BUILDING SCIENCE 2 PROJECT 2 REPORT

BUILDING SCIENCE 2 PROJECT 2: INTEGRATION PROJECT

[BLD 61303 / ARC 3413]

TUTOR: MR. RIZAL NAME: YVONNE CHIN YUN MIIN STUDENT ID: 0315662

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. ABSTRACT 02

2. FLOOR PLANS 03

3. LIGHTING 08

3.1 DAYLIGHT FACTOR ANALYSIS 08

3.2 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING ANALYSIS 15

3.3 PERMANENT SUPPLEMENTARY ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING

INTERIORS (PSALI) 23

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1. ABSTRACT

Building Science Project 2 is a project integrated with our respective Architectural Studio 5

final design. The module of this project is for the us to understand the principles of the contextual

lighting design in our final Studio 5 design. Throughout this project, we will learn to encompass on

the artificial and daylighting system, likewise, implementing the PSALI design strategies to utilize

the daylight as far as practicable and using artificial lighting to supplement the daylight in the

interior spaces. Building simulations will be tested using any Building Information Modelling (BIM)

software like Autodesk Revit, Ecotect (unfortunately discontinued), Vasari, Velux and other

alternative software.

For the end result, this report will be compiled to show our understanding of the lighting

designs in each category for our final design and having the critical thinking skills to solve

sustainability design issues on natural lighting and site analysis using the BIM simulation. This

practice and research activity will help to incorporate artificial and daylighting designs into our

future sustainable building designs.

The design proposal is located at the famous Petaling Street, seemingly packed with variety

of stalls and cultural items, where people and the community normally appear at this area to

experience the diversity of the heritage essences. We are to design a community library as an

urban infill in a few of the chosen shophouses along the street. Hence, references are made based

on Malaysian building design codes and standards, especially the Malaysian Standards (MS

1525), for daylight factors and illuminance level for required spaces.

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2. FLOOR PLANS

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3. LIGHTING

3.1 DAYLIGHT FACTOR ANALYSIS

Daylight factor is normally used under overcast sky conditions and most commonly uses

metric units when studying physical models to test daylighting designs in simulations. Daylight factor

outputs are used in making comparisons relatively of daylight penetration into the building under

overcast sky conditions and it is less useful in climates with a too much direct sunlight.

𝐷𝐹 = 𝐸𝑖 (𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒)

𝐸𝑜 (𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒)×100%

Where,

Ei: Illuminance due to daylight at a point on the indoors working plane

Eo: Simultaneous outdoor illuminance on a horizontal plane from an unobstructed hemisphere of

overcast sky.

*Average daylight level in Malaysia (EH) is assumed to be 32000lux.

Zone DF% Distribution

Very Bright >6 Large (including thermal and glare problem)

Bright 3 – 6 Good

Average 1 – 3 Fair

Dark 0 – 1 Poor

Table 1. Daylight factors and distribution (Department of standards Malaysia, 2007. Source: Mr. Siva’s lecture note)

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3.1.1 Café

The café was chosen as the daylight factor analysis because it is located at the ground floor with

and outdoor café space as the purpose to put the café at the back alley Lorong Petaling is to create a

placemaking activity that could help activate the back alley and change the community’s perspective

views of the dangerous back alley into a place where they could enjoy and hang out. The height of the

café is 3.06 meters and it consists of a brick cladding façade with two glass windows.

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Café lighting contour during 9.00am

Daylighting Factor Calculation

Floor Area / m2 9.354 x 5.796 = 54.22

Area of facade exposed to sunlight / m2 12.61 x 3.06 = 38.59

Area of skylight / m2 0

Exposed Facade & Skylight Area to Floor

Area Ratio / Daylight Factor, DF

38.59+0

54.22 x 100%

= 71.17% x 0.1

= 7.11

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Natural Illumination Calculation

Illuminance Example

120,000 lux Very Bright Sunlight

110,000 lux Bright Sunlight

20,000 lux Clear Sky

1000 – 2000 lux Overcast Day

400 lux Sunrise / Sunset on Clear Day

< 200 lux Midday

40 lux Fully Overcast

< 1 lux Sunset, Storm Cloud

Using the Daylight Factor formula, illuminance of the café can be calculated.

