BuilBuilding of Tomorrowding of Tomorrow

Hans-Günther SchwarzHans-Günther Schwarz

Austrian Federal Ministry of Transport, Austrian Federal Ministry of Transport,

Innovation and TechnologyInnovation and Technology

(based on a presentation by Herbert Greisberger, (based on a presentation by Herbert Greisberger,

Austrian Society for Environment and Technology, ÖGUT)

Hans-Günther SChwarz | RD&D Programme “Building of Tomorrow”, Federal Ministry of Transport, Innovation and Technology, Austria

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• Background of building energy technology

• RD&D programme “Building of Tomorrow” (Austria)

– Concept, demonstration sites and outcomes

• Further options and needs in building R&D policy

Outline

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• Industry – Economic growth fuels higher demand for goods and services– A need for novel basic processes in energy intensive industry

• Transport – Limited social acceptance for demand measures– Hydrogen, electric propulsion, bio-fuels

• Buildings – Passive houses offer higher comfort with low energy demand– Efficient technologies based on renewables available

=> The buildings sector is the most promising area for increasing energy efficiency and lowering CO2 impact

Energy Efficiency Potential

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• Low private R&D investments in % of turnover

• Fragmented industry; mostly SME; lack of innovation

• Energy demand is not a main driver in building R&D

• Very limited international competition in building industry

• Few countries run R&D programmes for building technologies

• Ongoing R&D focuses on incremental improvements

• Nevertheless: sustainable building energy technologies have been developed in recent years

Building energy technology - background construction industry – low R&D investments

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RD&D Programme “Building of Tomorrow” state of the art and aims (1999)

Energy efficiency

Passive house

technology

Low energy solar house

Renewable energy

Ecological building materials and

systems

Building ecology, Re-newable raw

materials

User and ser-vice aspects:

comfort, aging, multifunctional

Comparable invest-costs

Building of

Tomorrow

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Aim of “Building of Tomorrow” an example

Innovative residential, offices, commercial buildings considerable reduction of energy & material consumption substantial use of renewable sources of energy and renewable and

ecologically sound materials taking into account social aspects and cost efficiency high market potential

“Building of Tomorrow” is a mission-oriented top-down programme covering basic research, applied research and demonstration projects;

Competitive calls and international evaluation of proposals implemented to secure quality of R&D

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Research Strategy “Building of Tomorrow” basic research, applied research and demonstration

Basic research of strategic importance

Building concepts with active involvement of companies

Basic research and applied research of research centres and industry

Concept-driven development of new technologies and components

Demonstration projects

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The outcome With regard to markets

rapid increase in passive houses since 2000rapid increase in passive houses since 2000 share of passive houses on all new buildings: share of passive houses on all new buildings:

4 % (2006); from almost zero in 2000 4 % (2006); from almost zero in 2000 by end of 2006: around 4,000 residential units (RE) with 10,000 passive by end of 2006: around 4,000 residential units (RE) with 10,000 passive

house residentshouse residents by end of 2007 more than 2000 buildings will have been built in Austria in by end of 2007 more than 2000 buildings will have been built in Austria in

passive house standard passive house standard Increasing demand for multi-family buildings Increasing demand for multi-family buildings Vienna: multi-family passive houses with 715 RE and 60,300 m² of useful Vienna: multi-family passive houses with 715 RE and 60,300 m² of useful

floor areafloor areasource: source: passive-house building database,passive-house building database, 463 buildings documented (10/2006) 463 buildings documented (10/2006) www.HAUSderZukunft.atwww.HAUSderZukunft.at

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Next Steps technologies to significantly reduce CO2-emissions

Demonstration sites will be evaluated

The results of the programme have been taken up by the programme “klima:aktiv buildings”; the programme aims at: 20% of sustainable buildings in 2009 25% of ventilation systems instead of conventional heating system

New R&D programme “building in 2050” Focus on renovation Design of a new generation of buildings

Increased effort of the industry to boost investments in R&D

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Lessons Learned Based on the experience of European programmes

