Building Pathways to Credentials and Careers

8/2/2019 Building Pathways to Credentials and Careers

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Gvjlojmi ^etcyez{ taKwfofmtjel{ emo Kewffw{

[_WFMI_CFMJMI BJ[[J[[J J[ YAWD@AWKF GZ KAMMFK_JMI EOVL_[

_A ^A[_[FKAMOEWZ KWFOFM_JEL[ EMO@EBJLZ"[V[_EJMJMI KEWFFW[

Bj{{j{{j~~j Fkamabjk aljkz Kfmtfw


2/16

Egavt tcf Bj{{j{{j~~j Fkamabjk aljkz Kfmtfw

_cf Bj{{j{{j~~j Fkamabjk aljkz Kfmtfw j{ e mam~wa`jt,mam~ewtj{em awiemjxetjam tcet kamovkt{ jmof~fmofmtwf{fewkc am ~vgljk ~aljkz j{{vf{ e``fktjmi yawdjmiBj{{j{{j~~jem{- _cwavic ~vgljk avtwfekc f`àwt{, ~aljkzbedfw fovketjam emo fmieijmi tcf bfoje, BF^K v{f{jt{ emelz{j{ ta fm{vwf tcet tcf mffo{ a` lay emobaofwetf"jmkabf Bj{{j{{j~~jem{, jm ~ewtjkvlew, ewf

kam{jofwfo jm tcf ofpfla~bfmt emo jb~lfbfmtetjam a`~vgljk ~aljkz yjtc tcf vltjbetf iael a` jb~wapjmiekkf{{ ta fkamabjk a~~awtvmjtz-

BF^K j{ bemeifo gz tcf Fmtfw~wj{f Kaw~awetjam a`tcf Oflte!Ca~f Kabbvmjtz Kwfojt Vmjam #FKO!CA^F*, e wfijamel jmemkjel jm{tjtvtjam emo kabbvmjtzofpfla~bfmt jmtfwbfojewz ofojketfo ta {twfmitcfmjmikabbvmjtjf{, gvjlojmi e{{ft{ emo jb~wapjmi ljpf{ jmfkamabjkellz oj{twf{{fo ewfe{ tcwavicavt tcf Bjo[avtc-

7>5> Ell wjict{ wf{fwpfo- Emz ~awtjam a` tcj{ wf~awt bez gf wf~waovkfo yjtcavt ~wjaw ~fwbj{{jam, ~wapjofo tcf {avwkf j{ kjtfo e{8[ewec Yfldfw- Gvjlojmi êtcyez{ ta Kwfofmtjel{ emo Kewffw{, Hekd{am, B[8 Bj{{j{{j~~j Fkamabjk âljkz Kfmtfw, 7>5>-

Bj{{j{{j~~j Fkamabjk âljkz Kfmtfw ? Alo Wjpfw ^lekf, [vjtf E Hekd{am, B[ ;:7>7 #0>5* :??"55>>yyy-bf~kamljmf-awi

_cf Bj{{j{{j~~j Fkamabjk aljkz Kfmtfw wfkfjpf{kwvkjel {v~~awt wab tcf allayjmi avmoetjam{8 tcf K-[-Batt @avmoetjam, tcf @awo @avmoetjam, tcf A~fm[akjftz Jm{tjtvtf, tcf Y-D- Dfllaii @avmoetjam, emo tcfYabfm{ @vmo a` Bj{{j{{j~~j- Eoojtjamel {v~~awt j{

~wapjofo kallegawetjpflz tcwavic tcf Metjamel Yawdjmiâaw @ebjljf{ wahfkt gz tcf Emmjf F- Ke{fz@avmoetjam, @awo, Batt emo tcf Hazkf @avmoetjam- _cfMetjamel Yawdjmi aaw @ebjljf{ wahfkt, jm e{{akjetjamyjtc Gwemoam Wagfwt{ emo Ofgawec apjkc, ~wapjofobvkc mffofo tfkcmjkel e{{j{temkf tcwavicavt tcfemelz{j{ emo owe`tjmi {teif{ a` tcf wf~awt- [~fkjeltcemd{ ta avw {tetf ~ewtmfw{ yjtcjm tcf Yawdjmi aaw@ebjljf{ wahfkt aw tcfjw {viif{tjam{ emo e{{j{temkfovwjmi owe`tjmi {teif{-

Yf ewf el{a f{~fkjellz iwetf`vl aw tcf ffogekd emoojwfktjam ~wapjofo gz tcf [tetf Gaewo aw Kabbvmjtzemo Hvmjaw Kallfif{ emo Fe{t Bj{{j{{j~~j KabbvmjtzKallfif emo Mawtcfe{t Bj{{j{{j~~j Kabbvmjtz Kallfif-

Ekdmaylfifbfmt{


3/16

_eglf a Kamtfmt{

Fsfkvtjpf [vbbewz----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7

Kce~tfw 5Gekdiwavmo8 Bj{{j{{j~~j{ eovlt{ yjtcavt ~a{t{fkamoewz kwfofmtjel{--------------------------------------------------------;

Kce~tfw 7A~~awtvmjtjf{ `aw eovlt{ ta gfkabf kallfif"wfeoz-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------?

Kce~tfw ;Gvjlojmi ~ewtmfw{cj~{ & ~etcyez{8 Apfwpjfy a {fktaw jmjtjetjpf{ emo kewffw ~etcyez{----------------------0

Kce~tfw ?[tetf emo wfijamel baofl{ a {fktaw jmjtjetjpf{ emo kewffw ~etcyez{--------------------------------------------------------:

Kamklv{jam{ emo wfkabbfmoetjam{ `aw kammfktjmiBj{{j{{j~~j{ eovlt{ ta ~a{t{fkamoewz kwfofmtjel{ emo kewffw{ ------------------------------------------------------------------57

5


4/16

Fsfkvtjpf [vbbewz Ekwa{{ Bj{{j{{j~~j tcav{emo{ a` eovlt{ yawd cewo fekc oezta {v~~awt tcfjw ebjljf{ emo tcf kabbvmjtjf{ jm ycjkc tcfzljpf- _cf oftfwbjmetjam emo kabbjtbfmt a` tcf{f eovlt{ j{amf a` tcf {tetf{ iwfetf{t e{{ft{- Cayfpfw, bemz a` tcf{feovlt{, ~ewtjkvlewlz tca{f yjtcavt ~a{t{fkamoewz fs~fwjfmkf,yawd jm lay"yeif hag{ yjtcavt a~~awtvmjtjf{ aweopemkfbfmt- Bawf tcem ;?3,>>> yawdjmi"eif eovlt{ jmBj{{j{{j~~j cepf ma awbel fovketjam gfzamo cjic {kcaal,

emo elba{t 96 ~fwkfmt a` Bj{{j{{j~~j{ yawdjmi"eif eovlt{oa mat cepf e ~a{t{fkamoewz ofiwff- Kammfktjmi eovlt{ ta~a{t{fkamoewz fovketjam emo twejmjmi ~wf~ewf{ tcf {tetf{wf{jofmt{ emo ~vt{ bawf Bj{{j{{j~~jem{ am e ~etc tafkamabjk {fkvwjtz-

Bapjmi eovlt{ jmta ~a{t{fkamoewz fovketjam fm{vwf{ tcettcf {tetf{ yawdàwkf j{ ~wf~ewfo ta bfft tcf ofbemo{ a`Bj{{j{{j~~j fb~lazfw{- Akkv~etjam{ aw yawdfw{ yjtc eme{{akjetf ofiwff ewf ~wahfktfo ta iway gz 5: ~fwkfmt wab7>>3 ta 7>53, e wetf iwfetfw tcem emz atcfw fovketjameliwav~jmi- E{ tcf mffo aw yawdfw{ yjtc fovketjam gfzamo

cjic {kcaal iway{, Bj{{j{{j~~j j{ et wj{d a` cepjmi taa fyyawdfw{ yjtc mfkf{{ewz {djll{ emo, e{ e wf{vlt, leiijmi jmfkamabjk kab~ftjtjpfmf{{-

Bj{{j{{j~~j{ lfeofw{ jm ~a{t{fkamoewz fovketjam, yawdàwkfofpfla~bfmt, {fkamoewz fovketjam, emo jmov{twz e{ yfll e{{tetf emo lakel lfeofw{ ekf e {cewfo kcellfmifta gvjlo ebawf {feblf{{ ~etcyez ta ~a{t{fkamoewz kwfofmtjel{ awtcf {tetf{ eovlt{ tcet lfeo{ ta kewffw eopemkfbfmt emocjicfw yeif{-

Gfzamo yawdjmi eovlt{, ~fw{j{tjmi ta e ~a{t{fkamoewz

ofiwff aw kfwtj`jketf j{ jb~fwetjpf aw Bj{{j{{j~~j{ cjic{kcaal iweovetf{ a` taoez emo tabawway e{ yfll- Yjtcavt~a{t{fkamoewz fovketjam, Bj{{j{{j~~j{ mfyf{t eoojtjam{ tatcf yawdàwkf yjll ekf ojbjmj{cjmi a~~awtvmjtjf{ aw hag{tcet ~wapjof {fl`"{v``jkjfmkz yeif{- Apfw e ?> zfew yawd lj`f,wfkfmt cjic {kcaal iweovetf{ tcet ia am ta wfkfjpf eme{{akjetf ofiwff ewf ~wahfktfo ta fewm /0>>,>>> bawf tcemtca{f yca oa mat kab~lftf cjic {kcaal- Wfkfjpjmi e~a{t{fkamoewz ofiwff kem ~lekf Bj{{j{{j~~j{ zavmif{teovlt{ am e ~etc ta {fl`"{v``jkjfmkz-

_cj{ wf~awt v{f{ oete emo emelz{j{ ta vwtcfw of{kwjgf tcfyjof wemif a` Bj{{j{{j~~jem{ tcet {temo ta gfmf`jt wabjmkwfe{fo fovketjam emo {djll{- Jt el{a ~wa~a{f{ {alvtjam{ awfm{vwjmi ell iwav~{" wab lay"{djll eovlt{, ta wfkfmt cjic{kcaal iweovetf{, ta yawdjmi eovlt{ laadjmi ta fmcemkf{djll{" gfmf`jt wab ~a{t{fkamoewz fovketjam emo yawdàwkftwejmjmi emo ewf gfttfw ~wf~ewfo ta bfft tcf ofbemo{ a`fb~lazfw{ emo jmo uveljtz, ebjlz"{v{tejmjmi hag{ ekwa{{

Bj{{j{{j~~j- _cf ~e~fw j{ gwadfm jmta {fktjam{ tcet ~wf{fmt8

E {me~{cat a` yawdjmi Bj{{j{{j~~jem{ yjtcavt~a{t{fkamoewz kwfofmtjel{, emo ycet tcf{f eovlt{,emo Bj{{j{{j~~j, {temo ta iejm wab jmkwfe{fofovketjam emo twejmjmi-A~~awtvmjtjf{ epejleglf jm Bj{{j{{j~~j aw lay"{djlleovlt{ ta fmcemkf {djll{ emo ~wf~ewf aw kallfif lfpflkavw{fyawd emo tcf gvjlt"jm {v~~awt{ tcfz mffo ta gf{vkkf{{`vl-[fktaw Jmjtjetjpf{8 wjawjtjxjmi yawdàwkf mffo{ ycjlfbapjmi Bj{{j{{j~~jem{ tayewo{ ~a{t{fkamoewz

kwfofmtjel{ emo jm"ofbemo, uveljtz kewffw{-Kewffw etcyez{8 wapjojmi {twami {v~~awt {fwpjkf{ ta~a{t{fkamoewz {tvofmt{ emo kwfetjmi klfew waeobe~{ a`~a{t{fkamoewz kavw{f{ tcet lfeo ta jm"ofbemo, ebjlz"{v{tejmjmi kewffw{-Gf{t ~wektjkf{ jm [fktaw Jmjtjetjpf{ emo Kewffw etcyez{8Baofl{ wab Bj{{j{{j~~j emo gfzamo-

Bfbgfw{ a` tcf {tetf{ yawdàwkf " zavmi emo alo " yjllmffo ~a{t{fkamoewz fovketjam ta {v~~awt tcfb{flpf{ emotcfjw ebjljf{- Gvjlojmi {twetfijf{ emo ~etcyez{ {a tcf{feovlt{ wfkfjpf ~a{t{fkamoewz kwfofmtjel{ tcet ~wf~ewf tcfb

