building construction documentation

CONTENTS

No Section Researcher Pages1.0

1.1

Introduction

Introduction to Site - 2 Storey Terrace House

Poh Weng Chuan 0319951 3-6

2.0

2.1

Site and Safety

Plants and Machinery

Chin Man Choong 0324509 7-10

3.0

3.1

Prelimininaries Work

Site Layout, Setting out and Earth Work etc

Law Zhi Chang 0323813 11-14

4.0

4.1

Foundation

Foundation Type and Construction Process


5.0

5.1

Roof

Contruction Process

See Wen Han 0325090 21-25

6.0

6.16.2 6.36.4

Superstructure

Beams and ColumnsSlabWallStaircase

Jordan Tok Wen Xuan 0327629 // Tan Yang 0328025

Tan Yang 0328025Tan Yang 0328025Jordan Tok Wen Xuan 0327629Jordan Tok Wen Xuan 0327629

26-39

7.0

7.17.2

Doors and Windows

DoorsWindows


8.0

8.18.2

Conclusion

SummaryReferences


CONTENTS

No Section Researcher Pages1.0

1.1

Introduction

Introduction to Site - 2 Storey Terrace House


2.0

2.1

Site and Safety

Plants and Machinery


3.0

3.1

Prelimininaries Work

Site Layout, Setting out and Earth Work etc


4.0

4.1

Foundation

Foundation Type and Construction Process


5.0

5.1

Roof

Contruction Process

See Wen Han 0325090 21-25

6.0

6.16.2 6.36.4

Superstructure

Beams and ColumnsSlabWallStaircase

Jordan Tok Wen Xuan 0327629 // Tan Yang 0328025

Tan Yang 0328025Tan Yang 0328025Jordan Tok Wen Xuan 0327629Jordan Tok Wen Xuan 0327629

26-39

7.0

7.17.2

Doors and Windows

DoorsWindows


8.0

8.18.2

Conclusion

SummaryReferences


INTRODUCTIONBY POH WENG CHUAN

0319951

1.0

1.0 INTRODUCTION

ELMINA Valley phase 2 by SIME DARBY ELMINA DEVELOPMENT Its also designed to accommodate multigenerational living in order to satisfy the needs of modern living. From the layout to the brick of the homes, the architecture here takes a spin on modern and classic styles, accentuating the spirit of plantation life.

The City of Elmina enjoys an extensive network, conve-niently connected via the Guthrie Corridor Expressway (GCE), Federal Highway, Kuala Lumpur - Kuala Selan-gor Expressway (LATAR) and North Klang Valley Ex-pressway (NKVE); enabling a shorter drive to Kota Dam-ansara, Shah Alam and Subang Airport.

Location: No. 50037 FASA EV2B ELMINA WEST, Seksyen U15,40160 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan.

Units: 309 terrace

Duration: 2016 February- 2017 July

Type of unit: A1 & A2, B1 & B2

Type of lot: Intermediate, End, Corner

Developer: SIME DARBY ELMINA DEVELOP-MENT SDN BHD

Architect: HIA ARCHITECTS SDN BHD

Landscape Architect: LINEWORKS AND SPACE SDN BHD

Quantity Surveyor: AAJ ASSOCIATES SDN BHD

Contractor: PA BUILDERS SDN BHD

ELMINA Valley phase 2 is the current project under Sime Darby Elmina development, the site is 486, 675 msq. It’s located at Elmina West, Shah Alam, Selangor. It com-prises 309 terraced units with built-ups that start at 1,855 sq ft located adjacent to an 300-acre park extending from 1,500 acres of open green spaces, adjacent to a 2,700-acre forest reserve a 90km cycling and jogging track, and a cluster of retail shops, facilities and amenities. Phase 2 also brings it unique 2-storey terrace homes showcasing the outstanding features of four types of homes, rang-ing from 20’ x 70’ to 20’ x 80( Type A1 & A2) and ( Type B1 & B2). The homes in Elmina Valley Phase 2 feature an open-plan floor layout, encouraging easy movement around the house. The building materials were carefully selected to transform the once-glorious plantation hous-es into contemporary homes, fit for all ages. From the right temperature to the right door.

Proposal Site

PAGE 4

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO SITE 2 STOREY TERRACE HOUSE

Concept & Features of Type A:The design presents an interplay of modern and classic style elements through the brick pattern design and minimalist clean lines of the walls, accentuating the styles and the spirit of plantation living.

An open-plan concept by having a single flight staircase, maximizing interior space and allowing natural air ventilation and lighting throughout the home.

Column-free car porch for maximization of space. With basic vernacular tropical design principles are applied for ener-gy efficiency and a ground floor bedroom with attached bathroom for convenience and ease of use for the elderly.

Kitchen provides view of the back-lane and side-lane (corner and end units) for enhanced surveillance.