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existing buildings low energy buildings Passive houses

energy demand for space heating

Energy efficiency & a reduction of CO2-emissions is possible

For all climates and building materials

At comparable investment costs and lower energy costs

With high social acceptance through increase of comfort

R&D in building technologies

Need of continuous public support

Are the basis for sustainable

markets in the building sector

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Future Options (I) For building technology policy

Target oriented R&D activities must be intensified Novel building concepts Including socio-economic research (esp. in renovation) Target oriented development of components and know-how

High efficient building technologies must be adopted to climes and local resources

International cooperation in R&D needs to be intensified

Various instruments are needed to overcome barriers to innovation in the construction industry

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Future Options (II) Future research needs

Next generation “new buildings which generate energy” Building integrated PV modules and thermal solar technologies Microturbines (10-500 kW) based on biomass, solar cooling Integration into the electricity system

Rethink the energy system based on sustainable buildings no need for district heating in new construction areas new approaches for the construction industry big buildings (sky scrapers) in passive house standard

Renovation of the existing building stock based on “factor 10 concepts” and technologies

=> R&D in building technologies has to play a vital role in any sustainable energy system

Basic research on socio-economic issues

Analyses of user behaviour

Analyses of acceptance of ecological energy efficient buildings

Opportunities and barriers of innovative buildings or technologies in context with market diffusion

Pro and contra aspects of IT in buildings (monitoring systems)

Accompanying measuresStrengthen the ecological aspects

Consultancy desk for planners and architects for the use of ecological materials

CATEGORIES and EXAMPLES

Applied research, technologies & components

Strengthen the scientific basis Development or improvement of new technologies & components

Topics:

Innovative systems for solar heating of buildings and district heating

Efficient solar technologies and their multifunctional and esthetical integration into buildings

Innovative components (e.g. heat storage, windows, solar cooling)

Innovative components and elements on basis of renewable materials

CATEGORIES and EXAMPLES

Example: Solid wood passive-house-window U-value (window): 0,78 W/m²K

Category: Applied research, technologies & components

Example: Facade-integrated solar collector for water and space heating

Category: Applied research, technologies & components

Innovative building concepts & demonstration objects

Planning and realising energy-efficient and ecological buildings

Integration of results from the basic studies and technologies & components

Innovative solutions will be realised

CriteriaCost efficiency

50 % use of renewable energy sources (solar energy, biomass, etc.)

Reduction of the total final energy demand required for heating, warm water and electrical household appliances to 42 kWh/m²a

High comfort for inhabitants

Increasing use of ecological or renewable materials (straw, loam, cork, ...)

CATEGORIES and EXAMPLES

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• Passive house standard for a multi family house complex – Use of new components and– Ecological materials

• Consideration of – Cost efficiency and – Acceptance by inhabitants

Building of Tomorrow – demonstration sitesSolar City Linz – Apartment complex

Office & exhibition building

Wall system: wood construction; insulation material: straw bale

Solar cooling system

Categories

Category: Office and Commercial BuildingsExample: Straw house in passive house standard

ZIELZIEL

Autarkic building maintenanceAutarkic building maintenance

Collection of rain water from roof Collection of rain water from roof

Warm water/flat thermal collectors integrated in the façadeWarm water/flat thermal collectors integrated in the façade

Electricity generated by 70m² of façade integrated photovoltaic panelsElectricity generated by 70m² of façade integrated photovoltaic panels

Category: Demonstration buildingsCategory: Demonstration buildings

ExampleExample: Ecological: Ecological alpine refuge hut, eastern part of the alps, alpine refuge hut, eastern part of the alps, Hochschwab area, Styria (2153 m)Hochschwab area, Styria (2153 m)

Further information, reports and data:

www.HAUSderzukunft.at

Hans-Günther Schwarz

Energy- and Environmental Technologies

Austrian Federal Ministry of Transport,

Innovation and Technology

Tel.: +43 1 71162 652920

E-Mail: hans-guenther.schwarz@bmvit.gv.at