Building Operator Certification – Level I · 2014-08-18 · 3/17/2014 5 One-line Schematics –...
Transcript of Building Operator Certification – Level I · 2014-08-18 · 3/17/2014 5 One-line Schematics –...
3/17/2014
1
Building Operator
Certification –Level I
A Partnership of the CUNY Institute for Urban Systems
Building Performance Lab, the CUNY School of Professional
Studies, and the New York State Energy Research & Development
Authority
Building Operator Certification Level I (BOCI)
Building Systems: Electrical
CUNY School of Professional Studies
CUNY Building Performance Lab
The BOC
Schematics for Building Systems
and Distribution: Lesson 3
Class Outline
One-line system schematics> How to draw a one-line schematic> Commonly used symbols
Riser diagram> How to read a riser diagram> Commonly used symbols
Site plans and floor plans> How to sketch a site plan and floor plan
Relating a riser diagram to a floor plan> How to relate the two
C18
Slide 3
C18 Unless I am mistaked, I don't believe we cover:
- Commonly used symbols in riser diagrams.- How to sketch a site plan and floor plan.
I'm not sure we even mention "site" plans.CLASS2009, 8/20/2012
3/17/2014
2
One-line System Schematics
What is it?> A diagram that uses single lines and graphic symbols to indicate
the path and components of a system> It is a simplification from how the system actually looks to show
the relationship and connections between components.
One-line diagrams are used when information about a system is required but details about specific locations and routing are not needed.> How is water/air/electricity being circulated throughout a system?> What types and how many different components are in a system?
C19
The technical name for a light bulb is a Lamp.
The lamp is installed in a fixture, also known as a luminaire.
Watts = the input to a lamp - Electricity consumption is measured and billed in kilowatt-hours (kWh).
Lumens = the total amount of light produced by a source (i.e. the output of a lamp)
I. Lighting Terms
Efficacy - The light output per unit of energy input (Lumens per watt)
Light Level = The Brightness on the Surface is measured in foot candles.
Footcandle is the “amount of light” equal to one candle, held one foot away.
Measuring Light
Slide 4
C19 When and why would an operator use a one-line schematic?CLASS2009, 8/20/2012
3/17/2014
3
Sometimes it is useful to compare the efficiency of different light sources.
Efficacy - The light output per unit of energy input (Lumens per watt)
How effectively a lighting system converts electricity (watts) to useful light (lumens).
Efficacy is like MPG. Goal = as little input for as much output.
Measured in Lumens-per-watt (dividing the lumen output by the watts consumed).> Must count all watts (including the ballast). All ballasts use
some electrical energy. The total watts for these systems must include the lamp watts and the ballast watts.
> Must count only actual lumens, including the Ballast Factor
Comparing Lamp Efficacy
Example of a Power Density CalculationLet’s say room has the following lighting:
• 6 fixtures, each with 4 Fl lamps, each lamp is 32 Watts
• Add 10% for ballast
• Room size is 20’ x 20’
Ballast: The ballast uses some energy, about 10% of the lighting energy. This is added to the lighting energy.
Example: You are going to buy a car for $10,000. The sales tax is 10%. How much is the tax? What is the total cost? $10,000 x 1 = $10,000; $10,000 x 0.1 = $1000
Power Density = Energy (Watts)Area of Room
= 6 x 4 x 32W x 1.1 = 845 W = 2.1 W20 x 20 400 SF SF
Lighting Standards and Energy Codes ASHRAE 90.1 : Energy codes (lower left) are written to place a limit on the amount of
energy being drawn by the lighting in a space.
The Illumination Engineering Society (IES) has developed recommended ranges of illuminance (fc) levels for a wide range of visual tasks (lower right).
3/17/2014
4
Lesson Objectives
Be able to draw a one-line system schematic
Be able to use floor plans and riser diagrams together
Be able to use schematics for assessing systems
Commonly Used SymbolsSimplified symbols are used to represent various components of a system.
Sample key for Electrical.
C1
Commonly Used Symbols
Different kinds of piping are labeled and with different line types. Direction of flow should also be indicated. Single line diagram for a
Dual‐duct system
C2
Slide 11
C1 In class would you review every symbol, would you simply point it out or provide detail about each?CLASS2009, 8/21/2012
Slide 12
C2 DId you separate these symbols from the previous slide or was it simply that you could not fit it on one slide?