Given Eo = 20000 lux (Clear Sky)

DF = 𝐸𝑖 ( 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒)

𝐸𝑜(𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒) 𝑥 100%

7.71 = 𝐸𝑖 (𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒)

20000 𝑥 100%

Ei = 1422 lux

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3.1.2 Gallery

The gallery located at the front façade is to attract the artist community of Petaling Street to

explore the library with its artwork and having various art workshops help there as well. The gallery has

a comparatively higher indoor illuminance than the café. This helps the gallery to perform natural lighting

on the artworks without using too much artificial lighting in creating poetic scenes.

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Gallery lighting contour during 9.00am

Daylighting Factor Calculation

Floor Area / m2 9.19 x 5.94 = 54.59

Area of facade exposed to sunlight / m2 29.59 x 3.06 = 90.55

Area of skylight / m2 0

Exposed Facade & Skylight Area to Floor

Area Ratio / Daylight Factor, DF

90.55+0

54.59 x 100%

= 165.9% x 0.1

= 16.6

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Natural Illumination Calculation

Illuminance Example

120,000 lux Very Bright Sunlight

110,000 lux Bright Sunlight

20,000 lux Clear Sky

1000 – 2000 lux Overcast Day

400 lux Sunrise / Sunset on Clear Day

< 200 lux Midday

40 lux Fully Overcast

< 1 lux Sunset, Storm Cloud

Using the Daylight Factor formula, illuminance of the café can be calculated.

Given Eo = 20000 lux (Clear Sky)

DF = 𝐸𝑖 ( 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒)

𝐸𝑜(𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒) 𝑥 100%

16.6 = 𝐸𝑖 (𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒)

20000 𝑥 100%

Ei = 3320 lux

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3.2 ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING ANALYSIS

3.2.1 Computer Lab

The height of the computer lab is 3.06 meters. This room is not directed with any natural lighting hence

artificial lighting is used to supply the internal illuminance for the users with suitable working space.

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Type of lighting fixture used

Image Type of Lighting LED Downlight

Lamp Luminous Flux

(lm)

1090

Specification LED 80% Energy Saver

Rated Colour

Temperature

6500K

Colour Rendering Index 100

Luminaire Type Built in LED Downlight

Wattage 14.4W

Placement Indoor lighting

Source: My part in Project 1 Fixtures in Ruang Shah Alam

Lumen Method Calculation

Dimension of Space / L × W (m) 6.5× 6.086

Total Floor Area / A (m2) 40

Types of Lighting Fixtures Super Power LED Spot Light

Number of Lighting Fixtures / N 9

Lumen of Lighting Fixtures / F (lm) 1090

Height of Luminaire (m) 3.06

Height of Work Level (m) 0.8

Mounting Height / Hm (m) 2.26

Reflection Factors Ceiling: White finished concrete (0.45)

Wall: Brick Wall (0.25), Wooden Laminated

Sheets (0.25), Grey Concrete Wall (0.20)

*Wall average = 0.23

Flooring: Carpet Flooring (0.20), Wooden

Laminated Flooring (0.30)

*Flooring average = 0.25

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Room Index, RI / K

𝑅𝐼 =𝐿 × 𝑊

𝐻𝑚 ×(𝐿 + 𝑊)

RI =6.5 × 6.086

2.26×(6.5+6.086)

=1.39

Utilization Factor / UF

(Referred Table)

0.4

Maintenance Factor / MF 0.8

Standard Illuminance (Lux) Working interiors: 300 (MS 1525)

Illuminance Level / E (Lux)

𝐸 =𝑁×(𝐹×𝑈𝐹×𝑀𝐹)

𝐴

E=9×(1090×0.4×0.8)

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78.48

Total Illuminance / E (Lux)

78.48

Discussion:

The total illuminance in the computer room is 66.71 lux. According to the recommended

illuminance by the MS 1525, a working interior room should be 300 lux. The computer lab does not meet

the recommended standard illuminance.

The computer lab is suggested have a minimum of 5000 lux with the number of the lighting fixtures

in order to meet the required illuminance for the space, lighting up the space for users in the computer

lab and not strain their eyes from the computer.

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Calculation below determined the number of additional lighting fixtures’ lumen needed:

LED Downlight

𝐸 = 9×(4200×0.4×0.8)

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= 302.4 𝑙𝑢𝑥

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝐸 (𝑙𝑢𝑥) = 302.4

The above calculations showed that increasing the lumen power to 4200 lux is able to reach the

recommended standard illuminance for an interior working space, with a slight exceeding illuminance

level of 2.4 lux. This will help illuminate the space better, giving the users in the space a better lighting

experience.