àw epejleglf hag{ jm tcfjw kabbvmjtjf{ j{ amf a` tcf dfz{tf~{ aw ~lekjmi Bj{{j{{j~~j, emo jt{ yawdjmi eovlt{, am e~etc ta fkamabjk {fkvwjtz emo ~wa{~fwjtz-

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5/16

;

GEKDIWAVMO8 BJ[[J[[J^^J[EOVL_[ YJ_CAV_ A[_[FKAMOEWZKWFOFM_JEL[Apfw tcf le{t ;> zfew{, yawd~lekf ofbemo{ cepf owjpfmbawf a` Bj{{j{{j~~j{ eovlt{ ta {ffd avt ~a{t{fkamoewzfovketjam- Jm 5:9:, ;? ~fwkfmt a` tcf {tetf{ yawdàwkfceo ~a{t{fkamoewz fs~fwjfmkf- _aoez, bawf tcem cel` a`tcf {tetf{ yawdfw{" 6? ~fwkfmt " cepf ettfmofo e~a{t{fkamoewz jm{tjtvtjam- Cayfpfw, ?0 ~fwkfmt a`

Bj{{j{{j~~j{ legaw àwkf oaf{ mat cepf àwbel {kcaaljmigfzamo cjic {kcaal-5 @aw tca{f yawdjmi Bj{{j{{j~~jem{yjtcavt ~a{t{fkamoewz fs~fwjfmkf, `jmojmi kewffw{ tceta``fw fkamabjk {fkvwjtz emo hag {tegjljtz j{ gfkabjmijmkwfe{jmilz oj``jkvlt- Ettejmjmi e ~a{t{fkamoewz ofiwff awkfwtj`jketf ~wapjof{ Bj{{j{{j~~jem{ yjtc tcf a~~awtvmjtz ta`jmo fb~lazbfmt jm gfttfw uveljtz, cjicfw yeif hag{ emo~wapjof{ e bawf {fkvwf ettekcbfmt ta tcf yawdàwkf-

_cf pelvf a` eoojtjamel fovketjam àw yawdjmiBj{{j{{j~~jem{ j{ wf`lfktfo jm tcf {tetf{ yeif oete-Bj{{j{{j~~jem{ yjtc {abf kallfif aw em e{{akjetf{ ofiwfffewm e bfojem yeif tcet j{ 59 ~fwkfmt cjicfw tcem

yawdfw{ yjtc ma ~a{t{fkamoewz fs~fwjfmkf, emo tcf ie~ jmyeif{ yjofm{ ta ;0 ~fwkfmt àw Bj{{j{{j~~jem{ tcet ojomat kab~lftf cjic {kcaal-7 _cf yeif oj{kwf~emkzgfkabf{ fpfm bawf ~wabjmfmt ycfm kam{jofwjmi eyawdfw{ lj`ftjbf fewmjmi{- Apfw e ?> zfew yawd lj`f,yawdfw{ yjtc em e{{akjetf ofiwff ewf ~wahfktfo ta fewm/0>>,>>> bawf tcem tca{f yca oa mat kab~lftf cjic{kcaal-; Ijpfm tcf wfletjam{cj~ gftyffm fovketjam emofewmjmi{, f`àwt{ ta wej{f tcf fovketjamel ettejmbfmt a`Bj{{j{{j~~j{ yawdfw{, gz {twfmitcfmjmi kammfktjam{gftyffm eovlt ge{jk fovketjam, kallfif lfpfl ~waiweb{,emo yawdàwkf twejmjmi yjll ~a{jtjpflz e``fkt tcf {tetf{fkamabjk iwaytc emo kab~ftjtjpfmf{{-

Akkv~etjam{ wfuvjwjmi em e{{akjetf ofiwff ~wahfktfo taiway 5: ~fwkfmt `wab 7>>3 ta 7>53Laadjmi àwyewo, tcf mffo àw yawdfw{ yjtc ofiwff{ emokwfofmtjel{ gfzamo cjic {kcaal yjll amlz gfkabf bawf~wamavmkfo- Akkv~etjam{ àw yawdfw{ yjtc em e{{akjetfofiwff ewf ~wahfktfo ta iway gz 5: ~fwkfmt `wab 7>>3 ta7>53, e wetf iwfetfw tcem emz atcfw fovketjamel iwav~jmi-?

Akkv~etjam{ jm tcf cfeltckewf jmov{twz ~wapjof {fpfwelfseb~lf{ a` we~jolz iwayjmi kewffw{ e{ wfij{tfwfo mvw{f{,

ofmtel czijfmj{t{, ~cz{jkel tcfwe~z e{{j{temt{ ell wfuvjwfem e{{akjetf ofiwff emo ewf fs~fktfo ta ~waovkf{vg{temtjel hag a~fmjmi{ apfw tcf mfst 5> zfew{- Am e{tetf lfpfl, Bj{{j{{j~~j{ [tetf Yawdàwkf Jmpf{tbfmtGaewo wf~awt{ tcet 3> ~fwkfmt a` hag{ may wfuvjwfeoojtjamel twejmjmi emo fovketjam gfzamo cjic {kcaal-6

E{ tcf mffo àw yawdfw{ yjtc fovketjam gfzamo cjic{kcaal iway{, Bj{{j{{j~~j j{ et wj{d a` cepjmi taa `fyyawdfw{ yjtc mfkf{{ewz {djll{ emo, e{ e wf{vlt, leiijmimetjamellz jm fkamabjk kab~ftjtjpfmf{{-

Bfftjmi tcf ozmebjk {djll mffo{ a` fb~lazfw{ wfuvjwf{àkv{jmi f`àwt{ ta jmkwfe{f fovketjamel ettejmbfmt a`Bj{{j{{j~~j yawdfw{" zavmi emo alo- Bj{{j{{j~~j{ cewoyawdjmi eovlt{ yjtcavt e cjic {kcaal ofiwff yjll mffoeoojtjamel {djll{ ta cepf a~~awtvmjtjf{ àw hag{ yjtc {fl`"{v{tejmjmi yeif{- [twetfijf{ ta jmkwfe{f eovlt kallfif"wfeojmf{{ emo ~a{t{fkamoewz kab~lftjam ewf jb~fwetjpfàw lay"{djll eovlt{ a` taoez emo tcf `vtvwf-

5 jm 0 Bj{{j{{j~~j yawdfw{ yjtcavt e cjic {kcaalofiwff yfwf vmfb~lazfo jm 7>>:@aw bemz yawdjmi eovlt{, fovketjam ettejmbfmt j{ el{awfletfo ta hag {tegjljtz- _cf kvwwfmt wfkf{{jam ce{beimj`jfo tcf ettfmtjam am vmfb~lazbfmt jm tcf {tetf,emo hag la{{ ce{ mat gffm fs~fwjfmkfo fuvellz ekwa{{fovketjam lfpfl{- Ovwjmi 7>>:, 5 jm fpfwz 7> yawdfw{ yjtce gekcflaw{ ofiwff ye{ vmfb~lazfo- Yawdfw{ yjtcavt ecjic {kcaal ofiwff yfwf {vg{temtjellz bawf ljdflz ta gfvmfb~lazfo, yjtc 5 jm 0 vmfb~lazfo- ^fwjao{ a`vmfb~lazbfmt kem gf cewb`vl ta èbjljf{ gatcfbatjamellz emo `jmemkjellz, ~ewtjkvlewlz àw èbjljf{cfeofo gz lay"{djll, lay"yeif yawdfw{ {twviiljmi ta bedffmo{ bfft- Cjicfw fovketjamel ettejmbfmt kem lfeo ta{tegjljtz jm gatc fb~lazbfmt emo jmkabf tcet j{

jb~awtemt àw cewoyawdjmi Bj{{j{{j~~jem{ am e ~etc tafkamabjk {fkvwjtz-

E`wjkem Ebfwjkem emo ycjtf Bj{{j{{j~~jem{ fuvellzwf~wf{fmtfo ebami tcf ~a~vletjam yjtcavt e cjic{kcaal ofiwffGz tedjmi e bawf jm"of~tc laad et tcf fovketjamelettejmbfmt a` tcf {tetf{ eovlt{, e klfewfw ~jktvwf fbfwif{a` Bj{{j{{j~~jem{ ~atfmtjellz gfmf`jtjmi wab jmkwfe{fo{djll{ emo kallfif kwfofmtjel{- _cf teglf gflay jllv{twetf{tcet ;:-0 ~fwkfmt a` ycjtf eovlt{ fmofo tcfjw awbelfovketjam jm cjic {kcaal, kab~ewfo ta 6;-: ~fwkfmt a`

E`wjkem Ebfwjkem eovlt{- Cayfpfw, tcf mvbgfw a` ycjtfemo E`wjkem Ebfwjkem eovlt{ yjtcavt e cjic {kcaal ofiwffj{ elba{t fuvel- @aw tcf tya wekjel iwav~{, kla{f ta 36,>>>eovlt{ cepf mat wfkfjpfo e cjic {kcaal ofiwff aw fuvjp"elfmt- _cf lewif mvbgfw a` ycjtf emo E`wjkem Ebfwjkemeovlt{ yjtcavt e cjic {kcaal ofiwff vmofw{kawf{ cayjb~awtemt jt j{ ta ~wf~ewf bawf lay"{djllfo eovlt{ tatwem{jtjam jmta kallfif"lfpfl kavw{f{-3

Fovketjamel ettejmbfmt a` eovlt{eif{ 76"6? gz wekf, B[, 7>>3

Elba{t 96& a` Bj{{j{{j~~j{ yawdjmi"eif eovlt{oa mat cepf e ~a{t{fkamoewz ofiwff

59-?&

:-3&

9-:&

6-5&

Vmfb~lazbfmt layfw awBj{{j{{j~~jem{ yjtc kallfif fs~fwjfmkf

Ycjtf E`wjkjem Ebfwjkem

Ma cjic {kcaal oj~labe!IFO 57-;& 5:-9&

Cjic {kcaal oj~labe!IFO Amlz 79-;& ;?-7&[abf ~a{t {fkamoewz fovketjam #ma ofiwff* 7?-3& 7?-3&

E{{akjetf ofiwff aw cjicfw ;6-9& 75-;&

Mvbgfw a Eovlt{ yjtc ma cjic {kcaal oj~labe!IFO 3?,756 30,53>

[avwkf8 Yawdjmi aaw @ebjljf{ wahfkt, a~vletjam Wf`fwfmkf Gvwfev, emelz{j{ a`7>>3 Ebfwjkem Kabbvmjtz [vwpfz

[avwkf8 Fkamabjk aljkz Jm{tjtvtf Emelz{j{ a` Kvwfmt a~vletjam [vwpfz

[avwkf8 Ebfwjkem Kabbvmjtz [vwpfz, 7>>0"7>>3 ;"Zfew Epfweif{

Kce~tfw 5

_cf ;?3,976 eovlt{ #eif 76"6?* jm Bj{{j{{j~~j yjtcma àwbel fovketjam gfzamo cjic {kcaal bfe{vwf{bawf tcem 57 tjbf{ tcf mvbgfw a` {tvofmt{ ycaiweovetfo `wab ell B[ cjic {kcaal{ jm 7>>:-0"9


6/16

A^ÂW_VMJ_JF[ @AW EOVL_[ _AGFKABF KALLFIF"WFEOZ

E {tvoz a` eovlt {tvofmt{ #76$ zfew{* yjtc, et ba{t, e cjic{kcaal fovketjam avmo tcet tcfwf j{ e tj~~jmi ~ajmt jmkabbvmjtz kallfif fovketjam ycfwf lay"{djll eovlt{tvofmt{ wfkfjpf tcf iwfetf{t yeif gfmf`jt- _cf tj~~jmi~ajmt akkvwwfo ycfm {tvofmt{ wfkfjpfo amf zfew a` kallfifkwfojt{ emo e kwfofmtjel- Kab~ewfo ta {tvofmt{ yjtc lf{{

tcem 5 zfew a` kallfif, tca{f yjtc 5 zfew a` kwfojt emokwfofmtjel ceo emmvel fewmjmi{ tcet epfweifo /9,76>cjicfw aw {tvofmt{ yca {tewtfo yjtcavt e cjic {kcaalkwfofmtjel emo /?,56> cjicfw aw {tvofmt{ {tewtjmi yjtc eIFO aw cjic {kcaal oj~labe-:

