Building Green The Next Time Around - University of …...ANSI/ASA S12.60-2002 -35 dBA Classrooms...

Raymond JohnsonRaymond Johnson PE, LEED AP

Building GreenBuilding Green

The Next Time The Next Time AroundAround

RADNOR TOWNSHIP SCHOOL DISTRICTRADNOR TOWNSHIP SCHOOL DISTRICT

Our Introduction to Green BuildingsOur Introduction to Green Buildings

ResearchResearchOrientation of Building Windows and DoorsLow VOC ProductsFlooring SystemsAcoustical ConsiderationsStormwater ManagementTraffic FlowIndoor Air QualityLife Cycle Costing Luminaires & Lamps And More…

RADNOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 2001RADNOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 2001

RADNOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOLRADNOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

• EXHAUST YOURSELF IN RESEARCH• ENGAGE KNOWLEDGEABLE DESIGN TEAM• USE LEED AS A BAROMETER• LISTEN TO AND INVOLVE CONSTITUENTS• EDUCATE SCHOOL BOARD AND COMMUNITY

LEADERS

Radnor Elementary SchoolRadnor Elementary School

…The Next Time Around

……LESSONS LEARNEDLESSONS LEARNED

What is LEED?What is LEED?LEED which stands for Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, is a voluntary national standard for developing high-performance sustainable buildings.

The system was developed by the U.S Green Building Council, a building industry coalition, to define common metrics for “green building”.

LEED Rating System is a point based rating system that awards points in the following categories:

Sustainable SitesWater EfficiencyEnergy & AtmosphereMaterials and ResourcesIndoor Environmental QualityInnovation & Design Process

LEED Certification LevelsLEED Certification Levels

LEVELLEVEL POINTSPOINTS

CertifiedCertified 2626--3232SilverSilver 3333--3838GoldGold 3939--5151PlatinumPlatinum 5252--6969

•Started at 41 points in Schematic Design

•Currently at 35 points in Final Design

•Possible additional 9 points

Radnor Middle School LEED StatusRadnor Middle School LEED Status

Credit Category Total LEED Points

Total RMS Points

Points in Question

Sustainable Sites 14 6 1Water Efficiency 5 2 1Energy & Atmosphere 17 8 0Materials & Resources 13 6 1Indoor Environmental Quality 15 12 3Innovation in Design 5 1 3

Totals 69 35 9

RMS currently on track for Silver Certification Level

LEED PROCESSLEED PROCESS

CharetteCharettePreliminary designPreliminary designCost estimateCost estimateCost / Benefit Cost / Benefit

ReviewReviewImplementationImplementationDocumentationDocumentation

Possible Points 69

4 4 5 Possible Points 13Y ? N

Y Prereq 1 01 Credit 1.1 11 Credit 1.2 11 Credit 1.3 1

1 Credit 2.1 11 Credit 2.2 1


1 Credit 4.1 11 Credit 4.2 11 Credit 5.1 1

1 Credit 5.2 11 Credit 6 11 Credit 7 1


Y Prereq 1 0Y Prereq 2 01 Credit 1 11 Credit 2 11 Credit 3.1 1

1 Credit 3.2 11 Credit 4.1 11 Credit 4.2 11 Credit 4.3 11 Credit 4.4 11 Credit 5 11 Credit 6.1 11 Credit 6.2 1

1 Credit 7.1 11 Credit 7.2 11 Credit 8.1 11 Credit 8.2 1




1 Credit 2 1LEED™ Accredited Professional

Innovation in Design: B lended Cement

Innovation in Design: Education/curriculum

Innovation in Design: Green Building Demonstration

Innovation in Design: Exceedance

Innovation & Design Process

Daylight & Views , Daylight 75% of Spaces

Daylight & Views , Views for 90% of Spaces

Thermal Comfort, Comply with ASHRAE 55-1992

Thermal Comfort, Permanent M onitoring System

Controllability of Systems , Perimeter

Controllability of Systems , Non-Perimeter

Low-Emitting Materials , Carpet

Low-Emitting Materials , Composite Wood

Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control

Construction IAQ Management Plan, Before Occupancy

Low-Emitting Materials , Adhesives & Sealants

Low-Emitting Materials , Paints

Increase Ventilation EffectivenessConstruction IAQ Management Plan, During Construction

Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) ControlCarbon Dioxide (CO2) Monitoring

