Building Core Elements and Design. The typical floor plate of the standard commercial office...

Building Core Elements and Design

The typical floor plate of the standard commercial office

structure contains the following:

• Vertical Circulation Core

• Open Lease Space

• Optional public corridor.

Core

Building Core

Core

Tenant Lease Space

Lease Area

Core

Tenant Lease Space

Lease Depth

Lease

Depth

Core

Tenant Lease Space

Optional Corridor

Lease

Depth

Tenant Lease Area

Elements of the Building Core

The Building Core of the Commercial building contains

• Passenger Elevators & Lobby



• Service Elevator




• Service Elevator Vestibule





• Mechanical Room





• Mechanical Room

• Vertical Chase

Passenger Elevators & Lobby

M W

Service Elevator

M W

Service Elevator Vestibule

M W

Mechanical Room

M W

Vertical Chase

M W

• Fire Egress Stairs

The Core also consists of

• Fire Stairs

• Restrooms


• Fire Stairs

• Restrooms

• Drinking Fountain Vestibule


Fire Egress Stairs

M W

Public Restrooms

M W

Core Location

The Building Core can take any of basic locations relative to the floor plate.

• Central Core• Off- set Core• Exterior Core• Split Core

Central Core Location

• In the central core the lease depth is relatively equal around the core of the building.


• In the central core the lease depth is relatively equal around the core of the building.

• The Tenant can lease the

entire floor plate

Core

Tenant Lease Space


Lease

Depth

Core Location

• Or the tenant can lease a portion of the floor plate.

Core

Tenant Lease Space


Lease

Depth


Bruce Graham John Hancock Bldg.Chicago, Ill.


• Frank Gehry New York Times Headquarters

Core Location

Off- Set Core Location

• The off Set-Core places the core off center creating differing lease depths.

Core

Lease Depth 3

Lease Depth 1

LeaseDepth2



• The off Set-Core places the core off center creating differing lease depths.

• This provides greater leasing options.

CoreLease Depth 1 Lease Depth 2



Henry Cobb

Electicite de France Paris, France


Jean Nouvel Torre AgbarBarcelona, Spain

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Split Core Location

• The Split core divides the core with a central space, all components of the core are accessed from this central space.

Core Core

Tenant Lease Space

Split Core Location

Split Core Location


• This eliminates the need for any peripheral access corridor and lease space can extend right up to the walls of the core elements.

Core Core

Tenant Lease Space

Split Core Location

Split Core Location

Murphy / Jahn, Deutsche Post

Split Core Location

Cesar Pelli International Finance Center II

Split Core Location

• The Split Core can be divided in any number of ways. It should be noted that this increases the depth of the core and therefore the size of the floor plate.

Core Core

Tenant Lease Space

CoreCore

Split Core Location

Split Core Location

• The lease area can here too be divided but access must still be maintained to two means of egress in case of fire.

Core Core

Tenant Lease Space

CoreCore

Split Core Location

Split Core Location

Norman Foster Swiss Re

Split Core Location

Exterior Core Location

• In the Exterior Core configuration the core is pulled either to one side or edge.

• If the core is pushed to one side creating a ‘dead wall’ this can be used to advantage where poor views or party walls present a problem.

Core

Tenant Lease Space



Michael Graves Humana Bldg.


Norman Foster Commerzbank


Steven Holl 5th Ave. & 42nd


• The Core can also be isolated as a separate mass element independent from the lease floor plate.

Core CoreTenant Lease Space



Richard Rodgers, 122 Leadenhall St.


Richard Rodgers Lloyds of London

Elevator Configurations in Tall Buildings

Different banks of elevators serve different floorsDifferent banks of elevators serve different floors

A

1-20

B

21-40


Lobby

Unused Elevator lobbies are used to hold core elements such as restrooms or mechanical

M

W

M

W


Elevator banks drop out of the core as they are no longer needed.


LobbyLease Space

As elevator banks drop out the space becomes lease space or the floor plate is reduced


The reduction in the core due to the drop out of elevator banks allows for the increase of lease space or reduction of floor plate allowing the building to “taper”.


Lobby

It may become necessary to relocate the fire egress stairs to maintain efficiency of the lease space or for design purposes


Fire egress stairs can be are transferred horizontally


To minimize the square footage of the core on very tall buildings architects can stack the elevator banks and use express elevators to sky lobbies. Banks of elevators service only a set of designated floors while movement between them is achieved by the express system.


Minoru Yamasaki World Trade Center

Lease Space Planning

Lease space can be arranged in basically two general configurations:

• Perimeter Office

• Executive Core


The Perimeter Office

In the perimeter office, private managerial offices line the outside wall of the building.

Their views make them prime locations

Core

Tenant Lease Space


The corners of the building are then the most sought after. These are often reserved for the highest staff level. Architects often facet the buildings corners to create more corner offices.


The Executive Core

Increasingly we see the introduction of the executive core which moves the executive offices to the center of the floor plate.

This allows greater light penetration and maximizes the number of people who get a view.


Core

Tenant Lease Space


Residential Cores

The typical residential core is smaller

because it will usually not require as many elevators and there is no need for the public restrooms.

Residential Cores

The Residential Core consists of

• Fire Stairs

Residential Cores


• Fire Stairs• Elevator Lobby

Residential Cores


• Fire Stairs• Elevator Lobby• Service Elevator

Residential Cores


• Fire Stairs• Elevator Lobby• Service Elevator • Vestibule

Residential Cores


• Fire Stairs• Elevator Lobby• Service Elevator • Vestibule• Mechanical Room

Residential Cores


• Fire Stairs• Elevator Lobby• Service Elevator • Vestibule• Mechanical Room• Trash Chute

Residential Cores

Residential Layouts

• It is common to push all major spaces to the perimeter.

• Closed spaces such as bathrooms, closets mechanical closets, and kitchens are often pushed toward the core.

Residential Cores

Residential Cores

• This is because code calls for all major rooms to be accessible to the perimeter for fire rescue.

• It also allows for maximum light penetration

Residential Cores

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