Eovlt{ ~fw{j{tjmi ta tcf tj~~jmi ~ajmt wfkfjpfo {vg{temtjelyeif iejm{- Cayfpfw, tcf {tvoz avmo tcet lf{{ tcem 5!; aÈGF emo IFO {tvofmt{ beof tcf twem{jtjam ta kallfif"lfpfl kavw{f{, emo lf{{ tcem 0 ~fwkfmt fmofo v~ wfekcjmitcf tj~~jmi ~ajmt yjtcjm jpf zfew{-5> Pfwz fy lay"{djll{tvofmt{ yfwf eglf ta ~fw{j{t ew fmavic ta wfeljxf tcf yeif

iejm{ wab ~a{t{fkamoewz fovketjam-

@aw lay"{djll Bj{{j{{j~~jem{ a` yawdjmi eif laadjmi tajmkwfe{f yeif{ tcwavic fovketjam, tcf ~etcyez gfijm{ jmtcf kabbvmjtz kallfif{ emo tcf {tetf{ YawdàwkfJmpf{tbfmt Mftyawd-

Kabbvmjtz kallfif{ emo kallfif wfeojmf{{Bj{{j{{j~~j{ 56 kabbvmjtz kallfif{ ewf e bejm fmtwz~ajmt aw {tvofmt{ {ffdjmi ~a{t{fkamoewz fovketjam emotwejmjmi- Kallfif{ oa mat hv{t {fwpf {tvofmt{ tcet ewf wfeozta tedf kallfif"lfpfl kavw{f{- @aw eovlt{ yca ojo matiweovetf wab cjic {kcaal aw mffo wfbfojetjam jm tcfewfe{ a` ge{jk betc, wfeojmi, emo ywjtjmi, kabbvmjtzkallfif{ ewf e dfz ~wapjofw a` kavw{f{ ta gwjmi {tvofmt{ tae kallfif"wfeoz lfpfl-

A~~awtvmjtjf{ àw Ifttjmi Lay"{djllEovlt{ Kallfif"Wfeoz

Eovlt Ge{jk Fovketjam #EGF* emo IFO ~wf~ewetjamkavw{f{ ewf em jmpelveglf ljmd aw eovlt{ tcet {ffd tajmkwfe{f {djll{ emo wfkfjpf e cjic {kcaal kwfofmtjel- EGF~wapjofw{ {fwpf e yjof wemif a` {tvofmt{, bemz a` ycjkcewf eovlt{ {ffdjmi ta v~iweof {djll{ emo fpfmtvellz wfkfjpfe IFO- EGF {vghfkt{ wemif wab lay"lfpfl ljtfwekzta betc emo wfeojmi kavw{f{- Kavw{f{ ewf a``fwfo wff a`kcewif et e ojpfw{f wemif a` laketjam{ jmklvojmi kabbvmjtzkallfif{ emo YJM Hag Kfmtfw{-

_wejmjmi a~~awtvmjtjf{ tcwavic tcf {tetf{ YawdàwkfJmpf{tbfmt MftyawdAvt{jof a` tcf kabbvmjtz kallfif {z{tfb, atcfw twejmjmi{v~~awt{ fsj{t aw Bj{{j{{j~~j{ yawdjmi eovlt{- @awyawdjmi eovlt{ tcet ewf jm lay"yeif hag{ aw {twviiljmi ta`jmo fb~lazbfmt, Bj{{j{{j~~j{ Yawdàwkf Jmpf{tbfmtMftyawd #YJM* ~lez{ e kwjtjkel walf jm ~wapjojmijmàwbetjam, {v~~awt, emo, jm {abf ke{f{, twejmjmi taeovlt{- @vmofo ~wjbewjlz tcwavic Yawdàwkf Jmpf{tbfmtEkt vmo{ #YJE*, Bj{{j{{j~~j ce{ e mftyawd a` ?0 YJM Hag

Kfmtfw{ oj{gvw{fo ekwa{{ ? Yawdàwkf Jmpf{tbfmt Ewfe{-@wab E~wjl 7>>3 ta Bewkc a` 7>>:, YJM Hag Kfmtfw{{fwpfo apfw ;9,>>> eovlt{ jm Bj{{j{{j~~j-55

YJM Hag Kfmtfw{ ~wapjof {fwpjkf{ {fuvfmkfo jm tcf awofwa` kawf, jmtfm{jpf, emo twejmjmi {fwpjkf{- _wejmjmi {fwpjkf{bez gf epejleglf ta eovlt{ emo oj{laketfo yawdfw{ ycacepf wfkfjpfo et lfe{t amf kawf emo amf jmtfm{jpf {fwpjkf-_wejmjmi j{ jmemkjellz {v~~awtfo jm amf a` tya yez{- Amfyez j{ tcwavic Jmojpjovel _wejmjmi Ekkavmt{ #J_E{* tcet~wapjof vmo{ aw eovlt{ ta {flfkt kavw{f{ wab eme~~wapfo lj{t a` fovketjam ~wapjofw{- Fovketjam ~wapjofw{

jmklvof kabbvmjtz kallfif{, vmjpfw{jtjf{, ~wjpetfjm{twvktaw{, emo eovlt ge{jk {djll{ ~wapjofw{- Jm 7>>3, 7,076eovlt yawdfw{ emo 5,?67 oj{laketfo yawdfw{ wfkfjpfo J_E{jm Bj{{j{{j~~j-57

?

Eovlt Ge{jk Fovketjam

#EGF*

IFO wf~ewetjam emo_f{tjmi

Ofpfla~bfmtel

Fovketjam

Of{jimfo aw eovlt{ yjtc ljtfwekz emo betc {djll{ am e

bjoolf aw cjic {kcaal lfpfl- [tvofmt{ tedf tcf _f{t aw

Eovlt Ge{jk Fovketjam #_EGF* emo ewf ~lekfo jm 5 a 0

{djll lfpfl{- Kavw{f{ cfl~ eovlt{ jb~wapf ljtfwekz {djll{

emo bapf tayewo{ IFO ~wf~ewetjam emo kallfif"

wfeojmf{{- EGF kavw{f{ ewf tevict jm tcf 56 kabbvmjtz

kallfif{, 55 ~vgljk {kcaal{, kabbvmjtz awiemjxetjam{,

emo kawwfktjamel jm{tjtvtjam{-

wapjof{ eovlt{ yjtcavt e cjic {kcaal oj~labe tcfa~~awtvmjtz ta ofbam{twetf tcet tcfz cepf dmaylfoif

emo {djll{ fuvjpelfmt ta e cjic {kcaal oj~labe- Kavw{f{

ewf of{jimfo ta ~wf~ewf {tvofmt{ ta tedf fekc

a tcf 6 IFO {vghfkt{ tf{t{-

Bemoetfo àw vmjpfw{jtz emo kabbvmjtz kallfif

{tvofmt{ yca mffo eoojtjamel ~wf~ewetjam gfàwf

gfijmmjmi kallfif"lfpfl kle{{f{- [tvofmt{ tedf wfbfojel

kavw{f{ jm ge{jk ewfe{ {vkc e{ betc, wfeojmi, {kjfmkf,

emo fmilj{c tcet ewf wfuvjwfo gvt oa mat kavmt tayewo{ e

jmel ofiwff- _cf{f kavw{f{ ewf em jb~awtemt ljmd àw

vmofw~wf~ewfo {tvofmt{, gvt kem fstfmo tcf ebavmt a

tjbf mffofo ta kab~lftf e ofiwff-

Kce~tfw 7


7/16

6

[v~~awtjmi Bj{{j{{j~~j{ Mamtweojtjamel [tvofmt{E{ Bj{{j{{j~~j {ffd{ ta kammfkt eovlt{ yjtc ~a{t{fkamoewzkwfofmtjel{, eoojtjamel f`àwt{ ewf mffofo ta {v~~awt tcf{tetf{ mamtweojtjamel {tvofmt{- Jm Bj{{j{{j~~j, tcf behawjtza` {tvofmt{ jm EGF ewf gftyffm eif{ 5: emo 6? emogfzamo tcf tweojtjamel kallfif ~etcyez-5;

Mamtweojtjamel {tvofmt{ a`tfm tedf e lf{{ ojwfkt ~etcyez tae ~a{t{fkamoewz ofiwff tcem tweojtjamel {tvofmt{- _cf`jivwf gflay kab~ewf{ tcf ~etcyez{ a` tweojtjamel emomamtweojtjamel {tvofmt{- _cf mamtweojtjamel {tvofmt ce{bawf ~atfmtjel ie~{ jm tcfjw ~etcyez ta e ~a{t{fkamoewz

ofiwff emo bez eltfwmetf gftyffm yawd emo {kcaal e{tcfz gvjlo tayewo{ e jmel kwfofmtjel-

Yawdjmi eovlt{ emo ~ewfmt{ mffo kavw{f {kcfovlf{ tcetellay {tvofmt{ ta gelemkf yawd, {kcaal, emo ebjlz-Kavw{f{ a``fwfo am tcf yffdfmo{, fpfmjmi{, emo jmkamkfmtwetfo glakd awbet cfl~ {tvofmt{ tcet yawd aw kewfàw kcjlowfm ovwjmi tcf oez- Eoojtjamellz, lay"jmkabfeovlt{ mffo wf{avwkf{ ta kapfw mam"ekeofbjk ka{t{e{{akjetfo yjtc ettfmojmi kle{{, {vkc e{ kcjlokewf emotwem{~awtetjam-

Ekeofbjk {v~~awt{ ljdf cfl~ yjtc kavw{f wfij{twetjam,kavw{f ~lemmjmi, emo kewffw ~lemmjmi ell e{{j{t {tvofmt{tcet ewf vmèbjljew aw mfy ta tedjmi kavw{f{ am e kallfifkeb~v{-

Yawdjmi {tvofmt{ tcet fmwall lf{{ tcem ~ewt"tjbf aw jm{cawt"tfwb twejmjmi wfuvfmtlz kemmat gfmf`jt wab iwemt{ awlay"jmtfwf{t laem{ gfkev{f tcfz oa mat ettfmo kle{{ cel`"tjbf- @jmemkjel ejo j{ mffofo aw tca{f {tvofmt{ tcet tedf eljbjtfo mvbgfw a` kavw{f{, {a tcfz kem {tekd kavw{f{ apfwtjbf ta e jmel ofiwff aw kfwtj`jketf-

Gf{t wektjkf{ jm EGF!IFO jm Bj{{j{{j~~j8Et Fe{t Bj{{j{{j~~j Kabbvmjtz Kallfif #FBKK*, {tvofmt{jm EGF kavw{f{ kabf aw ?"cavw kle{{f{ Bamoez tcwavic_cvw{oez- [tvofmt{ ewf e{{f{{fo fekc @wjoez ta ~wapjofjm{twvktaw{ yjtc em jmojpjovel ojeima{tjk ~wa`jlf emo eiweof"lfpfl fuvjpelfmkz aw tcf {tvofmt- [tvofmt {kawf{cfl~ jm{twvktaw{ ta ievif {tvofmt ~waiwf{{ emo oftfwbjmf j`tcfz ewf wfeoz ta eopemkf jmta IFO ~wf~ewetjam kavw{f{-

Amkf EGF {tvofmt{ cepf tcf {djll{ ta fmtfw IFO kavw{f{,tcfz tedf jmtfm{jpf, amf"yffd kavw{f{ tcet ~wf~ewf{tvofmt{ aw 5 a` tcf 6 IFO {vghfkt tf{t{" betc, lemiveif,ywjtjmi, {kjfmkf, emo {akjel {tvojf{- [tvofmt{ ~wakffotcwavic ell {vghfkt{ ta fewm tcfjw IFO-5?