Type A

Site Plan

A1 Floor Plan A2 Floor Plan

Exterior

PAGE 5

Concept & Features of Type B:Living rooms in Type B homes like this one boast a double frontage design, specially for the enjoyment of the land-scaped gardens in Elmina Valley

Dual-key home concept (Type B homes only): A single bedroom with the ‘lifetime homes’ bathroom design, separated from the main house. This provides comfort and privacy, especially for guests

The kitchen location has a perfect view of the back and side lanes (Type B homes only), providing natural surveillance.

Type B

Site Plan

B1 Floor Plan B2 Floor Plan

Exterior

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO SITE 2 STOREY TERRACE HOUSE

PAGE 6

SITE AND SAFETYBY CHIN MAN CHOONG

0324509

2.0

2.0 SITE AND SAFETY Contractor are aware in promoting the safety program and safe be-havior base on 1994 section 17 “Duties of employers and self em-ployed to their employees” by The Department of Occupation Safety and Health (DOSH). They have to make sure that their worker are not expose to risk. It also Ensure their safety and health. This rules not only apply to the worker but to the public as well. Ths rules and regulation cover all construction site in Malaysia which is under Oc-cupational Safety and Health Act 1994, Act 514.

Personal Protective Equipment(PPE), is equipment to be worn in site to minimize injuries and illness. It protect the worker from chem-ical, radiological, electrical, physical, mechanical or other workplace hazard. PPE included a few item such as gloves, safety helmets, safety boots, vest and respirators. All PPE should be worn throughout the duration in construction site. PPe should be in proper size which fits well and confortable to wear, If it was not in correct size, it might cause hazard.

Personal Protective Equipment(PPE)

Construction Safety

Glove Vest

Safety Helmets

Safety helmets is a type of helmet used in workplace environements such as construction or industrial to protect the heads. It prevent the head getting hit by falling object debris, or electric shock. There is a suspension in the helmet. The suspension is used to spread the helmet weight and the force of any impact over the head. There is about 30mm between the helmet shell and head, so less impact will directly hit the head.

Safety Boots

Safety boots was needed to protect the foot from any falling object or any com-pression. The protection was done my inserting a hard metal piece at the toe area. It also have thick sole to prevent any sharp edge from below. Nowadays there is even reinforcement that’s made of thermoplastic(TPU) or aluminum.

Fencing

The fencing prevent people from coming into the site.

Safety Harness

The harness is an attachment between a stationary and anon stationary object. It is used as a protective equip-ments to protect human, animal from injuries.

Signage

Safety sign was found at the entrance to remind peoples that enter the site about the safety. The signage varies from the necessary equipment needed in the site, and the helth and safety of the worker.

Respirator

PAGE 8

Construction SafetyScaffolding Scaffolding also known as scaffold or staging, it is a temporary structure used for supporting the worker and materials while the construction is in process. The basic scaffolding includes the standard, ledger and transoms. In our site, a wooden top plank was used. The plank help to support the worker on top while keeping the other worker safe from construction materials falling overhead.

Construction Safety Net Together with the scaffolding there is the safety net. It can be very important to the site for the safety of the worker. There is two main function of a safety net. First it prevent things from falling from top hitting the worker’s head. Secondly it also prevent worker from falling from higher floor

Temporary Handrail A temporary handrail was also needed, in high places or stairs under construc-tion. It also function to lead people to the office. Other than that it provide some rest for the worker.

Fully Planked

Access LadderBaseplate

Crossbraces

Guardrails

Toeboard

PAGE 9

2.1 PLANTS AND MACHINERY

Excavating equipment or digger. It has a digging brack-et at the end of the machine. The section that carry the bracket is call dipper or dipper-stick. The boom connects to the vehicle through king-post, which allows the arm to move left and right.

Used to combine sand, water and cement to form con-crete. Typically, concrete mixer would use a revolving drum to mix. These portable mixer are normally used to mix concrete right at the construction site, it ensure the efficiency of work since worker can have easier access.

Tiles cutter function to cut tiles. Cutting tiles is necessary when the laying of the tiles reaches the end. First the hardened metal wheel scratch a straight line across the surface. Then pressure would be apply on each side to snap the tiles into two part. The base of the tool may have adjustable fences. It can greatly benefit for angled cuts and square cuts and fence stops for multiple cuts that produce exactly the same size.

Used to generate power for machinery use. Produce power by converting energy to electricity.

Used to transport and mix concrete to the construction site. The benefit of concrete mixing truck is that the con-crete mixing process can be done during transportation. Hence work can be done faster. It also maintain the ma-terials in a liquid state though continuous rotation until arrival.

Used to transport cargo such as bricks, sand, stone etc. Truck can be both big and powerful or small and light depends on the use and needs. Sometimes it can mount specialized equipment. Such as concrete mixer or suc-tion excavator.

Used to transport different type of load and cargo. It’s a hydraulic powered crane with a telescoping boom mount-ed on or a cable-controlled crane mounted on crawlers or rubber-tired canters.