Indoor Environmental Quality

Minimum IAQ Performance

Rapidly Renewable MaterialsCertified Wood

Local/Regional Materials , 20% M anufactured Locally

Local/Regional Materials , o f 20% Above, 50% Harvested Locally

Recycled Content, Specify 25%

Recycled Content, Specify 50%

Resource Reuse , Specify 5%

Resource Reuse , Specify 10%

Construction Waste Management, Divert 50%

Construction Waste Management, Divert 75%

Building Reuse , M aintain 100% of Existing Shell

Building Reuse , M aintain 100% Shell & 50% Non-Shell

Storage & Collection of RecyclablesBuilding Reuse , M aintain 75% of Existing Shell

um 52 or more pointsMaterials & Resources

47 10 12


Y Prereq 1 Erosion & Sedimentation Control 01 Credit 1 1

1 Credit 2 11 Credit 3 11 Credit 4.1 11 Credit 4.2 1



1 Credit 6.1 11 Credit 6.2 11 Credit 7.1 11 Credit 7.2 11 Credit 8 1



1 Credit 2 11 Credit 3.1 1

1 Credit 3.2 1


Y Prereq 1 0Y Prereq 2 0Y Prereq 3 02 Credit 1.1 22 Credit 1.2 22 Credit 1.3 22 Credit 1.4 22 Credit 1.5 21 Credit 2.1 11 Credit 2.2 11 Credit 2.3 1

1 Credit 3 11 Credit 4 1

1 Credit 5 11 Credit 6 1

Measurem ent & VerificationGreen Pow er

Additional Com m issioningOzone Depletion

Renew able Energy, 5%



Optim ize Energy Performance , 50% New / 40% Existing




CFC Reduction in HVAC&R EquipmentOptim ize Energy Performance , 20% New / 10% Existing

Fundam ental Building Systems Com missioningMinim um Energy Performance

Water Use Reduction, 30% Reduction

Energy & Atmosphere

Innovative Wastew ater TechnologiesWater Use Reduction, 20% Reduction

Water Efficient Landscaping, Reduce by 50%

Water Efficient Landscaping, No P o table Use o r No Irrigation

Light Pollution Reduction

Water Efficiency

Landscape & Exterior Design to Reduce Heat Islands , Non-Roo f

Landscape & Exterior Design to Reduce Heat Islands , Roo f

Storm w ater Managem ent, Rate and Quantity

Storm w ater Managem ent, Treatment

Reduced Site Disturbance , P ro tect o r Resto re Open Space

Reduced Site Disturbance , Development Foo tprint

Alternative Transportation, A lternative Fuel Refueling Stations

Alternative Transportation, Parking Capacity

Alternative Transportation, Public Transportation Access

Alternative Transportation, B icycle Sto rage & Changing Rooms

Urban Redevelopm entBrow nfield Redevelopm ent

Site Selection

Total Project ScoreCertified 26 to 32 points Silver 33 to 38 points Gold 39 to 51 points PlatinumSustainable Sites

Five Key Areas of ConcernFive Key Areas of Concern

Building Envelope DesignBuilding Envelope DesignThermal ComfortThermal ComfortIndoor Air QualityIndoor Air QualityLightingLightingAcousticsAcoustics

Exterior Wall DetailExterior Wall Detail

R-Values:

Exterior Air Film 0.174” Brick, 72% solid 1.191.75 inch air space 0.973” Insulation 12.008” Block withKorfilIn-core Insulation 2.86Interior Air Film 0.68

Total R-Value 17.87

R-value of exterior wall required by ASHRAE 90.1 -1999 13.0

Radnor Roof PlanRadnor Roof Plan

Area Percentages of Systems:

High Emissivity Asphalt Shingles 34%Vegetated Roof 20%SBS Modified Roof System(with no high emissivity coating) 46%

Total High Emissivity Roof 54%

Indoor Air Quality at RMSIndoor Air Quality at RMS

Indoor Air Quality management plansConstruction and post-construction

Thermal comfort and air exchange will meet, or exceed, the ASHRAE standards.Materials containing low to no volatile organic compounds (VOC’s)

Reduce/eliminate off-gassingIncreased ventilation at key rooms (copy areas, etc.)Individual control of environment

Operable windows and thermostat control

Lighting at RMSLighting at RMSClassroom wing oriented East-West

Classrooms face North-South, maximizing natural light

Daylight modeling by consultantBoth North and South facing classrooms

Window glazing willMaximize natural light penetrationMinimize heat gain from the sun

Illumination can be controlled by teacher

Maximizes natural light penetrating classroomSaves electricity

Bulbs will provide full spectrum light

Closer to natural light

Radnor Windows:Radnor Windows:Lighting & Building EnvelopeLighting & Building Envelope