Avt{jof a` EGF jm{twvktjam, eovlt{ kem el{a kabf ta tcfEGF a``jkf ta {ffd eopjkf aw ~jkd v~ betfwjel{ ta ~wf~ewfàw tcf IFO am tcfjw aym tjbf- Et FBKK, eovlt{ kem el{awfkfjpf e{{j{temkf jm ~wf~ewjmi aw tcf EK_ aw YawdDfz{tf{t{-

Ljdf bemz EGF ~waiweb{, gvoift kvt{ cepf ofkwfe{fo{tetf {v~~awt aw tcf gwaeo wemif a` {fwpjkf{ FBKK~wapjof{ ta {tvofmt{- Cayfpfw, FBKK kamtjmvf{ ta jmojmmapetjpf yez{ ta {v~~awt tcfjw {tvofmt{- FBKK v{f{ e~awtjam a` tcfjw Owa~avt Wfkapfwz @vmo{ ta ~wapjof{tvofmt{ yjtc twepfl pavkcfw{ emo {kcalew{cj~{ aw IFOtf{tjmi ff{, dfz {v~~awt{ tcet cfl~ {tvofmt{ kapfw tcf ka{ta` owjpjmi ta kle{{ fekc oez emo tf{tjmi-

[v~~awt{ ljdf twepfl pavkcfw{ kem bedf e lewif oj``fwfmkfàw tca{f lay"jmkabf eovlt{ {twviiljmi ta bedf fmo{ bffte{ tcfz ettfmo kle{{f{- Bj{{j{{j~~j {cavlo tedf {tf~{ ta

fm{vwf tcet bawf EGF!IFO ~waiweb{ ekwa{{ tcf {tetf v{fwf{avwkf{ ta ~wapjof {tvofmt {v~~awt{ ljdf twepfl pavkcfw{,kcjlo kewf, emo kavm{fljmi {fwpjkf{, {a {tvofmt{ kemgelemkf atcfw wf{~am{jgjljtjf{ e{ tcfz ettfmo kle{{f{-

Kcewektfwj{tjk{ a mamtweojtjamel {tvofmt{8

5: aw apfw ycfm fmtfwjmi kavw{f{4 @jmemkjellz jmof~fmofmt4 Yawdjmi `vll"tjbf4 Wf{~am{jglf àw of~fmofmt{ aw4 Ettfmojmi kavw{f{ ~ewt"tjbf-

_weojtjamel [tvofmt êtcyez

Mamtweojtjamel [tvofmt êtcyez _a E â{t{fkamoewz Ofiwff

CJIC [KCAAL

OJ^LABE

EGF & IFO

YAWD WFEOJMF[[

OFP- FO

KAVW[F[

_FKCMJKEL

KFW_J@JKE_F

E[[AKJE_F

OFIWFF

GEKCFLAW

OFIWFF

VM[DJLLFO

HAG

[DJLLFO

HAG

BEMEIFW &

_FKCMJKEL HAG

[FBJ"[DJLLFO

HAG

FM_WZ"LFPFL

[DJLLFO HAG

E[[AKJE_F

OFIWFF

GEKCFLAW

OFIWFF[DJLLFO HAG

[avwkf8 Wfijamel Jmov{twz [djll{ Fovketjam #WJ[F*


8/16

GVJLOJMI WF[ÂM[JPF YAWD@AWKFÊW_MFW[CJ^[8 WFIJAMEL [FK_AW JMJ_JE_JPF[Yjtcavt ~a{t{fkamoewz kwfofmtjel{, Bj{{j{{j~~j{ eovlt{èkf e hag bewdft yjtc {cwjmdjmi a~~awtvmjtjf{ aw uveljtz,èbjlz {v~~awtjmi hag{- Yjtcavt ~wf~ewfo fb~lazff{,Bj{{j{{j~~j{ fkamabz j{ et wj{d a` la{jmi fb~lazfw{ tcetkwfetf uveljtz hag{ aw jt{ kjtjxfm{-

_cf mffo ta eopemkf bawf yawdjmi eovlt{ tayewo{~a{t{fkamoewz kwfofmtjel{ emo ofiwff{ j{ mat amlzjb~awtemt aw lay"{djll eovlt{, jt j{ el{a jb~awtemt aw tcfapfwell ~wa{~fwjtz a` tcf {tetf{ jmov{twjf{ emo fkamabz-

Vmofw{temojmi tcf kcellfmif Bj{{j{{j~~j ekf{ j{ tcf `jw{t{tf~ tayewo{ jb~lfbfmtjmi wfàwb{ tcet {v~~awt bawfeovlt{ jm tcfjw ~etc ta jmkwfe{f {djll{ emo bapf ta ~a{t"{fkamoewz kab~lftjam- Cayfpfw, uvf{tjam{ el{a fbfwif8

Ycet iwav~{ ewf kwjtjkel ta bapjmi bawf eovlt{tayewo{ ~a{t{fkamoewz kwfofmtjel{1

Ycet iwav~{ bv{t kallegawetf ta fm{vwf tcf pjteljtz

a` Bj{{j{{j~~j{ wfijamel jmov{twjf{ taoez1 Cay kem tcf{f iwav~{ kallegawetf ta bapf tcf{tetf{fkamabz awyewo1

Yawdàwkf eifmkjf{, yawdfw{, fb~lazfw{, fovketaw{,~aljtjkel lfeofw{, emo fkamabjk ofpfla~fw{ ewf ell{abfcay jmpf{tfo jm yawdàwkf ofpfla~bfmt emo tcf{tetf{ fkamabjk pjteljtz- _a gwjmi tcf{f iwav~{ taiftcfw ta{v~~awt wfijamel jmov{twjf{ wfuvjwf{ iwfet ~lemmjmi emokabbjtbfmt wab ell ~ewtjf{-

Amf webfyawd"{fktaw jmjtjetjpf{"kwfetf{ ~aljkjf{ emo

~ewtmfw{cj~{ ta {v~~awt ell tcf{f iwav~{ yjtc tcf iael a`{twfebljmjmi fovketjam emo yawdàwkf ofpfla~bfmt f`àwt{ta bfft em jmov{twz{ mffo aw {djllfo legaw-56

[fktaw jmjtjetjpf{ v{f legaw bewdft oete ta jofmtj`z jmov{twz{fktaw{ jm e wfijam tcet ~wapjof uveljtz hag{ emo cepf e{jimj`jkemt ofbemo aw yawdfw{ emo twejmjmi- Jm atcfw {tetf{{flfktfo {fktaw{ kapfw e gwaeo wemif a` jmov{twjf{"cfeltckewf, eopemkfo bemvèktvwjmi, efwa{~ekf, bewjtjbftwem{~awtetjam, kam{twvktjam, awf{t ~waovkt{, ftk- Wfijam{tz~jkellz yjll akv{ wf{avwkf{ am e fy jmov{twjf{ tcetfscjgjt iwaytc a~~awtvmjtjf{-

Amkf e {fktaw j{ {flfktfo, yawdàwkf eifmkjf{, fovketaw{,fb~lazfw{, emo lakel lfeofw{ kallegawetf ta eljim tcfyawdàwkf mffo{ a` fb~lazfw{ emo tcf fb~lazbfmt mffo{a` yawdfw{- _cf fmo wf{vlt j{ e gfttfw vmofw{temojmi a`yawd~lekf mffo{ emo e twejmjmi!fovketjam jm`we{twvktvwftcet eoe~t{ uvjkdlz ta twejm emo eopemkf lay"{djll yawdfw{jmta uveljtz, ebjlz {v~~awtjmi hag{-

Kewffw etcyez{8 Gvjlojmi {feblf{{ ~etcyez{ ta~a{t{fkamoewz kwfofmtjel{Kewffw ~etcyez{ ewf e dfz kab~amfmt a` emz wfijamel{fktaw jmjtjetjpf- Kewffw ~etcyez{ ewf e {fwjf{ a` kammfktfofovketjam emo twejmjmi ~waiweb{ yjtc {v~~awt {fwpjkf{ tcetfmeglf eovlt{ ta ift hag{ jm {~fkj jk jmov{twjf{- Eovlt{eopemkf apfw tjbf ta cjicfw lfpfl{ a fovketjam emo yawd jmtcfjw jmov{twz- Fekc {tf~ am tcf ~etcyez j{ of{jimfo ta~wf~ewf tcf eovlt àw tcf mfst lfpfl a yawd emofovketjam-

Kewffw ~etcyez{ {fwpf ta {twfmitcfm tcf {z{tfb{ tcet dff~e yawdàwkf kab~ftjtjpf-50

Kewffw ~etcyez{ ~wapjof klfew kavw{f be~{ aw fov"ketjamel eopemkfbfmt aw eovlt{ a` fpfwz {tewtjmi {djlllfpfl" wab EGF ta cjic {kcaal iweovetf{ ta kvwwfmtlzfb~lazfo yawdfw{- _cf webfyawd j{ of{kwjgfo e{8

E kabbvtfw twem{jt {z{tfb tcet j{ wvm am tcf {kcfovlf a`yawdjmi eovlt{ emo tcet kem ekkabbaoetf lat{ a` am"emo"a`` twe``jk, gvt {tjll bedf{ kammfktjam{ ta lami"tfwbof{tjmetjam{---[vkc e {z{tfb yavlo ~wapjof e klfew be~ a`

tcf fovketjamel ~etcyez{ tcet eovlt {tvofmt{ kem allay taeopemkf jm tcfjw hag{ emo ~vw{vf vwtcfw fovketjam,jmojketjmi ycfwf tcfz kem {ta~ avt a` fovketjam aw e

tjbf emo wffmtfw e{ tcfjw kjwkvb{temkf emo wf{avwkf{~fwbjt- 59

_cf gas gflay ~wapjof{ tcf dfz kab~amfmt{ a e kewffw~etcyez{ webfyawd- Kamtjmvfo kcewtjmi a kewffw~etcyez{ jm Bj{{j{{j~~j yjll bfem yawdjmi ekwa{{ ewfe{ tcetbez a~fwetf wfletjpflz jmof~fmofmtlz a amf ematcfw eovltge{jk fovketjam, yawdàwkf fovketjam, ~wa`f{{jamel!tfkcmjkel fovketjam emo ekeofbjk twem{`fw of~ewtbfmt{"{a {tvofmt{ kem eopemkf ta kallfif"lfpfl kavw{fyawd emovltjbetflz {fkvwf fb~lazbfmt jm èbjlz"{v~~awtjmi hag{-53

@aw kewffw ~etcyez{ ta cepf tcf iwfetf{t gfmf jt àwfb~lazfw{ emo yawdjmi"eif eovlt{, fb~lazfw{ bv{t gf epelvfo emo ektjpf ~ewt a ~etcyez ofpfla~bfmt emokamtjmvetjam- Fb~lazfw{ ~lez em jb~awtemt ~ewt jmoftfwbjmjmi emo v~oetjmi wflfpemt {djll{ emo kab~ftfmkjf{ovwjmi kavw{f ofpfla~bfmt- J fb~lazfw{ dmay {tvofmt{ ewf

iejmjmi tcf {djll{ tcfz mffo, tcfz ewf bawf ljdflz ta lfijtjbjxfkewffw ~etcyez{ emo {v~~awt eovlt{ tcet ewf twem{jtjamjmiavt a ~etcyez{ emo jmta fb~lazbfmt-5:Yjtc tcf cfl~ a`fb~lazfw{, kewffw ~etcyez{ kem el{a gf of{jimfo ta bffttcf mffo{ a jmkvbgfmt yawdfw{" gatc jm kvwwjkvlvb emo jm{kcfovljmi- Fb~lazfw jmpalpfbfmt j{ f{{fmtjel ta fuvj~~jmiyawdfw{ yjtc {djll{ tcet ewf jm"ofbemo emo ofiwff{ tcet yjll~wapjof gfttfw hag a~~awtvmjtjf{ e{ eovlt{ fsjt tcfjw ~etcyez-

0

Kce~tfw ;

LegawE{{akjetjam{

Fb~lazfw{

Lfeofw{cj~ jmYawdàwkf

Ofpfla~bfmt

KabbvmjtzLfeofw{

â{t{fkamoewzJm{tjtvtjam{

WFIJAMEL[FK_AW

JMJ_JE_JPF

Dfz ~ewtmfw{ jm wfijamel{fktaw jmjtjetjpf{

Kawf kab~amfmt{ a kewffw ~etcyez{85- Bvltj~lf fmtwz ~ajmt{ àw eovlt fovketjam, yawdàwkf

twejmjmi, emo mat {jb~lz tcwavic cjic {kcaal-7- Jmmapetjam{ jm ~waiweb kamtfmt emo ofljpfwz{vkc e{

lfsjglf {kcfovljmi, kamtfstveljxetjam, jmtfiwetjam a gwjoif kavw{f{-

;- [fuvfmkf a fovketjam emo twejmjmi lfeojmi takwfofmtjel{yjtc pelvf jm tcf legaw bewdft-