Same as previous slide, would you review each? Provide detail?CLASS2009, 8/21/2012
3/17/2014
5
One-line Schematics – Electrical C3
One-line Schematics - Mechanical
C4
One-line Schematics
• In contrast to the floor plans, the schematic allow us to see an entire system circulation loop at one time.
• We can trace the path of flow through each major piece of equipment, out to the loads and back to the “start”
• We can establish approximate distances from the floor plans
C5
Slide 13
C3 What would you review/highlight in the class? For example, would you point to specific points on the diagram and explain?CLASS2009, 8/20/2012
Slide 14
C4 You say in the notes the instructor should "walk through what the schematic illustrates". We would needthat level of detail i.e. what you would review/highlight on the schematic.
Yes, your idea for the dialogue and the arrows is the detail we need.CLASS2009, 8/20/2012
Slide 15
C5 Not sure of the goal of this slide. Is this an example of the steps on the previous slide?
If we are to ask them to do this on their own, we should probably provide a more detailed example of how to do the steps on slide 9.CLASS2009, 8/21/2012
3/17/2014
6
Controls on a Mechanical System Schematic
C6
One-line Schematics
How to develop a one-line schematic from a field condition:> Identify and arrange major pieces of equipment with labels> Trace how they are connected> Indicate direction of flow (for mechanical systems)> Illustrate any dampers/control valves (for mechanical
systems)> Illustrate any breakers/switches (for electrical systems)
C7
One-line Schematics
Activity: Developing a one-line diagram from an actual system
REMEMBER:> Identify and arrange major HVAC equipment with
labels> Trace how they are connected> Indicate direction of flow (for mechanical systems)> Illustrate any dampers/control valves (for mechanical
systems)> Illustrate any breakers/switches (for electrical systems)
C8
Slide 16
C6 What is the transition from the previous topic to this?
What is the goal of this slide i.e what would you review in class?CLASS2009, 8/21/2012
Slide 17
C7 WIll students know the term "field condition"?
Why would a person have to draw a schematic himself, they don't already exist?
Are one-line schematics only for HVAC systems?
So this is the "how-to" and slide 11 is when they would try it themselves, correct?CLASS2009, 8/21/2012
Slide 18
C8 I could not view the video. Can you send me the youtube link?
Does the video show an step-by-step example of these steps?
Is the expectation that the facilitator would "review" their work in class?CLASS2009, 8/21/2012
3/17/2014
7
Activity: Draw a One-Line Schematic of a Chiller Plant
19
One-line schematic
Riser Diagrams
A one-line diagram that schematically shows the vertical branches of a system, usually from a common main or common point of origin
> Commonly used in representing electrical, hvac, and plumbing systems branching off to serve each floor. However no details about distribution about the floor is given
on a Riser Diagram.
> Numbering of each riser is related to a numbered location on a floor plan, to show the actual location of the riser in the building.
C9
Slide 21
C9 When and why would an operator read or create a riser diagram?
Will a student know what "take offs" are?CLASS2009, 8/21/2012
3/17/2014
8
Riser Diagrams
What information can be shown?> Design airflow to each floor of a building> Power distribution to each floor of a building> Piping plans to each floor of a building
Additional details about the system may be shown on a Riser Diagram as well.
Riser Diagrams – Electrical
C10
Electrical Drawing Legends
On a drawing sheet, the symbols and abbreviations used in subsequent riser diagrams, schematics and other drawings will typically be shown similar to the images on above and left
Slide 23
C10 In your notes, you mention "what the diagram illustrates to us." We would need that level of detail.
I assume the note on the screen is a comment from M Bobker?CLASS2009, 8/21/2012
3/17/2014
9
Floor Plans
What is it?> A Floor Plan is a scaled, top-down view of a building floor. Floor Plans show only one floor of a building at a time
and show the location and relation of different areas of the floor
> Scales are typically 1/8” = 1’ But can be as large or as small as needed. Architectural floor plans are always to scale but you can
do a floor plan sketch for your own use that is not to scale.
Drawing a floor plan
First start with the basic floor area> Outline or “footprint” of the entire floor
> Add in the floor layout
Elevators/Stairwells, Offices, hallways, bathrooms, etc.
