2 ; 6 There is provision for constitution of Appeconsisting of ;hairman and three *embers. The functions of Appel

    are to hear appeals against the orders of ;E3;SE3;, and also to egeneral supervision and control over the ;entralState ;ommission

    /ection 68 Appeal against the orders of Appellate Tribunal lies bSupreme ;ourt. Appellate Tribunal is considered necessary to reduand delay in decisions through ?igh ;ourt and provide technical exdecision on appeals.

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    Tariff @rinciples

    /ection 96 3egulatory ;ommission has to determine tariff for supply of elecgenerating companies on long or medium term contracts. ?o$ever, if tariff through competitive bidding or $here consumers, on being allo$ed open acagreement $ith generatorstraders, no tariff fixation by regulatory commiss

    /ection 9 (g)2 (&) ;onsumer tariff should progressively reduce cross subsidto$ards actual cost of supply.

    /ection 98 State Kovernment may provide subsidy in advance through the bspecified target groups if it re9uires the tariff to be lo$er than that determ3egulatory ;ommission.

    /ection 9 (e)2 (f) 3egulatory ;ommissions may underta#e regulation includdetermination of multiyear tariff principles, $hich re$ards efficiency and iscommercial principles.

    /ection 96 (6) 3egulatory ;ommissions are re9uired to loo# at the costs of

    transmission and distribution separately.

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    ;EA %;entral Electricity Authority'

    /ection 5! ;EA $ill continue as the main technical Advisor of theKovernment of ndia and State Kovernment $ith the responsibilitof overall planning.

    /ection 50 ;EA has to specify the technical standards for electricplants and electrical lines. t is the technical adviser to ;E3; as $as SE3;s.

    /ection 80 ;EA has to specify the safety standards.

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    *easures against Theft of Electricity

    /ections 69 ; 08 The focus should be on revenue realiHationrather than criminal proceedings.

    /ection 08 @enalties are lin#ed to the connected load and9uantum of energy and financial gain involved in theft.

    /ection 86 There are provisions for compounding of offences.

    /ection 69 Assessment of electricity charges for unauthoriHeduse of electricity by the assessing officer designated by the StatKovernment.

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    -&an' =ou

    Submitted by ! "+168

    "+160 "+1-) "+1-" "+1-+