?- [v~~awt {fwpjkf{ ~wapjofo gz kabbvmjtz

awiemjxetjam{, kabbvmjtz kallfif{, emo atcfwawiemjxetjam{-

6- [twami walf àw fb~lazfw{ jm ~etcyez ofpfla~bfmt,yawd{jtf twejmjmi, emo kamtwjgvtjam a wf{avwkf{-

[avwkf8 Kfmtfw àw Ley emo [akjel âljkz


9/16

9

[v~~awt {fwpjkf{ ewf e kwjtjkel ~jfkf a kewffw ~etcyez{ emojmkwfe{f tcf ljdfljcaao a {vkkf{{ àw lay"{djll, lay"jmkabfeovlt{- Kewffw ~etcyez jmjtjetjpf{ jm Ewdem{e{, Dfmtvkdz,Awfiam, emo Ye{cjmitam ell ~wapjof {v~~awt {fwpjkf{{~fkj jkellz ketfwfo ta lay"{djll eovlt{-7> @wfuvfmtlz, tcfwebfyawd jmklvof{ cjwjmi em eopj{aw ta yawd et fekckabbvmjtz kallfif tcet j{ ojwfktlz wf{~am{jglf àw ivjojmieovlt{ jm kewffw ~etcyez{- _cf kavm{flaw{ ekt e{ e bfmtawemo ivjof {tvofmt{ tcwavic kle{{ {flfktjam, jmemkjel ejoe~~ljketjam{, twem{~awtetjam & kcjlokewf e{{j{temkf, emo ewfyfll kammfktfo ta avt{jof kabbvmjtz awiemjxetjam{ tcet~wapjof {v~~awt gfzamo ycet tcf kabbvmjtz kallfif{tweojtjamellz ~wapjof-

_cf teglf gflay ~wapjof{ fseb~lf{ a {v~~awt {fwpjkf{ tcettewift tcf mffo{ a lay"{djll eovlt{ tcet wftvwm ta kabbvmjtzkallfif{ àw eoojtjamel fovketjam-

_cf kewffw ~etcyez{ webfyawd {ffd{ ta jmkwfe{f~fw{j{tfmkf tayewo{ e ofiwff àw ell {tvofmt{, mat hv{t tca{ftcet ewf kallfif"wfeoz- Kewffw ~etcyez gwjoif{ ewf kavw{f{of{jimfo ta gwjoif tcf ie~ gftyffm Eovlt Ge{jk Fovketjam#EGF* emo IFO ~waiweb{ emo kallfif"lfpfl kavw{f{- Gwjoifkavw{f{ jmtfiwetf EGF aw ofpfla~bfmtel fovketjam kavw{f{

yjtc em akkv~etjamel kvwwjkvlvb, {a {tvofmt{ kem e~~lzge{jk {djll{ fovketjam ta tcfjw `vtvwf kewffw ~etcyez- Bemzkewffw ~etcyez gwjoif{ el{a a` fw e kfwtj jketf àw kab~lftjmi{tvofmt{- _cf{f kfwtj jketf{ jmkfmtjpjxf {tvofmt{ ta kamtjmvfjmta kallfif"lfpfl kavw{f{ emo ~wapjof tcfb yjtc e {fm{f a ~waiwf{{ emo e kwfofmtjel- _cf Gwjoif{ ta [vkkf{{ gas~wapjof{ bawf oftejlfo jmàwbetjam am gwjoif kavw{f{-

Kewffw ~etcyez{ e{{j{t lay"{djll eovlt{ jm twem{jtjam{ wabkavw{f{ tcet {v~~awt kallfif"wfeojmf{{ ljdf EGF, IFO~wf~ewetjam emo ofpfla~bfmtel fovketjam jmta kallfif"lfpflkavw{f{ tcet kavmt tayewo{ e ofiwff aw kwfofmtjel- Cayfpfwjt j{ jb~awtemt ta matf tcet tcf webfyawd{ kab~amfmt{"bvltj~lf fmtwz emo fsjt ~ajmt{, {fuvfmkfo kavw{f{ lfeojmi takwfofmtjel{, {v~~awt {fwpjkf{ àw {tvofmt{, jmmapetjpf kavw{fkamtfmt, emo fb~lazfw jmpalpfbfmt" el{a cfl~ jmkwfe{f~fw{j{tfmkf àw cjic {kcaal {tvofmt{ tcet ewf gfijmmjmikallfif"lfpfl kavw{f{, àw {abfamf avt a yawd yca mffo{ talfewm mfy {djll{, emo àw jmkvbgfmt yawdfw{ laadjmi ta gaa{t{djll{ emo bfft fb~lazfw ofbemo{- Ycftcfw fmtfwjmikallfif àw tcf jw{t tjbf aw wftvwmjmi, kewffw ~etcyez{ kemgvjlo e gfttfw ~wf~ewfo yawdàwkf jm Bj{{j{{j~~j emo {v~~awteovlt{ jm mat amlz ekkf{{jmi fovketjam, gvt jm ~fw{j{tjmitayewo{ e ofiwff-

Kewffw etcyez{ Kavm{flaw@jmemkjel Ejo E{{j{temkfEkeofbjk Eopj{jmi_jbf Bemeifbfmt Kavw{f{Matf"tedjmi emo _f{t"tedjmi

Kcjlokewf_wem{~awtetjamWf`fwwel{ ta Avt{jof

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GWJOIF[ _A [VKKF[[8 Glfmojmiofpfla~bfmtel emo ge{jk {djll{ kavw{f{ yjtc

akkv~etjamel kamtfmt

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aw mamtweojtjamel {tvofmt{ wab fmtfwjmi emo {vkkffojmijm kallfif"lfpfl kavw{f{-75

Kabbvmjtz kallfif{ ofpfla~ gwjoif{ tcwavic hajmt~lemmjmi gftyffm wfbfojel & akkv~etjamel jm{twvktaw{emo ~wektjtjamfw{ jm tcf jflo- Gwjoif{ bez el{a ~wapjof{tvofmt{ yjtc kavw{f kwfojt tcet kem gf e~~ljfo ta kallfif"lfpfl kavw{f wfuvjwfbfmt{ jm tcfjw kewffw ~etcyez- Kewffw~etcyez gwjoif{ wfuvjwf kla{f ~ewtmfw{cj~{ ebamifovketjam emo twejmjmi {fktaw{ emo eoe~tjpf èkvltzovwjmi kvwwjkvlvb ofpfla~bfmt, gvt kem gf kwjtjkel jmcfl~jmi {tvofmt{ wfletf wfbfojel kamtfmt ta e vtvwf

ofiwff emo kewffw-

Fseb~lf a` e kewffw ~etcyez gwjoif8 [avtcfe{t Ewdem{e{Kallfif ~wapjof{ e amf {fbf{tfw, glakd gwjoif kvwwjkvlvbàw 56 {tvofmt{ wf`fwwfo ta ofpfla~bfmtel fovketjam tcetewf jmtfwf{tfo jm cfeltckewf kewffw{- Jm tcf gwjoif,wfbfojel betc emo wfeojmi kavw{f{ ewf kamtfstveljxfo tatcf elljfo cfeltc jflo- Ewfe ca{~jtel{ ~wapjofo jm~vtovwjmi kvwwjkvlvb ofpfla~bfmt emo {fmt {te`` ta~ewtjkj~etf jm kavw{f jm{twvktjam- Kle{{ fseb~lf{ akv{ amwfel lj`f {kfmewja{, {a {tvofmt{ ewf gfttfw eglf ta kammfktwfbfojel kavw{fyawd ta e vtvwf kewffw- _cwavic tcj{

gwjoif, {tvofmt{ vl`jll wfbfojetjam wfuvjwfbfmt{ ycjlfel{a gfkabjmi gfttfw ~wf~ewfo ta twem{jtjam jmta aw"kwfojt,elljfo cfeltc kavw{f{- Ovwjmi jt{ jw{t ; zfew{, 5? avt a` 56{tvofmt{ jm tcf gwjoif kavw{f{ {vkkf{{`vllz twem{jtjamfo taelljfo cfeltc kavw{f{ kavmtjmi tayewo{ tcfjw ofiwff-77

Gwjoif Kavw{f{ Kammfkt EGF!IFO yjtc Kallfif"Lfpfl Kavw{f{

Eovlt Ge{jk Fovketjam

IFO ^wf~ewetjam

Kallfif"Lfpfl Kavw{f{

_fkcmjkel Kfwtj jketf

E{{akjetf Ofiwff

GWJOIFJM[_WVK_JAM

[avwkf8 Wfijamel Jmov{twz [djll{ Fovketjam


10/16

A~~awtvmjtjf{ `aw `vmojmi a kewffw ~etcyez{ emo kewffw~etcyez{ gwjoif kavw{f{E{ tcf mvbgfw a {tetf{ jb~lfbfmtjmi {tetfyjof kewffw~etcyez{ iway{, {a oa baofl{ aw kcemmfljmi fofwel`vmojmi ta {v~~awt jb~lfbfmtetjam- Ewdem{e{, Jlljmaj{,Dfmtvkdz, Be{{ekcv{ftt{, Acja, Awfiam, Ye{cjmitam, emoYj{kam{jm cepf ell lfpfweifo {abf ~awtjam a kewffw~etcyez{ vmojmi wab avt{jof tcf {tetf- E mvbgfw a `fofwel wf{avwkf{ fsj{t ta {v~~awt dfz kab~amfmt{ a kewffw~etcyez ofpfla~bfmt, jb~lfbfmtetjam, emo kamtjmvetjam- Ewfkfmt wf~awt gz tcf Kfmtfw aw Ley emo [akjel aljkz#KLE[ * oftejl{ tfm ~atfmtjel fofwel vmojmi {avwkf{jmklvojmi" YJE _jtlf J, _weof Eohv{tbfmt E{{j{temkf, Yeimfw^fz{fw Ekt, YJE _jtlf JJ, fll Iwemt{, fwdjm{ Kewffw emo_fkcmjkel Fovketjam, _EM@, emo [ME Fb~lazbfmt emo_wejmjmi-7;

3

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kewffw ~etcyez gwjoif{, emo twejmjmi vmo{ kem gf v{fo aw twejmjmie{{akjetfo yjtc kewffw ~etcyez{-

[tetf lfeofw{cj~ vmo{ #57-6 ~fwkfmt a` tatel* kem gf v{fo ta ofpfla~Yawd awkf Jmpf{tbfmt Ekt _jtlf JJ8 gwjoif kavw{f{, kwfetf mfy {fwpjkf baofl{, ~wapjof ~wa f{{jamelEovlt Fovketjam emo @ebjlz Ljtfwekz ofpfla~bfmt, emo jmtfiwetf ljtfwekz jm{twvktjam yjtc akkv~etjamel {djll

twejmjmi- Bv{t gf v{fo ta ~wapjof eovlt fovketjam emo ljtfwekz {fwpjkf{gflay ~a{t"{fkamoewz lfpfl-

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^fll Iwemt{ ge{fo am tcf {tvofmt{ mffo{- Ovwjmi ~etcyez of{jim, kewf mffo{ ta gftedfm ta bedf kewffw ~etcyez{ kab~amfmt{ fll"fljijglf ge{fo am~waiweb lfmitc emo jmtfm{jtz-

[v~~awt{ fovketjamel ~vw{vjt a` lay"jmkabf eovlt{ yjtc kcjlowfm-@vmo{ kem gf v{fo aw kvwwjkvle ofpfla~bfmt, ka{t{ a` fovketjam emotwejmjmi, kavm{flaw{, emo {v~~awtjpf {fwpjkf{- @vmo{ ewf mat ljbjtfo ta

_fb~awewz E{{j{temkf aw Mffoz wfkj~jfmt{ a` _EM@ ke{c e{{j{temkf- [tetf{ kem {ft jmkabf kwjtfwje aw@ebjljf{ #_EM@* fljijglf ~ewtjkj~emt{- @aw _EM@ wfkj~jfmt{, paketjamel fovketjam kem

amlz kavmt tayewo{ tcf {tetf{ fofwel ~ewtjkj~etjam wetf aw 57 bamtc{ycjkc {fwpf{ e{ e gewwjfw ta _EM@ wfkj~jfmt{ mffojmi kavw{f{ gfzamo 5zfew-

[avwkf8 @vmojmi Kewffw etcyez{ emo Kewffw etcyez Gwjoif{- 7>5>-KLE[ -

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11/16

:

Kce~tfw ?