Backhoe loader

Concrete Drum Mixer

Tiles CutterPower Generator

Concrete Mixing Transport

Truck

Crane

PAGE 10

PRELIMININARIES WORKBY LAW ZHI CHANG

0323813

3.0

FOUNDATIONBY LAW ZHI CHANG

0323813

4.0

ROOFBY SEE WEN HAN

0325090

5.0

5.0 ROOF IntroductionRoof is part of a building envelope. It is the covering on the uppermost part of a building or shelter which provides protection from animals and whether not only rain, but heat, wind and sunlight.

Type of Roof

Hip Roof 1 Gable Roof

Flat Roof Gambrel Roof

Type of Roof Insulation

A warm roof and a cold roof are two different ways of insulating a roof. A warm roof building will make the entire structure of the building warm in an attempt to avoid any cold bridging. It is where the insulation is located ‘above’ or ‘above and between’ timber rafters.

1 Cold Roof

2 Warm Roof

2

3

4Roof Covering

Roof Covering

Insulation

Existing Joints

Existing Joints

Ceiling

Ceiling

Timber Subdeck

Timber Deck

Vapour Control Layer

Insulation

Insulation above ceiling keeps warmth in house.

Insulation between roof rafters keeps warmth in roof space.

PAGE 22

On Site ApplicationGable Roof

Gable roof is the classic, most commonly occurring roof type in the world. It consist of two roof sections sloping in opposite directions and placed such that the high-est, horizontal edges meet to form the roof ridge. The design of this type of roof is achieved using rafters, roof trusses or purlins. The pitch of the roof and the height of the gutters can vary greatly.

The roof slopes around the triangular extension of the end wall this piece of wall is gable. It commonly used to form extension in Victorian times and it is still used in similar fashion today. It comprises a series of rafters fixed to plates at the top of a wall and the rafter feet are nailed to the wall plate, which distributes the load evenly across the supporting walls.

Gable & Cross Gable Roofing

-Gable has two roof surfaces of equal size-Provides good ventilation & ceiling space.-Commonly used in Cape Cod & Tudor style house-Cross Gable has 2 cross parts placed at the right angle.

Construction Details

Roof Sheathing

Frieze

Siding

Crown Molding

Rafter

Wall Sheathing

Interior Finish

Insulation

Blocking

Sheathing

Vented Airspace

Building Paper

Wood Shakes or Shingles

SheathingBuilding Paper

Siding

Rafter

PAGE 22 PAGE 23

Construction Details Stucture of Gable Roof

Simplest arrangement achieved in this type of roof with gable and trusses at both end and common trusses sits at the end walls and carry the roof’s load directly into the wall below it.

The roof slopes around the triangular extension of the end wall this piece of wall is gable. It commonly used to form extension in Victorian times and it is still used in similar fashion today. It comprises a series of rafters fixed to plates at the top of a wall and the rafter feet are nailed to the wall plate, which distributes the load evenly across the supporting walls.

Ridge Rafter

Ceiling Joist

Double Plate

Gable Wall Studs

Ridge

Wind Brace

Collar TieRoof Sheathing

Prop

Eaves Overhang Internal Wall

Hanging Beam

External Metal SheetMineral Wool Insulation

Rail

Thermal Break Pad

Inner Liner PanelPurlin

Metal Shoe AnchorConcrete Footing

Copper Edge Strip

Copper Flashing StripUpper CopperLap SeamCleatCopper Counterflashing

PAGE 24

As shown in diagram, bricks are laid and constructed in order, right on the edge of the bricks, roof beams added.

Finally batten will be installed. It acts as a support to the roof tiles that will be installed later.

In order to provide support to the roof, steel trusses are installed.

On top of the trusses, roof sheating made of either plywood or aluminium sheet is added. This provide protection to theif, and acts an insulator to water.

On top of the roof sheating, another layer of alumini-um foil added. This layer insulate heat.

1

52

3

4Brick Wall

BeamsSteel Trusses

Plywood / Aluminium

Aluminium

Steel Trusses

Roof

Roof Tiles

5.1 CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

PAGE 24 PAGE 25

SUPERSTRUCTUREBY JORDAN TOK WEN XUAN // TAN YANG

0327629 // 0328025

6.0

6.1 BEAMS AND COLUMNS TAN YANG 0328025

Beama long, sturdy piece of squared timber or metal spanning an opening or part of a building, usually to support the roof or floor above.

Type of Beam

This type of beam has a single span. It is supported by two supports at both ends.

It is a beam that rest on more than two supports.

Refers to a beam with two spans with or without restraint at the two extreme ends.

It has only one support in one end, another end is open.

Simple Beam

Continuous Beam

Semi-Continuous Beam

Cantilever Beam

1

3

2

4

PAGE 27

6.2 SLAB TAN YANG 0328025Slab to some extent can be similar to beams, in the way that they expand horizontally between support. It can be simply supported, continuously supported or cantilevered. Slab is mostly made with reinforced concrete insert into formwork onsite or into the trenches excavated at ground. A standard slab depth can range from 150 to 300mm. Slab can be divided into either ground slab or floor slab.

One way slab is supported on two side only. The total load carried in the direction is the same as the supporting beams. The main reinforcement is provided in only one direction.