Now you have a basic floor plan, from here you can choose to add in Mechanical or Electrical systems
Floor Plans
C11
Slide 27
C11 Please provide detail of what should be covered in class pertaining to this diagram.CLASS2009, 8/21/2012
3/17/2014
10
Floor Plans
Different types> Mechanical Floor Plan Show layout of mechanical systems on a floor (i.e. –
location of Mechanical Equipment Rooms (MER), layout of ductwork and piping for the floor)
> Electrical Floor Plan Show layout of panels, circuits, outlets, switches “Reflected Ceiling Plans” for light fixtures
• Because they portray things that are physically located in the ceiling, as if you were looking up at them.
C12
Mechanical Floor Plans
C13
Electrical Floor Plans
C14
Slide 28
C12 Will learners know what MER means?CLASS2009, 8/21/2012
Slide 29
C13 Please provide detail of what should be covered in class pertaining to this diagram.CLASS2009, 8/21/2012
Slide 30
C14 Please provide detail of what should be covered in class pertaining to this diagram.CLASS2009, 8/21/2012
3/17/2014
11
Relating Riser Diagrams to Floor Plans- Using Them Together
> Riser diagrams show all risers schematically and the characteristics of each one
> Floor plans show us a single floor layout of the building and where each riser is located on that floor
> Risers are numbered on the riser diagram and floor plans use this numbering for identification at each floor location
C15
Relating Riser Diagrams to Floor Plans
Depicted on this slide, as labeled in the title block circled below, is the Sanitary Waste Riser Diagram for a building.
Relating Riser Diagrams to Floor Plans
These two images are close‐ups of a section of the riser diagram shown on the previous slide, shown for clarity.
The riser diagram shows the piping to each floor, up to the roof as well as back down.
Pay special attention to the “5” in the red square in the image directly to the left –we’ll reference this in a future slide
Slide 31
C15 Is the goal of this slide to "Compare" riser to floor plans? Or would someone use these both together? CLASS2009, 8/21/2012
3/17/2014
12
Relating Riser Diagrams to Floor Plans
As circled in the title block on the right, this is a drawing of a 2nd floor plumbing plan for a building, the same building as the riser diagram shown in the previous slide
Relating Riser Diagrams to Floor Plans
Remember the red square on the slide shown 2 slides ago that we said to pay special attention to???
This image, a close‐up of the Floor Plan from the previous slide, shows where the building riser is located on the floor, indicated by the “SAN 5” on the image on the left. This correlates to the “5” seen on Sanitary waste riser diagram.
Relating one-line schematics to Floor Plans
> One-line Schematics show an entire system, from equipment out to loads and back
> Floor plans show us a single floor layout of the building – just whatever portion of equipment is on that floor
> Floor plans can give us a better idea as to why equipment operates the way it is set up
If the area of the floor has potential sources of significant thermal loads to overcome such as large windows
C16
Slide 36
C16 So would someone use all three of these together? We may want to provide examples of how the information from one is used on the other.CLASS2009, 8/21/2012
3/17/2014
13
Further review- back at work
Locate what schematics exist for your facility (Floor Plans, Risers Diagrams, One-Line System schematics.
What information do the Riser Diagrams tell you:> Design airflow to each floor.> Power distribution to each floor.> Piping plans to each floor.
What information do the Floor Plans tell you?> Mechanical Floor Plan: of Mechanical Rooms, layout of ductwork
and piping for the floor.> Electrical Floor Plan: layout of light fixtures in the ceiling of the floor.
Identify a system within your facility to draw a One-Line Schematic. Include:> How is water/air/electricity being circulated throughout a system?> What types and how many different components are in a system?
Take- Home Exercise
Select a major system in your facility. Working from memory and on an 11 x 17 piece of paper, develop a simple one-line system schematic.
In the coming weeks, review the diagram while you are looking at the system and re-work the schematic with corrections, adjustments, additions, etc.
C17
Review for Next Week (Week 4)• What documentation do I have of my facility? Do I
have floor plans, risers plans, system schematics?
• How am I able to use this documentation to my benefit?– What information does these tools tell me?
Reading for Week 4: -FEMP Sec. 9.10-Herzog Appendix A: pp. 149-164
Slide 38
C17 I asume this is an in-class activity? Or is it something that they do back on the job?
Would the student turn in the schematic at a later date?
CLASS2009, 8/21/2012
3/17/2014
14