[_E_F EMO WFIJAMEL BAOFL[ A@ KEWFFWÊ_CYEZ[ EMO [FK_AW JMJ_JE_JPF[_cf àllayjmi ~eif{ ~wapjof tcwff ~wa`jlf{ a` kewffw~etcyez{ emo {fktaw jmjtjetjpf{- Ell a` tcf{fbaofl{ yfwf ofpfla~fo yjtc tcf iael a` kammfktjmilay"{djll eovlt{ ta ofiwff{ emo kwfofmtjel{ ycjlfel{a bfftjmi tcf fpalpjmi {djll mffo{ a` tcf ewfe{fb~lazfw{- _cf baofl{ ~wapjofo ewf8

Ewdem{e{8 Kewffw etcyez{ Jmjtjetjpf4 Bj{{j{{j~~j8 Kawwjoaw Kam{awtjvb4 Awfiam8 Kewffw etcyez{ Jmjtjetjpf-

EWDEM[E[ KEWFFW E_CYEZ[JMJ_JE_JPF #K^J*8Levmkcfo jm 7>>6, Ewdem{e{ Kewffw êtcyez{Jmjtjetjpf #K^J* kammfkt{ fovketjam, twejmjmi emo{v~~awt {fwpjkf{ ta cfl~ lay"jmkabf {tvofmt{ iejmfovketjamel kwfofmtjel{, agtejm fb~lazbfmt emo,ba{t jb~awtemtlz, ~waiwf{{ tcwavic cjicfw lfpfl{ a`fovketjam emo fb~lazbfmt jm e {~fkj`jk `jflo-7? _cf

K^J `webfyawd àwbellz kammfkt{ fovketjamel{tf~~jmi {tamf{ a``fwfo et Ewdem{e{ kabbvmjtzkallfif{ jmklvojmi" Eovlt Fovketjam!IFO, KewffwWfeojmf{{ Kfwtj`jketf{, YEIF Kfwtj`jketf{ , gwjoif~waiweb{, tfkcmjkel kfwtj`jketf{, emo e{{akjetf ofiwff~waiweb{- êtcyez{ àkv{ am e {~fkj`jk cjic ofbemo`jflo {vkc e{ mvw{jmi aw twem{~awtetjam emo kwfetf eàwbel be~ a` kavw{fyawd àw {tvofmt{ ta ettejmuveljtz hag{ jm tcet `jflo-

K^J Fljijgjljtz8 Kvwwfmt aw àwbfw _EM@ wfkj~jfmt{,kvwwfmt wfkj~jfmt{ a` @aao [teb~{, KCJ^, Bfojkejo,aw ~ewfmt{ fewmjmi lf{{ tcem 76> ~fwkfmt a` tcf@fofwel âpfwtz Lfpfl-

Kewffw ~etcyez{ ewf of{jimfo yjtc bemz fmtwz emofsjt ~ajmt{, {a {tvofmt{ kem ettejm e kwfofmtjel, {ffdfb~lazbfmt, emo tcfm kabf gekd emo wf"fmwall ta

iejm eoojtjamel kwfofmtjel{- _a apfwkabf tweojtjamelie~{ jm tcf waeo ta e ~a{t"{fkamoewz ofiwff, {tvofmt{tedf gwjoif kavw{f{ ta jmkwfe{f ~wf~ewfomf{{ àw àw"kwfojt kavw{f{-76

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lfpfl ~waiweb{- Pewjav{ mam"kwfojt kfwtj`jketf{ ewfepejleglf elami tcf yez ta cfl~ {tvofmt{ yca of{jwfbawf jbbfojetf fb~lazbfmt- E`tfw kab~lftjmi amfa` tcf mam"kwfojt kfwtj`jketf{, {tvofmt{ kem kamtjmvftcwavic e Kewffw êtcyez et tcfjw aym ~ekf, fewmjmi,e àw"kwfojt Kfwtj`jketf a` ^wa`jkjfmkz, e amf"zfewKfwtj`jketf, emo fpfmtvellz em E{{akjetf Ofiwff-70

Wf{~amojmi ta Fb~lazfw Mffo{E kvwwjkvlvb kaawojmetaw kamtjmvellz wfpjfy{ lakellegaw bewdft oete emo bfft{ yjtc fb~lazfw{ ta bedf{vwf ~etcyez{ wf{~amo ta lakel ofbemo{- @awfseb~lf, ge{fo am lakel ofbemo ^cjllj~{ KabbvmjtzKallfif ce{ ofpfla~fo kewffw ~etcyez{ jm 6 `jflo{4Jmàwbetjam [v~~awt [fwpjkf{, @ebjlz emo Kabbvmjtz[fwpjkf{, _fekcjmi emo _wejmjmi, _cfwe~fvtjk [fwpjkf{,

emo Cfeltc Jmàwbetjam-79

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gaad{, tvtawjmi, hag {fewkc twejmjmi, jmojpjovel kewffw~lemmjmi, emo kcjlokewf emo twem{~awtetjam pavkcfw{-_cf Ojwfktaw yawd{ kla{flz yjtc tcf Of~ewtbfmt a`Cfeltc emo Cvbem [fwpjkf{, Of~ewtbfmt a`

Yawdàwkf [fwpjkf{, emo Yawdàwkf Jmpf{tbfmt Gaewota jofmtj`z, fmwall, emo {fwpf _EM@ kljfmt{-

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Bft atcfwfljijgjljtzkwjtjfwje

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gz Fljijgjljtz

[avwkf8 Yawdàwkf [twetfiz Kfmtfw

[avwkf8 Yawdàwkf [twetfiz Kfmtfw


12/16

5>

BJ[[J[[J^^J KAWWJOAW KAM[AW_JVB

Jm Mawtc Bj{{j{{j~~j, tcf Bj{{j{{j~~j KawwjoawKam{awtjvb #BKK* kabgjmf{ tcf {twfmitc{ a` ?kabbvmjtzkallfif{( ta {v~~awt fb~lazfw twejmjmimffo{- Jm 7>>?, tcf àvw kallfif{ kebf taiftcfw yjtctcf iael a` jmkwfe{jmi fkamabjk kab~ftjtjpfmf{{ àwtcf 79"kavmtz wfijam tcfz {fwpf- 73, 7: _a bfft tcj{

iael, kabbvmjtz kallfif{ tewift twejmjmi ta gatc avt"

a`"yawd emo jmkvbgfmt yawdfw{ tcwavic oj``fwfmtjmjtjetjpf{-

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_cf BKK lfeofw{cj~ wfkaimjxf{ tcet jmkwfe{jmi tcfmvbgfw a` fb~lazff{ yjtc kwfofmtjel{ jm tcfjwyawdàwkf j{ pelveglf ta kvwwfmt emo `vtvwf kab~emjf{jm tcf wfijam- _cf Kam{awtjvb yawd{ ta twem{jtjamjmojpjovel{ tayewo kfwtj`jketjam{ jm {fktaw{ {vkc e{eopemkfo bemvèktvwjmi, jmàwbetjam tfkcmalaiz,cfeltc kewf emo kab~vtfw a~fwetjam{-;5

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twejmjmi emo kavw{f{ tcet gvjlo {djll{ àw tcav{emo{ a`yawdfw{ ekwa{{ tcf wfijam- Gflay ewf {abf dfzfseb~lf{ a` cay tcf BKK ce{ lfpfweifo wf{avwkf{ tabfft fb~lazfw twejmjmi mffo{-

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_cf Fsj{tjmi Jmov{twz _wejmjmi waiweb cfl~{fsj{tjmi jmov{twjf{ ~wapjof cjic"jb~ekt twejmjmi awkvwwfmt fb~lazff{ jm BKK{ wfijam- Kavw{fa``fwjmi{ ewf ifewfo tayewo{ cjic ka{t twejmjmi tcet~wapjof{ jbbfojetf {djll fmcemkfbfmt aw{tvofmt{ emo e e{t wftvwm am jmpf{tbfmt awfb~lazfw{-;;

Mepjietjmi Fb~lazbfmt A~~awtvmjtjf{ jm Mvw{jmi#MFAM* cfl~{ gwjoif tcf ie~ gftyffm ofbemoemo {v~~lz jm tcf elljfo cfeltc yawdàwkf- MFAMofpfla~{ kewffw ~etcyez{ jm cfeltc kewf, {a{tvofmt{ kem twem{jtjam apfw tjbf wab e IFO ta emvw{f ~wektjtjamfw-;?

E bagjlf yflojmi legawetawz twepfl{ ta kabbvmjtjf{jm tcf wfijam ta bfft lakel twejmjmi mffo{- _cfbagjlf leg j{ vwmj{cfo yjtc yflojmi gaatc{ emo~wapjof{ twejmjmi jm bji, tji, emo {tjkd yflojmi-

_cf BKK wej{f{ yawdàwkf {djll{ emo fewmjmi{_cf Metjamel [twetfijk ^lemmjmi emo Wf{avwkf Kfmtfw#m[ÊWK* et Bj{{j{{j~~j [tetf Vmjpfw{jtz kamovktfoem emelz{j{ a` tcf BKK{ MFAM Jmjtjetjpf-;6 Jm 7>>3elamf, ;7,:6> jmojpjovel{ wfkfjpfo twejmjmi tcwavictcf jmjtjetjpf- A` tca{f, 9: a` tcf vmfb~lazfo~ewtjkj~emt{ àvmo fb~lazbfmt e`tfw tcfjw twejmjmi-_cf epfweif emmvel yeif àw tcf twejmjmi ~ewtjkj~emt{

ye{ /;7,33:- _cf bfojem yeif iejm e`tfw twejmjmiye{ /?,;5; ~fw zfew ~fw jmojpjovel-;0

El{a jm 7>>3, _cf Bj{{j{{j~~j ewtmfw{cj~ YJE,tcwavic tcf BKK, ye{ eglf ta ~wapjof Jmkvbgfmt

Yawdfw _wejmjmi tcet e{{j{tfo 5>> fb~lazfw{ gztwejmjmi apfw 0>> fb~lazff{ jm ewfe{ {vkc e{ lfembemvèktvwjmi, yflojmi, jmov{twjel czowevljk{!~mfvbetjk{, emo jmov{twjel flfktwjkjtz-;9

FSEB LF A@ BKK KEWFFW E_CYEZ

êtcyezFmtwzâjmt

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Fmtwz ajmtJmkvbgfmt

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KewffwWfeojmf{{Kwfofmtjel

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Gja @vfl{_fkcmjkel Lfpfl

JJ

( _cf Bj{{j{{j~~j Kawwjoaw Kam{awtjvb j{ kab~wj{fo a` Jteyebge Kabbvmjtz Kallfif, Mawtcfe{t Bj{{j{{j~~j Kabbvmjtz Kallfif,

Mawtcyf{t Bj{{j{{j~~j Kabbvmjtz Kallfif emo Fe{t Bj{{j{{j~~j Kabbvmjtz Kallfif-

[avwkf8 BKK 7>>: Yawdàwkf [vbbjt Wf~awt


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Kam{awtjvb wfkfjpf{ `vmojmi `wab e gwaeowemif a` {avwkf{Gwaeo ge{fo {v~~awt aw tcf Bj{{j{{j~~j KawwjoawKam{awtjvb j{ wf`lfktfo jm tcf pewjftz a` {avwkf{ tcetcepf {v~~awtfo jt{ twejmjmi ekjljtjf{ emo kavw{f{- _cfKam{awtjvb{ MFAM cfeltc kewf jmjtjetjpf j{ {v~~awtfotcwavic /5-: bjlljam `wab tcf Of~ewtbfmt a` Legaw-_cf [tetf Gaewo a` Kabbvmjtz emo Hvmjaw Kallfif{

emo tcf [tetf Yawdàwkf Jmpf{tbfmt Gaewo kamtwjg"vtfo /5-7 bjlljam ta tcf Bemvèktvwjmi [alvtjamKfmtfw- Ell ka{t{ e{{akjetfo yjtc tcf Fsj{tjmi Jmov{twz_wejmjmi ^waiweb kle{{f{ ewf kapfwfo tcwavic `fofweljmkvbgfmt yawdfw twejmjmi `vmo{ `wab YJE,Bemvèktvwjmi Fstfm{jam êwtmfw{cj~ `vmo{, emoYawdàwkf Fmcemkfbfmt _wejmjmi `vmo{ tcwavic tcf[tetf Gaewo àw Kabbvmjtz emo Hvmjaw Kallfif{-;3