Two-way slab are supported on 4 side. In this type of slab, the load can be carry in two direction. The main reinforcement is provided in both the direction.

Type A Type B

Water Damproof Membrane

Concrete Slab

Hardcore

Construction Details of Slab Types of Slab

One Way Slab (One Way Floor System)

Two Way Slab (Two Way Floor System)

Slab

1

2

PAGE 30

Concrete was poured and levelled to indicat-ed level.

Mixtures of soils, sands and stones were filled and compressed to a required level.

RBC bars were fitted in order to reinforce slab.

water pipes and electrical wires were fixed in the slab.

A layer of lean concrete was poured to form an insulative layer, which could prevent the water siping through and corrode the rein-forcement.

After the slab done, the construction move on to construction of ground beam, which is used to form a boundary of slab.

Slab Installation on site

Casting Filling

Reinforcement Piping

Pouring Finishing

1 4

2 5

3 6

PAGE 31

6.3 WALL JORDAN TOK WEN XUAN 0327629Wall is often used to divide area. It provides privacy and protection from weather and animals. All walls are either load bearing or non-load bearing walls. You can demolish a wall if it is a non-load bearing wall; you cannot move or demolish a load bearing wall.

Load Bearing Wall It is part of the structure of the building, it holds the building up and transfer it to the foundation, it can be exterior wall or interior wall. It braces from the roof to the floor. Re-moving a section of a load bearing wall to create a pass-through requires adding a new beam and columns to support the floor above.

Non-load Bearing Wall (Used on site)It is only a partition that divides the various rooms of a building, it only carries their own weight.

Party WallIt is a dividing partition between two adjoining buildings. This type of wall is usually structural. It can also be formed by two abutting walls. It could be a firewall.

Masonry WallsThese walls are made of brick or cement blocks held together with cement mortar and are often plastered with cement plaster on both surfaces.

Concrete Brick

Clay Brick

2Party Wall

1

PAGE 32

MortarIt is a workable paste used to bind construction blocks together and fill the gaps between them.

Mortar

Bonding of Masonry The bonds in brick masonry is developed by the mortar filling between layers of bricks and in grooves when bricks are laid adjacent to each other and in layers in walls. Mostly used material for bonds in brick masonry is cement mortar. Lime mortar and mud mortar are also used.

Flemish Bond Running Bond

Masonry Bonding Patterns

Running Bond (Used on Site)

Commonly used for cavity and veneer walls, it is composed of overlapping stretchers.

Flemish Bond (Used on Site)

It has alternating headers and stretchers in each course, each header being cen-tered above and below a stretcher.

Stack Bond

It has successive courses of stretchers with all head joints aligned verticaly. Hori-zontal joint reinforcement is required.

Common Bond

It has a course of headers between every 5-6 courses of stretchers, also known as American bond.

PAGE 33

Masonry Joint

Concave Joint

Providing maximum protection against water penetration.

V-Joint

Providing maximum protection against water penetration.

Weathered Joint

Tend to catch the light and give the brickwork a near, ordered apperance.

Struck Joint

It is a poor insulator against water, it will allow water to collect on its bottom ledge.

Flush Joint (Used on Site)

It is best used when the wall is intended to be plastered or joints are to be hid-den under paint.

Raked Joint

This design highly emphasizes the joint. It is for interior use only.

Step of Masonry Wall Construction

2

3

5

4

6

Placing, positioning and aligning corner block.

Plumbing block to improve bonding between bricks.

Placing coil mesh in between brick layers for every 4 rows

Leveling block to ensure the block surface is even.

Filling the brick accordingly to the center from both corners.

Chipping off mortar with a trowel and plastering.

Coil Mesh

Reference String

PAGE 34

Plastering Other Elements

Skim coating is a texturing technique used to make a wall smooth and hide an imperfect taping job. The mixtures of it are water, concrete and lime.

Coil Mesh

Also called coil lath, brickwork reinforcement mesh, is embedded in the normal thickness of brickwork joint. It gives brickwork increased resistance to tensional stresses to reduce the detrimental effects of vibration and changes of temperature. It is easily incorporated into mortar course, coiled for ease of handing.

Dowel Bars

Dowel Bars are friction cut and provide positive load transfer across the joints. Smooth bars allow movement in the joint due to shrinkage and temperate changes.

Cement Pit

It is used as a marking point for workers to know the thickness of plastering.

Brick Plastering Coating Finishing(Painting)

PAGE 35

Other Elements

Reference String

It acts as a guide line for workers to ensure the laying of bricks are straight.

Angle Bead

Angle Bead is used to create clean crisp corners, provide strength and prevent chipping.

Soldier Bond

Bricks are placed in slanted angle (45°) at the top row of party wall to allow expansion when fire occurs.

Clay Brick Concrete BrickManufacture Process Harder, generates large

amounts of carbon dioxide.Easier, minimal pollution.

Water Absorption Rates lower. higher.Colour Deep red or dark orange,

retain colour.Mostly pale grey, colour will fade over time.