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3.2.2 Individual Study Pod

The study pod with the largest area of 17 m2 is chosen to calculate the number of artificial light

needed for a study area of a small compact individual space. This space is also having the height of 3.06

meters.

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Types of lighting fixture used

Image Type of Lighting Panasonic Compact

Bulb

Lamp Luminous Flux

(lm)

1200

Specification Compact Energy Saving

Bulb; Soft Warm

Rated Colour

Temperature

6700K


Luminaire Type Changeable compact bulb

Wattage 18W

Placement Interior Lighting

Source: Panasonic


Dimension of Space / L × W (m) 5.83 × 2.96

Total Floor Area / A (m2) 17.25

Types of Lighting Fixtures Panasonic Compact Bulb

Number of Lighting Fixtures / N 5

Lumen of Lighting Fixtures / F

(lm)

1200




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Room Index, RI / K


𝐻𝑚 ×(𝐿 + 𝑊)

RI =5.83 × 2.96

2.26 ×(5.83+2.96)

= 0.69


(Referred Table)

0.2


Standard Illuminance (Lux) Multipurpose: 300 (Panduan Teknik JKR)


𝐸 =𝑁×(𝐹×𝑈𝐹×𝑀𝐹)

𝐴

E=5×(1200×0.2×0.8)

17.25

55.65

Total Illuminance / E (Lux)

55.65

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Discussion:

The total illuminance of the study pod is 55.65 lux, which according to the recommended

illuminance by the MS1525, the study pod should be 300 lux. This zone is very badly lit and should

increase the lux value by 6 times.

Calculation below determined the number of additional lighting fixtures’ lumen needed:

Panasonic Compact Bulb

Assuming the lumen value of the bulb is 6500 lux.

𝐸 = 5×(6500×0.2×0.8)

17.25

= 301.45 𝑙𝑢𝑥

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝐸 (𝑙𝑢𝑥) = 301.45 𝑙𝑢𝑥

The above calculations showed that increasing the lumen power to 6500 lux is able to reach the

recommended standard illuminance for an interior study room, with a slight exceeding illuminance level

of 1.45 lux. This will help strongly help illuminate the space brighter while the users are using the study

pod for their studies not cause any discomfort to their eyes.

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3.3 PERMANENT SUPPLEMENTARY ARTIFICIAL LIGHTING INTERIORS (PSALI)

3.3.1 Library Book Collection Area

The library’s book collection area is the main area that is provided for the users and the area

with the height of 3.06 meters should be well illuminated due to its large space as well. Focusing on the

book collection area will be provided with daylighting as well.

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Types of lighting fixture

Image Type of Lighting Super Power LED Spot

Light

Lamp Luminous Flux

(lm)

5000

Specification E27 80% Energy Saving

Rated Colour

Temperature

3000K


Luminaire Type Built in LED Spotlight

Wattage 50W

Placement 5 rows along the book

collection area


Dimension of Space / L × W (m) 34.5 × 16.9

Total Floor Area / A (m2) 583.05

Types of Lighting Fixtures Panasonic Compact Bulb

Number of Lighting Fixtures / N N

Lumen of Lighting Fixtures / F

(lm)

5000








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Room Index, RI / K


𝐻𝑚 ×(𝐿 + 𝑊)

RI =583.05

2.86 ×(34.5+16.9)

= 4.0


(Referred Table)

0.48


Standard Illuminance (Lux) Library: 300 lux (MS1525)


𝑁 =𝐸×𝐴

(𝐹×𝑈𝐹×𝑀𝐹)

𝑁 =300×583.05

(5000×0.48×0.8)

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Spacing to Height Ratio

(SHR)

SHR = 1

𝐻𝑚 𝑥 √

𝐴

𝑁

= 1

2.86 𝑥 √

583.05

91

= 0.88

SHR = 𝑆

2.86

0.88 = 𝑆

2.86

S = 2.52m

Fitting Layout by

Approximately (m)

Fittings required along 34.5m wall = 34.5

2.52

= 4.52

= 14 rows

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Number of lamps in each row =

91

14

= 7 lamps

Spacing along 16.9m wall = 16.9

7

= 2.41m

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Fixture Fitting Layout in Library

BUILDING SCIENCE 2 PROJECT 2 REPORT

Education

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