_cwff Wjpfw{ ^lemmjmi emo Ofpfla~bfmt Oj{twjkt emotcf E~~elekcjem Wfijamel Kabbj{{jam gatc ~wapjofo/5>>,>>> àw tcf bagjlf yflojmi leg, emo tcf [tetfGaewo àw Kabbvmjtz emo Hvmjaw Kallfif{ kapfw{ tcfleg{ jm{twvktjamel ka{t{-;:

AWFIAM KEWFFW Ê_CYEZ[Kewffw ~etcyez{ yfwf `jw{t of{jimfo ta bfft lakelfb~lazfw mffo{ et ; Awfiam kabbvmjtz kallfif{- _cf{vkkf{{ a` tcf ~etcyez{ fpfmtvellz lfo Awfiam tajmpf{t jm e {tetfyjof Kewffw êtcyez{ Jmjtjetjpf jm ell59 a` tcf {tetf{ kabbvmjtz kallfif{-?> Awfiam){kabbvmjtz kallfif{ ~ewtmfw yjtc tcf Cjic [kcaal_fkcmjkel Fovketjam Mftyawd, Of~ewtbfmt{ a`

Fovketjam, Fb~lazbfmt, Cvbem [fwpjkf{, emoyawdàwkf jmpf{tbfmt gaewo{ ta eopemkf ~etcyez{- E[tetfyjof êtcyez{ Ojwfktaw apfw{ff{ jmtfiwetjam a`tcf `webfyawd-

_cf iael{ a` tcf {tetfyjof jmjtjetjpf ewf8 5* tajmkwfe{f tcf mvbgfw a` Awfiamjem{ yjtc kfwtj`jketf{,kwfofmtjel{ emo ofiwff{ emo 7* ta ewtjkvletf emo fe{f{tvofmt twem{jtjam{ ekwa{{ tcf fovketjam kamtjmvvb`wab cjic {kcaal ta kabbvmjtz kallfif4 `wab ~wf"kallfif #EGF!IFO!F[L* ta ~a{t{fkamoewz4 emo `wabkabbvmjtz kallfif ta vmjpfw{jtz aw fb~lazbfmt-êtcyez{ tewift tcf cjic"ofbemo jmov{twjf{ a`cfeltckewf, bemvèktvwjmi, emo bemeifbfmt-

Jmtfiwetjmi kewffw ~etcyez{ et kabbvmjtz kallfif{Yawdjmi ekwa{{ {jla{ tcet fsj{tfo jm kabbvmjtzkallfif{ ta jmtfiwetf tcf kewffw ~etcyez{ `webfyawd~wf{fmtfo e kcellfmif- A`tfm ~waiweb{ a~fwetfovmofw {f~ewetf jm{tjtvtjamel bj{{jam{ emo yfwf matkallegawetjmi wfivlewlz- _a cfl~ kallfif{ jmtfiwetf~etcyez{ emo gwjoif jm{tjtvtjamel gewwjfw{, tya{tetfyjof ~etcyez ekeofbjf{ yfwf cflo jm 7>>6

emo 7>>9- ^ffw {v~~awt emo lfewmjmi fskcemif{ yfwfpjtel ~ewt{ a` tfkcmjkel e{{j{temkf ~wapjofo et fekcekeofbz-

Wf{~amojmi ta fb~lazfw mffo{Awfiam ~etcyez{ ewf of{jimfo ta eoe~t ta mffo{ a`{tvofmt{ emo fb~lazfw{- Lakel"lfpfl fb~lazfweopj{awz kabbjttff{ yawd ta ofpfla~ ~etcyez{ emo

fm{vwf kfwtj`jketf{ bfft lakel fb~lazfw mffo{-Fb~lazfw{ el{a fb~ce{jxfo tcf pelvf a` {cawt"tfwbkfwtj`jketf{ jm eoojtjam ta 7 emo ?"zfew ofiwff{-?5 _cfjmjtjetjpf yawd{ yjtc Amf"[ta~ Kewffw Kfmtfw{ ta cfl~{tvofmt{ yjtc hag ~lekfbfmt emo {djll e{{f{{bfmt-

@vmojmi@vmojmi àw tcf `jw{t ~jlat kebf `wab lakel yawdàwkfjmpf{tbfmt gaewo{ emo tcf Lfeivf a` Jmmapetjam-?7

_cf {tetfyjof jmjtjetjpf vtjljxfo /0-7 bjlljam jm `fofwelemo {tetf `vmo{ `wab 7>>? ta 7>>:- [fpfmtz"`jpf~fwkfmt a` vmojmi kebf wab e Yawdàwkf Jmpf{tbfmtEkt Jmkfmtjpf Iwemt emo 76 ~fwkfmt kebf `wab tcfkabbvmjtz kallfif{ ifmfwel `vmo-?; Iwemt{ takallfif{ {v~~awt ~waiweb ofpfla~bfmt, {tvofmt{fwpjkf{, emo kvwwjkvlvb ofpfla~bfmt-

Awfiam{ Amljmf Waeo Be~ _aal8Cfeltc Emo Bfojkel Ejo

Gwjoif Kavw{f{

Fsjt8 Klfwd jmCfeltc Kewf A``jkf

/70,3;0

Fsjt8 BfojkelKlfwjkel /7:,?;>

Fsjt8 BfojkelE{{j{temt /;7,>?6

Eovlt Ge{jkFovketjam!IFO

Bfojkel Ejoêtcyez Kfwtj`jketf

#76 Kwfojt{*

Bfojkel KlfwjkelKfwtj`jketf

#$73 Kwfojt{*

Bfojkel E{{j{temtE{{akjetf Ofiwff

#$?> Kwfojt{*

Amljmf Kewffw êtcyez{ Waeobe~ Yfgtaal jllv{twetf{ apfw 7>> ~etcyez{,tcfjw fmtwz emo fsjt ~ajmt{, emo hag a~fmjmi{ jm e ~ewtjkvlew ~etcyez-

Kewffw emo Kallfif Eyewfmf{{ Kavw{f ~wf~ewf EGF!IFO {tvofmt{ tafmtfw àw"kwfojt kavw{f{-

Eovlt Ge{jk [djll{ Gwjoif Kavw{f{ ~wf~ewf ge{jk fovketjam {tvofmt{ tatwem{jtjam ta ~a{t{fkamoewz kavw{f{- _cf kavw{f{ kamtfstveljxf ge{jkfovketjam àw cfeltckewf emo bemvèktvwjmi jmov{twjf{-

Kewffw êtcyez{ Kfwtj`jketf{ ~wapjof {tvofmt{ yjtc em fb~lazfw"

wfkaimjxfo kwfofmtjel emo jmkfmtjpjxf {tvofmt{ ta kamtjmvf jm tcfjw ~etcyeztayewo{ e ofiwff aw kfwtj`jketf- Apfw oj``fwfmt 5>> Kewffw êtcyez{Kfwtj`jketf{ fsj{t taoez #{ff fseb~lf gflay*-

Jmmapetjpf Kvwwjkvle emo [fwpjkf{ Jm Awfiam

[avwkf8 Awfiam Kewffw êtcyez Yfg{jtf


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KAMKLV[JAM[_cav{emo{ a` eovlt{ ekwa{{ tcf {tetf {temo ta gfmf`jt`wab ~fw{j{tjmi ta e ~a{t{fkamoewz kfwtj`jketf awofiwff- Avw {tetf{ kabbvmjtz kallfif{ emo yawdàwkftwejmjmi mftyawd ewf tya a` tcf {tetf{ iwfetf{t e{{ft{-Cayfpfw, ta bfft tcf ozmebjk ofbemo{ a` taoez{fb~lazfw{ emo wej{f tcf fkamabjk {fkvwjtz a` lay"{djlleovlt{, Bj{{j{{j~~j ce{ a~~awtvmjtjf{ ta {twfmitcfm

cay tcf{f {z{tfb{ {v~~awt lay"{djll eovlt{ emomamtweojtjamel {tvofmt{ am e ~etcyez tayewo{ e~a{t{fkamoewz kfwtj`jketf aw ofiwff-

_cf wfkfmt fkamabjk wfkf{{jam ce{ wf{vltfo jm{jimj`jkemtlz jmkwfe{fo fmwallbfmt ekwa{{ tcf {tetf{~a{t{fkamoewz jm{tjtvtjam{- [abf a` tcf{f {tvofmt{ewf wfkfmt cjic {kcaal iweovetf{ ycjlf atcfw{ ewf

yawdjmi eovlt{ jm mffo a` mfy {djll{ emo kewffw{- _cfjmkwfe{fo fmwallbfmt el{a bfem{ tcet may, bawf tcemfpfw, jt j{ jb~awtemt tcet kallfif{ cepf wf{avwkf{ emo~waiweb{ emo ~aljkjf{ jm ~lekf tcet fm{vwf ~fw{j{"

tfmkf emo tcet {v~~awt {tvofmt{ am tcf waeo ta e~a{t{fkamoewz kwfofmtjel-

Bj{{j{{j~~j{ ~wa{~fwjtz of~fmo{ am jmkwfe{jmi~a{t{fkamoewz ~fw{j{tfmkf emo kab~lftjam ebami

yawdjmi eovlt{ emo eljimjmi yawdàwkf twejmjmi yjtcuveljtz, jm"ofbemo kewffw{- _cf Kewffw êtcyez{ emo[fktaw Jmjtjetjpf{ of{kwjgfo jm tcj{ wf~awt ~wapjof emepfmvf ta fmcemkf tcf {tetf{ f`àwt{ ta kammfkt bawflay"{djll eovlt{, wfkfmt cjic {kcaal iweovetf{, emo

yawdjmi eovlt{ yjtc pelveglf ~a{t{fkamoewzkwfofmtjel{ emo akkv~etjamel {djll{-

E {jmilf fmtjtz kemmat {v~~awt tcf mffo àw jmkwfe{fofovketjam emo {djll{ ekwa{{ avw {tetf- Bfftjmifb~lazfw {djll ofbemo{ emo eopemkjmi lay"{djlleovlt{ jmta uveljtz kewffw{ yjll tedf tcf kabbjtbfmtemo yjlljmimf{{ a` lfeofw{ jm yawdàwkf ofpfla~bfmt,cjicfw fovketjam, jmov{twz, {fkamoewz fovketjam,

iapfwmbfmt, mam~wa`jt{, emo cvbem {fwpjkf{-Bj{{j{{j~~j mffo{ tcfjw kabgjmfo f`àwt{ ta ~wapjofeovlt{ yjtc tcf fovketjam, kewffw a~~awtvmjtjf{, emofkamabjk {fkvwjtz tcet yjll fm{vwf ~wa{~fwjtz àw tcf

{tetf{ wf{jofmt{ may emo jm tcf `vtvwf-

BJ[[J[[J^^J FKAMABJK ÂLJKZKFM_FW WFKABBFMOE_JAM[

_cf àllayjmi ~aljkz emo ~waiwebbetjk ektjam{ kem fs~emoBj{{j{{j~~j{ f`àwt{ ta ~wabatf ~a{t"{fkamoewz ~fw{j{tfmkf emo kab~lftjam

emo ~wf~ewf e uvelj`jfo yawdàwkf-

5* Kamtjmvf ta {v~~awt {tvofmt ~fw{j{tfmkf tayewo{ e ~a{t"{fkamoewz kwfofmtjel gz fs~lawjmi `vmojmia~~awtvmjtjf{ emo fmkavweijmi jb~lfbfmtetjam a` Kewffw êtcyez{ tcet ~wapjof ywe~"ewavmo {v~~awt{fwpjkf{ emo klfew waeobe~{ ta e ~a{t{fkamoewz ofiwff àw ell {tvofmt{ `wab tca{f jm EGF emo IFO tamamtweojtjamel {tvofmt{ emo wfkfmt cjic {kcaal iweovetf{-

7* V{f tcf {tetf{ uveljtz oete {z{tfb{ ta {twfmitcfm tcf ~fwàwbemkf a` {twetfijf{ ta jb~wapf~a{t{fkamoewz twem{jtjam{ emo kab~lftjam ge{fo am tcf wfpjfyfo avtkabf{-