Shape Mostly rectangle. Square, triangle, octagon and trapezoid.

Joint between bricks Will shrink, need contrac-tion joints.

Will expand, need expan-sion joints.

Brick Properties

PAGE 36

6.4 STAIRCASES JORDAN TOK WEN XUAN 0327629Staircase is a term applied to a complete flight of steps between two floors. It provides a safe means of travel between floors.

Type of Staircase Used On Site

Double Quarter Landing Stairs

It allows the stair case to turn through 180 degrees. This is achieved by turning 90 degrees on two large square steps or landings.

Closed Riser, Open Stringer Both SidesBenefit of Closed RisersClosed Riser is safer than Open Riser especially for those family who have kids, elder-ly and pets.

Open Stringer both sidesA decorative stair design, each tread is open on both sides. There is not a boxed in section anywhere on this stair type.

Advantages of Double Quarter Landing Stairs- Double Quarter Landing stairs can be easier to fit into an architectural plan.- They offer some architectural interest.- The landing(s) can offer a resting point part way up the stairs.

Disadvantage of Double Quarter Landing StairsThese types of stairs are a bit more difficult to build.

Plan

Elevation

Open StringerClosed Riser

PAGE 37

Part of Staircase Materials of Staircase Used on SiteConcrete Staircase with Wooden Treads.

Newer

Landing

Rise

Run

Nosing

StringerTread

Riser

BalusterRailing

Concrete

Wooden Tread

Reinforced Concrete

It is fire-resistant and mouldable into different shapes. It can take a high load, it is economical and flood proof.

Timber

Design Flexibility, lightweight and easy to install and maintain.

Other Materials that can be used in stairs

Glass It gives an openness and clean airy feel.

SteelIncredible strength and hardwearing. It allows us to increase the span and length of the stair and makes it great for commercial stairs that are exposed to high traffic.

Stainless SteelIt is used for handrails and balustrade. Easy to keep clean. Doesn’t rust.

StoneMarble stairs can have creative inlayed geometric or floral patterns and can also be carve into vertical slabs or tiles, granite gives a rich shiny look, sandstone provides a more rustic feel.

PAGE 38

Construction Process of Reinforced Concrete Stairs + Wooden Treads

Step 1 Measuring

Measure the differences between both floors, then divide the value of the height found by the number of risers.

The standard step measurement: 30cm tread, 18cm riser heights, minimum 90cm of the width.

Step 6 Installing Steps

Install the stair risers based on your formwork design (see Step One).

Step 2 Ground Prepping

The general idea of ground prepping is to simply ensure that the ground you will build your staircase upon is very compact to prevent any sinking in during cement pouring and prevent uneven steps.

Step 7 Bracing

Enforcing the structure to ensure that the concrete will not flow out and lose its shape before it has time to fully set.

Step 3 Building the Form Panels

Start building wood form panels, which are basically two panels made out of wood that help maintain the shape of the steps while the concrete is being poured in.

Step 8 Pouring the Concrete

Cement mix should be highly viscous as a runny mix will cause the steps to slump downwards.

Step 4 Assembling the Form Panels

Ensure that the base of the panelling is fully flat on the ground to prevent ending up with a lopsided staircase.

Check for any gaps between the foundation or porch. If there are visible gaps, fill up the holes with wood pieces.

Step 9 Adding the Finishing Touches

Repeat the trowelling process several times for each step with a magnesium trowel and an edger to smoothen the surface and clean the edges.

Step 5 Reinforcing Steps

Reinforcing the concrete staircase with steel.

Step 10 Attaching the Wooden Treads and Railings

Attach the wooden treads on cement, measure the railings to length, install balusters and attach railings.

Steel Bar

Concrete

Form Panel

Baluster

PAGE 39

DOORS AND WINDOWSBY CHIN MAN CHOONG

0324509

7.0

7.1 DOORS IntroductionDoor create a division from one space to another. While exterior wall work to divide exterior space with private space, it also acts as a protection and weather insulation to the house. Interior wall generally divide interior space, and give aesthetic values to the house.

Type of DoorThere are 4 type of door can be found in this construction project.

Gate

A gate is a point of entry to a space. The gate distinguish the area of road and the area of house. It is used to control the entry and exit of peoples. Usually it refers to the entrance of the building. This gate can be open manually.

Toilet Sliding door

Sliding door used as toilet door to save space. The door is also made of one big piece of solid wood.

Interior Door

Typical size of interior door. 210mm x 900mm. No frame for the door, just a simple big piece of solid wood.

Exterior Door

Wooden door, slightly larger than normal door.

1 4

3

2

PAGE 41

Sub-Framing

Installed earliest in the construction phase. The installation of mainframe was done after the completion of internal part.

Fabricate with smaller width to allows adjustment later.

Subframe can be install both before and after the wall erection.

The advantage of sub framing system including prevent damage of main frame, save cost and time from undesired work, prevent staining of door frame by cement.