Argon Gas Filled Insulated Units

Values:

Visible Light Transmittance 72%Winter Nighttime U-Factor 0.29Summer Daytime U-Factor 0.29Solar Heat Gain Coefficient 0.41

Low-E Coating on Second Surface

Acoustics at RMSAcoustics at RMSAcoustics at Radnor Elementary independently tested by project team

Acoustics at RMS will meet and exceedWill comply with the American Disabilities Act

ANSI/ASA S12.60-2002 -35 dBAClassrooms acoustically modeled by consultantClassroom finishes will enhance acoustics

Carpet eliminates scraping noise of chairs on vct flooringCeiling tile will have high noise reduction coefficient (NRC) rating

HVAC noise will be minimalHeat pump closets will be lined with acoustical insulationDucts will be lined where necessary to eliminate noise

Pass through noise between rooms will be minimalWall materials will have sufficient to superior NRC ratings

ObjectivesObjectivesMaximize Life Cycle Value Maximize Life Cycle Value Reduce Energy CostsReduce Energy Costs

ASHRAE 90.1 is the minimum standardASHRAE 90.1 is the minimum standardReact to utility ratesReact to utility rates

Reduce Maintenance CostsReduce Maintenance CostsEvaluate during design phaseEvaluate during design phaseSimplify equipment and systemSimplify equipment and system

U.S. Department of Energy-Building Life Cycle CostingU.S. Department of EnergyU.S. Department of Energy--Building Life Cycle CostingBuilding Life Cycle Costing

“Building Energy Technology” 1990

%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Design Maintenance Construction Utilities

Energy Savings Energy Savings AlternativesAlternatives

Lighting Lighting High Efficiency lampsHigh Efficiency lampsDimmingDimming and Occupancy and Occupancy sensorssensors

Central PlantCentral PlantModular Boilers (90%+)Modular Boilers (90%+)Variable Frequency Drive Variable Frequency Drive ChillersChillers

Energy Recovery UnitsEnergy Recovery UnitsVariable Speed DrivesVariable Speed Drives

All pumping over 10hpAll pumping over 10hpBuilding Management SystemBuilding Management System

• HVACHVAC••Displacement VentilationDisplacement Ventilation••Raised Floor DistributionRaised Floor Distribution••Thermal MassThermal Mass

••Electrical EnergyElectrical Energy••On Site Generation On Site Generation ••Combined Heat & PowerCombined Heat & Power••Emergency Generation Peak ShavingEmergency Generation Peak Shaving

NEW TECHNOLOGIESNEW TECHNOLOGIESFOR FOR

PUBLIC SCHOOLSPUBLIC SCHOOLS

ACOUSTICSGoal: 35DBA or less (ANSI S12.60)Use Elementary School as baseline

VENTILATION (Outdoor Air)15 CFM per personHigh efficiency air filters on intakesHeat recovery – extracts energy from exhaust airDehumidificationVentilation system independent from heat pump system

Design Considerations Design Considerations For ClassroomsFor Classrooms

HVAC SystemsHVAC SystemsHEAT PUMPS

Process heating / cooling load for roomIndividual thermostatic controlLocated in accessible closet

CARBON DIOXIDE SENSORSMonitors levels in each classroomSends alarm if setpoint is exceeded

OCCUPIED / UNOCCUPIED MODEVentilation system shuts down when school is unoccupiedRoom temperatures set back when unoccupiedMorning warm-up (Usually 1 hr before occupancy)

HVAC SystemsHVAC Systems•• Geothermal heat Geothermal heat

pumps pumps •• WSHP Boiler/TowerWSHP Boiler/Tower•• Chiller/Boiler/Tower Chiller/Boiler/Tower