;* Fmkavweif tcf ofpfla~bfmt a` kewffw ~etcyez{ gwjoif kavw{f{, {a tcet {tvofmt{ jm ge{jk fovketjam emoofpfla~bfmtel fovketjam ewf fs~a{fo ta wfel yawlo, akkv~etjamel kvwwjkvlvb emo kem kammfktkavw{fyawd yjtc e Kewffw etcyez emo `vtvwf kewffw e{~jwetjam{-

?* Gvjlo am Bj{{j{{j~~j{ babfmtvb àw ofpfla~jmi wfijamel {fktaw jmjtjetjpf{ ljdf tcf Kawwjoaw Kam{awtjvbgz kwfetjmi a~~awtvmjtjf{ àw atcfw kam{awtje ta jb~lemt yawdàwkf twejmjmi {twetfijf{ tcet eoowf{{ tcf {djllmffo{ a lakel fb~lazfw{-


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5 Fkamabjk Emelz{j{ Wf{fewkc Mftyawd- [tetf a` Yawdjmi 7>5> Oete-Legaw àwkf Oete [~wfeo{cfft- V~oetfo Hemvewz 56, 7>5>-

7 V[ Kfm{v{ Gvwfev- Ebfwjkem Kabbvmjtz [vwpfz- 7>>0"7>>3 ; zfewepfweif{- _eglf G7>>>?-

; Oez, Hfmmj`fw emo Fwjk K- Mfygvwifw- 7>>7- _cf Gji eza` 8 FovketjamelEttejmbfmt emo [zmtcftjk F{tjbetf{ a` Yawd"Lj`f Fewmjmi{- Kfm{v{Gvwfev Kvwwfmt â~vletjam Wf~awt{-yyy-kfm{v{-iap!~wao!7>>7~vg{!~7;"75>-~o`-

? Of~ewtbfmt a` Legaw- 7>>:- Akkv~etjamel Avtlaad Cemogaad,7>5>"55 Fojtjam- yyy-gl{-iap!aka!aka7>>;-ctb-

6 [tetf Yawd awkf Jmpf{tbfmt Gaewo- 7>>9-[twetfijk lem aw Yawd awkfOfpfla~bfmt jm Bj{{j{{j~~j àw 7>>9"7>>:- A` jkf a` tcf Iapfwmaw-{yjg-b{-iap!egavt![YJGQ[tetfQ^lem!-

0 Yawdjmi âaw @ebjljf{ ^wahfkt- 7>>3- Oete _eglf-Fovketjam emo [djll{ [tetv{ a` Eovlt{-yyy-yawdjmi~aawèbjljf{-awi!jmojketaw{-ctbl-

9 Bj{{j{{j~~j Of~ewtbfmt a` Fovketjam A``jkf a` Wf{fewkc emo [tetj{tjk{-Bj{{j{{j~~j E{{f{{bfmt emo Ekkavmtegjljtz Wf~awtjmi [z{tfb-aw{e~-bof-d57-b{-v{!BEEW[!jmofs-h{~-

3 ^wjkf, Oepjo emo Oepj{ Hfmdjm{- 7>>6- Gvjlojmi êtcyez{ ta [vkkf{{ àwLay"[djll Eovlt [tvofmt{8 Lf{{am{ àw Kabbvmjtz Kallfif âljkz emo^wektjkf `wab e [tetfyjof Lamijtvojmel _wekdjmi [tvoz-Kalvbgje Vmjpfw{jtz Kabbvmjtz Kallfif Wf{fewkc Kfmtfw-

: jgjo-

5> jgjo-

55 Bj{{j{{j~~j Of~ewtbfmt a` Fb~lazbfmt [fkvwjtz- 7>>:- 7>>3 EmmvelWf~awt Yawdàwkf Jmpf{tbfmt Mftyawd a` Bj{{j{{j~~j-yyy-bof{-b{-iap!Cabf!oak{!YJE!YJEQEmmvelWf~awt>3Q@jmel-~o`-

57 jgjo-

5; V-[- Of~ewtbfmt a` Fovketjam A` jkf a` Paketjamel emo Eovlt Fovketjam-7>>9- Eovlt Fovketjam Emmvel Wf~awt ta Kamiwf{{, 7>>?">6-

5? Fbejl emo jmtfwpjfy yjtc Dewfm Uvewwfl{, Ojwfktaw" Eovlt Ge{jkFovketjam, Fe{t Bj{{j{{j~~j Kabbvmjtz Kallfif, :!3!7>5>":!:!7>5>-

56 @aw eoojtjamel wf{avwkf{ {ff Ekkflfwetjmi [tetf Eoa~tjam a` [fktaw[twetfijf{- yyy-{fktaw{twetfijf{-awi-

50 Of`jmjtjam `wab tcf Yawdàwkf [twetfiz Kfmtfw-

59 ^wjkf, Oepjo emo Oepj{ Hfmdjm{- 7>>6- Gvjlojmi êtcyez{ ta [vkkf{{ àwLay"[djll Eovlt [tvofmt{8 Lf{{am{ àw Kabbvmjtz Kallfif âljkz emo^wektjkf `wab e [tetfyjof Lamijtvojmel _wekdjmi [tvoz- KalvbgjeVmjpfw{jtz Kabbvmjtz Kallfif Wf{fewkc Kfmtfw-

53 [tf~cfm{, Wa{emme- 7>>:- Kcewtjmi e êtc8 Em Fs~lawetjam a` tcf[tetfyjof Kewffw êtcyez F`àwt{ jm Ewdem{e{, Dfmtvkdz, Awfiam,Ye{cjmitam emo Yj{kam{jm- [fettlf Hag{ Jmjtjetjpf-

5: jgjo-

7> jgjo-

75 Kfmtfw am Yj{kam{jm [twetfiz- 7>5>- Gvjlojmi Gwjoif{ jm Yj{kam{jm-yyy-kay{-awi!~o`!w~"gvjlojmigwjoif{-~o`-

77 Kam`fwfmkf emfl wf{fmtetjam gz Lzwjk [fzbawf et êtcyez{ ta^wa{~fwjtz8 [fktaw Jmjtjetjpf{ jm tcf Bjo"[avtc-

7; Gejofw, Ellfiwe, ft el- 7>5>-@vmojmi Kewffw etcyez{ emo Kewffwêtcyez Gwjoif{8 E @fofwel âljkz _aaldjt àw [tetf{- Kfmtfw àw Leyemo [akjel âljkz Kfmtfw am â{t{fkamoewz emo Fkamabjk [vkkf{{-

7? Yawdàwkf [twetfiz Kfmtfw- 7>>:- Ewdem{e{ Kewffw etcyez{ Jmjtjetjpf8^waiwf{{ Wf~awt a` Ektjpjtjf{ emo Avtkabf{ ovwjmi ^waiweb Zfew_cwff-

76 [avtcfwm Iaao @ejtc @vmo- 7>>:- _cf Ewdem{e{ Kewffw êtcyez{Jmjtjetjpf #EK^J*-^wf{fmtetjam aw tcf Bj{{j{{j~~j Fkamabjk aljkzKfmtfw- yyy-bf~kamljmf-kab!jbeif{!eobjm!{~atfojt!ettekc!5>!Ewdem{e{QKewffwQêtcyez{QJmjtjetjpfQBW-~o`-

70 Lfekc, Bjdf- 7>>0- _cf [avtcfe{t Ewdem{e{ Kallfif Kewffw êtcyez{^waiweb- [avtcfwm Iaao @ejtc @vmo ^vgljk âljkz ^waiweb-yyy-{avtcfwmi``-awi!Q~o`!~vgQ~~!~~Qp79Q0Q>0-~o`-

79 ^cjllj~{ Kabbvmjtz Kallfif- ^KKVE Kewffw êtcyez{-yyy-~kkve-fov!kewffw~etcyez{!- Ekkf{{fo Hvlz 56, 7>5>-

73 Bj{{j{{j~~j Kawwjoaw Kam{awtjvb Yfg{jtf-yyy-b{kawwjoawkam{awtjvb-kab!-

7: Kalf, Oepjo- 7>>3- _cf Waeobe~"Kabbvmjtz êwtmfw{cj~{- JteyebgeKabbvmjtz Kallfif- ^wf{fmtetjam ta Kfmle Eopemteif êwtmfw{cj~-kfmle-awi!owv~el!{jtf{!ofèvlt!`jlf{!Oak{![vbbjt@vtvwfA`Kfmle!Kalf-~~t

;> [tetf Fmfwiz [fktaw ewtmfw{cj~- 7>>:- wf{fmtetjam ta tcf [tetfYawdàwkf Jmpf{tbfmt Gaewo- Aktagfw 7:, 7>>:-

;5 Bj{{j{{j~~j Kawwjoaw Kam{awtjvb- Yawdàwkf [vbbjt Wf~awt 7>>:-yyy-b{yawdàwkf-awi!~o`!{vbbjtwf~awt"5-~o`-

;7 Ljllz, Hfemjmf- 7>>:- wf{fmtetjam8 7>>3 Emmvel Wf~awt YawdàwkfJmpf{tbfmt Mftyawd jm Bj{{j{{j~~j- Bj{{j{{j~~j Of~ewtbfmt a`Fb~lazbfmt [fkvwjtz A` jkf a` Iwemt Bemeifbfmt-

;; Jteyebge Kabbvmjtz Kallfif Ojpj{jam a` Fkamabjk emo Kabbvmjtz[fwpjkf{- Fsj{tjmi Jmov{twz _wejmjmi ^waiweb-yyy-jkkb{-fov!yawdàwkf!fsj{tjmiQjmov{twz-e{~-

;? Jm{jict Kfmtfw àw Kabbvmjtz Fkamabjk Ofpfla~bfmt- 7>5>-Gvjlojmi Fkamabjk [tegjljtz aw Bj{{j{{j~~j @ebjljf{-yyy-jm{jictkkfo-awi!v~laeo{!~vgljketjam{!fkam"{tegjljtz"B[@-Ô@-

;6 Bj{{j{{j~~j Kawwjoaw Kam{awtjvb- Emmvel Wf~awt 7>>:- Bj{{j{{j~~j [tetfGaewo a` Kabbvmjtz emo Hvmjaw Kallfif{-

;0 Jm{jict Kfmtfw àw Kabbvmjtz Fkamabjk Ofpfla~bfmt- 7>5>-Gvjlojmi Fkamabjk [tegjljtz aw Bj{{j{{j~~j @ebjljf{-

;9 jgjo-

;3 Bj{{j{{j~~j Kawwjoaw Kam{awtjvb [vbbjt Wf~awt- 7>>:- wf{fmtetjam tatcf Bj{{j{{j~~j [tetf Yawdàwkf Jmpf{tbfmt Gaewo- Aktagfw 7:, 7>5>{yjg-b{-iap!wf{!~wf{fmtetjam{!B[KawwjoawKam{awtjvb^wf{fmtetjam;-~o`-

;: Bj{{j{{j~~j Kawwjoaw Kam{awtjvb Yfg{jtf-

?> Yawd{avwkf Awfiam- Egavt Awfiam [tetfyjof etcyez{ Jmjtjetjpf-yyy-yawd{avwkfawfiam-awi!jmofs-~c~!kewffw"~etcyez{!55;"egavtawfiam"{tetfyjof"~etcyez{"jmjtjetjpf

?5 [tf~cfm{, Wa{emme- 7>>:- Kcewtjmi e êtc8 Em Fs~lawetjam a` tcf[tetfyjof Kewffw êtcyez F`àwt{ jm Ewdem{e{, Dfmtvkdz, Awfiam,Ye{cjmitam emo Yj{kam{jm- [fettlf Hag{ Jmjtjetjpf-

?7 Yawd{avwkf Awfiam- 7>5>- Egavt Awfiam [tetfyjof etcyez{Jmjtjetjpf-

?; [tf~cfm{, Wa{emme- 7>>:- Kcewtjmi e êtc8 Em Fs~lawetjam a` tcf

[tetfyjof Kewffw êtcyez F`àwt{ jm Ewdem{e{, Dfmtvkdz, Awfiam,Ye{cjmitam emo Yj{kam{jm- [fettlf Hag{ Jmjtjetjpf-

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Building Pathways to Credentials and Careers

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