Installing Door Sub-Frame Procedure

1. Locate the door

The location of the door was confirmed, and the dimension of opening are confirm to suit the drawings.

2. Align door frame

The subframe was align to the outlines

3. Secure frame

Timber was used temporary to obtain the alignment that was needed

4. Close the Gap

The gap between the wall and the door frame was grouped. Timber strip can be used to provide backing.

Door Construction Process

Installing Door Main Frame Procedure

1. Verify the dimensions of the sub framing by carrying out a proper measurement of the sub frame to obtain the suitable dimension of the door frame.

2. A complete set of main frames will be directly installed. Before the installation, the size and quantity of the frame should be check and reconfirm. The opening of the ironmongery should be pre-cut in factory to minimize work.

3. The pre-cut mainframe is assembled with either nails or screw.

4. Bonding agent such as silicon are applied over main frame for better water resis-tance.

5. Main frame is installed onto the sub-frame. Normally timer wedges would be used to temporarily secure the main frame.

6. Finally, the main frame was secured using wave nails onto the substructure.

PAGE 42

Installing Door Panel and Ironmongery

1. The correct door panel was chosen as approved in the drawings, check for visual damage before start installation.

2. After checking the proper alignment and the dimen-sion of the door, door panel was installed.

3. Finally, The lock set is installed, the lockset should be check to make sure it operate smoothly.

Door Construction Process

Handles Hinges

PAGE 43

7.2 WINDOWSWindow is an opening on a piece of wall in the building that al-lows air and light to enter. Window normally made of glass and are held by frame.

Materials The materials chosen on site was aluminum window frame. Aluminum frame is slim, durable, light and require low mainte-nance. Even though it is light it is still a very strong material. In compare to other material such as vinyl and wood, aluminum can conduct heart better. In other to improve energy efficiency, thermal breaks is used to separate inner and outer space.

Due to the prone oxidation surface of aluminum, finishing must be done. Matt is applied at the final finishing.

Fixed Windows

Sliding Windows

Louvered Windows

Double Hung Windows

SIngle Hung Windows

Casement Windows

Bay Windows

Storm Windows

Clerestory Windows

Gable Windows

Skylight

Type of Windows

PAGE 44

1. Adjustable Louvres Windows

Comprise horizontal glass adjustable to control the amount of light and air into the space. Mainly for natural ventilation.

Type of Windows Used

Aluminum Frame

Glass

2. Fixed Window.

A fixed window has a fixed glazed sash. It is designed mainly to provide view, allow natural light in and aesthet-ic purpose only. It can’t be open hence it can’t be use for ventilation.

PAGE 45

Installation of WindowThe system started with a subframe and the window was mounted on the subframe later.

It allows better weather resistance, great flexibility in the sequencing of work. And it also lowers the risk of physical damage.

GlazingThe window normally has either a single or double glazing system. Depending on the location the window is, it controls the penetration of the natural light.

Glazing is define as the act of fixing glass into a frame or surround in domestic work. It can be done my securing the glass with putty or beading. It must be carry out ac-cording to recommendation in BS 6262: Glazing for building.

ProcessPosition the Sub-frame

Fixing the Subframe

Seals the head and joint between external wall and sub frame.

Protection for subframe.

Prepare to install main window frame

Install main frame.

1

2

3

5

4

6

PAGE 46

CONCLUSIONBY POH WENG CHUAN

0319951

8.0

Firstly, we were very thankful to Mr. Calvin Loo for introducing the site to us and being the lead coordinator to guide us around the construction site. We were overwhelmed how much we have learned on that day of site visit. The site itself is located around Shah Alam, which we could manage to drive there. We were able to witness the famous developer SIME DARBY and ar-chitect HIA architect collaborate to create such two story building.

Throughout the site visit we learned to know that how tough the process can be when it comes to create a building even though it’s just two story high. When we get to the site, we get to witness various construction activities go-ing on, which we have been briefed before from the lecture session for build-ing construction. We saw how people installed substructure in to the earth before setting up superstructure. We also get to see how contractors handle machinery to carry out excavation and all the way through the finishing of the process building up the house. The eyes witness of the process of carrying out the construction is more impactful because we are witnessing it on the moment.

Besides, we were also thankful to the lectures that they taught us the process of construction, so that we understand and aware what are the process that the workers carry out during construction. The experience that we have been through on that day of site visit, bring us in-depth knowledge about the pro-cess of building up a two-story house and understand how the building itself is form using modern and minimalist concept to approach this project.

All in all we learn that, whenever constructing any building, the components of the steps of constructing a building are necessary to be taken crucially. Plan-ning this steps are very important for architects, with less knowledge of these steps create failure to the project. As we learn that every steps of these con-structions are more important than design.