(4pipe)(4pipe)•• Rooftop/DX/Gas Rooftop/DX/Gas

HeatHeat

LIFE CYCLE COMPARISONLIFE CYCLE COMPARISON30 YEARS30 YEARS

SystemSystemNew New installationsinstallations

Net PresentNet PresentValue CostValue Cost

First First CostCost

Energy Energy CostCost

MaintMaint..CostCost

UsefulUsefulLifeLife

GeothermalGeothermalHPHP

Best Highest Lowest Lowest Best

WSHPWSHPBoiler/TowerBoiler/Tower

2nd Best 2nd lowest 2nd

Lowest2nd

Lowest3rd

Best

4 PIPE4 PIPE 3rd Best Highest 3rd

LowestHighest 2nd

Best

ROOFTOPROOFTOPDX/GAS HEATDX/GAS HEAT

Worst Lowest Highest 3rd Lowest Worst

Typical Classroom Neptune Community School

Displacement Ventilation

Geothermal

Heat Pump

w/ Hot Gas

Reheat –

Humidity &

Temperature

control

H

H

T

Radnor Classroom

SoundSound--ProofProofLiningLining

HEAT PUMPHEAT PUMP

ONE PER ONE PER CLASSROOMCLASSROOM

OLD DESIGNOLD DESIGN

Unit VentilatorUnit Ventilator

Public Schools andPublic Schools andGeothermal HVACGeothermal HVAC

Lowest Life Cycle Lowest Life Cycle cost cost Systems operating Systems operating since 1940since 1940’’ssReduced Reduced Mechanical Room Mechanical Room spacespaceSite limitationsSite limitations

DIRECT / INDIRECT LIGHTING FIXTURESUses ceiling as reflectorEliminates glare

MULTIPLE FIXTURE SWITCHINGAllows teacher to control and adjust light levels

OCCUPANCY SENSORSShuts down lighting in unoccupied spaces

DAYLIGHTING CONTROLSTaking advantage of natural sunlight by reducing electric lighting levels via dimming ballast or switching arrangements.

Design Considerations Design Considerations For ClassroomsFor Classrooms

Lighting SystemsLighting Systems

Electrical EnergyElectrical Energy.86 WATTS/SF.86 WATTS/SF FOR CLASSROOMSFOR CLASSROOMS1.0 WATT/SF OVERALL BLDG.1.0 WATT/SF OVERALL BLDG.

Behavioral And PerformanceBehavioral And PerformanceHESCHONG MAHONE STUDY FOR HESCHONG MAHONE STUDY FOR PG&EPG&E

MaintenanceMaintenanceONLY 3 LAMP TYPES TO STOCK ONLY 3 LAMP TYPES TO STOCK FOR ENTIRE BLDG.FOR ENTIRE BLDG.

Lighting SystemsLighting Systems

TONY’S DRAWING

LIGHT SHELF

COMBINATION DIRECT/INDIRECT FIXTURE

Value of Quality LightingValue of Quality LightingCREATE BALANCED BRIGHTNESS•Light levels throughout the classroom should not differ greatly from the light level on the desks.•Large variations in brightness will cause distraction and fatigue

DAYLIGHTINGDAYLIGHTING•Students with daylight in their classrooms perform 20% to 25% better on reading and math tests •Students in classrooms with larger window areas progress up to 20% faster than their counterparts in rooms with smaller window areas.

Reference: www.h-m-g.com for the study

..

“K-RATED” TRANSFORMERSClean power for computers, electronic equipment

PHASE LOSS PROTECTIONCuts power if Utility loses phaseSends alarm to BMSPrevents 3-phase electric equipment from meltdown

PREMIUM EFFICIENCY MOTORSHighest efficiency for all electric motors

“GREEN” REFRIGERANTOzone friendly refrigerants in all HVAC equipment

NON-FIBERGLASS INSULATIONClosed cell foam pipe insulation“Reflectix” foil backed duct insulation

ELECTRIC METER RECORDINGReal time energy usage dataTrending – track daily/weekly/monthly usageActual peak demand data

BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BMS)Tied to central computer – can communicate with other facilities’BMS systemsSchedules occupied/unoccupied modes, temperaturesTracks equipment data, room dataRemote access through internetSends alarmsExpandable

Additional FeaturesAdditional Features

WATER CONSERVATIONWATER CONSERVATIONWaterless urinals

300,000 gallons saved

Metering faucets 100,000 gallons saved

Rainwater CollectionNo Cooling Tower

300,000 gallons saved

Middle School Cost AnalysisMiddle School Cost Analysis

Bids received $40,686,060 TotalBuilding size is approximately 195,000 square feet. Building cost is about $209 per square foot.

Why Design to Why Design to

Green Building StandardsGreen Building Standards

Utility Rebates for Energy EfficiencyImprovement in Student PerformanceReduced Operating CostsHealthier BuildingsBetter Daily AttendanceReduced Liability ExposureEnhanced Indoor/Outdoor Environmental ImpactIncorporates Best Building Technologies

Full Commissioning Independent Life Cycle AnalysisThorough operator trainingOngoing verification of operability and efficiencyOperations data sharing and analysis Avoid proprietary systems

RecommendationsRecommendations

Questions Questions and Answersand Answers

Raymond JohnsonRaymond Johnson PE, LEED AP

Building Green The Next Time Around - University of …...ANSI/ASA S12.60-2002 -35 dBA Classrooms...

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