8.1 SUMMARY

PAGE 48

8.2 REFERENCES 1. Types of door materials. (n.d.). Retrieved May 20, 2017, from http://www.build.com.au/types-door-materials2. Anupoju, S. (2017). TYPES OF DOORS USED IN BUILDING WORKS. The Constructor. Retrieved 24 May 2017, from https://theconstructor.org/building/types-of-doors-building-works/11898/3. Manaf, S. R. (n.d.). Site Safety Supervisor (SSS). Retrieved May 24, 2017, from http://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/en/?option=com_content&view=arti-cle&id=584&Itemid=6084. Hudson, R. (2003). Safety on construction sites. Safety At Work, 819-849. doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-047429-8.50041-95. (2017). Dosh.gov.my. Retrieved 14 May 2017, from http://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php/en/legislation/guidelines/building-construction-engineering-work/669-01-guide-lines-for-public-safety-and-health-at-construction-sites-2007/file6. 12 safety inspectors to inspect hundreds of construction sites. (n.d.). Retrieved May 19, 2017, from http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/na-tion/2016/08/30/12-safety-inspectors-to-inspect-hundreds-of-construction-sites/7. Window Parts & Diagrams. (n.d.). Retrieved May 20, 2017, from https://www.hometips.com/how-it-works/window-parts.html8. Ashish Vasava, Student at Studying Follow. (2015, August 18). Doors and windows - Building Construction. Retrieved May 24, 2017, from https://www.slideshare.net/ashishvasava1995/doors-and-windows-building-construction9. ANON(2017). Retrieved 14 May 2017, from https://www.bca.gov.sg/Professionals/Iquas/gpgs/AWindow/AWInstallation.pdf10. Mishra, G. (2016, December 02). WALLS- TYPES, FEATURES AND DESIGN CONCEPT. Retrieved May 20, 2017, from https://theconstructor.org/building/walls-types-features-and-design-concept/819/11. Types of Walls. (n.d.). Retrieved May 19, 2017, from http://www.understandconstruction.com/walls.html12. Construction Method, Material Selection & Building Services. (n.d.). Retrieved May 17, 2017, from http://slideplayer.com/slide/1421890/13. Mishra, G. (2015, July 08). TYPES OF MASONRY WALLS. Retrieved May 19, 2017, from https://theconstructor.org/building/types-of-masonry-walls/10800/14. D. (n.d.). Masonry Terms / Glossary. Retrieved May 19, 2017, from http://www.tuckpointingmasonry.com/gallery/glossary15. Mortar joint. (2017, April 22). Retrieved May 18, 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortar_joint16. Mishra, G. (2017, March 04). Types of Bonds in Brick Masonry Wall Construction and their Applications. Retrieved May 20, 2017, from https://theconstructor.org/build-ing/types-bonds-brick-masonry-flemish-english-wall/11616/17. Mohdasrimohdhasim Follow. (2013, November 12). Superstructure construction. Retrieved May 19, 2017, from https://www.slideshare.net/mohdasrimohdhasim/super-structure-construction18. Masonry Concrete Brick Stone PDF - bizzy.calibe.info. (n.d.). Retrieved May 19, 2017, from http://www.bing.com/cr?IG=C9AC74EDA9A742B5A1C4153C2B23C00F&CID=2A1450094E08658810885A854F0E64C6&rd=1&h=_BU8gTCY5rEGRGHdIqrO036dPkCHQyAWA6dSk8rUns0&v=1&r=http%3a%2f%2fbizzy.calibe.info%2fmasonry-con-crete-brick-stone.pdf&p=DevEx,5032.119. Brick. (2017, May 14). Retrieved May 20, 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brick20. Clay Bricks vs Concrete Bricks – What is the Difference? (n.d.). Retrieved May 24, 2017, from http://www.johnirwinchicago.com/real-estate-resources/2016/12/2/rm-l64qpph7utw93rz6uhubhbteylth21. Engineering Services Technical Bulletin - General Shale. (n.d.). Retrieved May 21, 2017, from https://www.bing.com/cr?IG=03ED02144DB84C2BA84A5B-B8E262160C&CID=0ECF8C63FC6C6FB529C186EFFD6A6E9E&rd=1&h=grfmuvaMHTjcq5zxwUYNceZMolQK1fiFcrfb3Tofoz4&v=1&r=https%3a%2f%2fgeneralshale.com%-2fresources%2ffile%2f54638107-31be-4bf5-9a6d-ebc42523cefd.pdf&p=DevEx,5036.122. Members, G. (1970, January 01). Building Materials. Retrieved May 19, 2017, from http://buildingmaterialslllw.blogspot.my/2012/03/difference-between-clay-bricks-and.html23. Concrete Brick vs Regular Brick. (2010, August 10). Retrieved May 18, 2017, from http://www.doityourself.com/stry/concrete-brick-vs-regular-brick24. [Hot Item] Brick Coil Mesh for Construction. (n.d.). Retrieved May 22, 2017, from http://hrdwiremesh.en.made-in-china.com/product/KeSmFiIACvrf/China-Brick-Coil-Mesh-for-Construction.html

PAGE 49

25. How to render corners. (n.d.). Retrieved May 22, 2017, from https://www.bunnings.com.au/diy-advice/home-improvement/walls/how-to-render-corners26. How are angle beads used on corners ? is bonding compound used underneath deading to bed to plasterboard before top scrimming? (n.d.). Retrieved May 22, 2017, from https://www.mybuilder.com/questions/v/2703/how-are-angle-beads-used-on-corners-is-bonding-compound-used-underneath-deading-to-bed-to-plasterboard-before-top-scrimming 27. Reinforcing - Square Dowels - Black / Galvanized. (n.d.). Retrieved May 24, 2017, from http://www.bing.com/cr?IG=9BBF0AD25F0645DB8DD484DB-91C57EED&CID=37EED8E0EA396A0A37DED26CEB3F6B48&rd=1&h=weuLfc9-Aq43V729QcKVOEYscu18MkL09DSeX1zsSPE&v=1&r=http%3a%2f%2fwww.reinforcing.com%2four-products%2faccessories%2fdowels%2fsquare-dowels-black-galvanized&p=DevEx,5063.128. Building Construction & Finishing - Free-Ed.Net. (n.d.). Retrieved May 22, 2017, from http://www.bing.com/cr?IG=AFADA6B8F3EC4122B0F274A22F92A7D9&CID=2D-3FA7380DC362451F6EADB40CC563A6&rd=1&h=9o8--D-fzHsmcIW2zo6LpJM5Hdn9kRlMfCil4cJWSi4&v=1&r=http%3a%2f%2fwww.free-ed.net%2ffree-ed%2fRe-sources%2fTrades%2fcarpentry%2fBuilding01%2fdefault.asp%3fiNum%3d0801&p=DevEx,5057.129. Writer, L. G. (2016, October 07). What Is a Skim Coat When Painting Walls? Retrieved May 22, 2017, from http://homeguides.sfgate.com/skim-coat-painting-walls-73714.html30. How to Make Your Own Skim Coat for Portland Cement | Hunker. (n.d.). Retrieved May 22, 2017, from https://www.hunker.com/12565016/how-to-make-your-own-skim-coat-for-portland-cement31. party wall. (2017, May 13). Retrieved May 22, 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_wall32. beam and slab. (2001). Construction-greatopportunity.blogspot.my. Retrieved 23 May 2017, from http://construction-greatopportunity.blogspot.my/2012/03/beam-and-slab.html 33. Carter, T. (2007). Column and Beam Construction | Ask the Builder. Askthebuilder.com. Retrieved 11 May 2017, from http://www.askthebuilder.com/col-umn-and-beam-construction/ 34. Design of Flat Plate Slab [pdf]. (2011). Civil Engineering Blog. Retrieved 20 May 2017, from http://www.iamcivilengineer.com/2014/08/design-of-flat-plate-slab-pdf.html 35. Difference Between One Way Slab and Two Way Slab. (2009). Civil Engineers Forum. Retrieved 22 May 2017, from http://civilengineersforum.com/difference-between-one-way-slab-two-way-slab/ 36. Farm, yeah. (2011). Csm-fanaa.blogspot.my. Retrieved 23 April 2017, from http://csm-fanaa.blogspot.my/2011/03/ 37. Ground supported floors. (2005). Nuweb.northumbria.ac.uk. Retrieved 24 May 2017, from http://nuweb.northumbria.ac.uk/bedemo/domestic_floors/page_13.htm 38. Mishra, G. (2008). TYPES OF RCC BEAMS AND REINFORCEMENT DETAILS. The Constructor. Retrieved 23 May 2017, from https://theconstructor.org/structural-en-gg/types-of-rcc-beams-and-reinforcement-details/7383/ 39. ▷ Satteldach - Das sind die Vorteile. (2010, April 01). Retrieved May 22, 2017, from http://www.schoener-wohnen.de/architektur/27925-rtkl-bauen-satteldach40. Hip Roof vs. Gable Roof - Pros & Cons of Each. (2017, May 04). Retrieved May 22, 2017, from https://www.roofingcalc.com/hip-roof-vs-gable-roof/41. Basic Roof Construction. (n.d.). Retrieved May 22, 2017, from https://www.tuttlecontracting.com/roofing-basics42. Roof Shapes. (2017, May 08). Retrieved May 22, 2017, from https://www.thisoldhouse.com/ideas/roof-shapes43. Gabled roof. (n.d.). Retrieved May 22, 2017, from http://www.build.com.au/gabled-roof44. http://www.simedarbyproperty.com/elmina-valley-phase-245. (n.d.). Retrieved May 22, 2017, from http://www.theedgeproperty.com.my/tags/elmina-valley-246. Elmina Valley 2, Elmina, Shah Alam. (n.d.). Retrieved May 22, 2017, from http://www.propertyguru.com.my/property-listing/elmina-valley-2-shah-alam-for-sale-by-benny-ong-2391923947. Cement production up 10% year-over-year - On-Site Magazine. (2011). On-Site Magazine. Retrieved 24 May 2017, from http://www.on-sitemag.com/construc-tion/1003953283/1003953283/ 48. Rebar grids in a concrete floor during a pour. (2013). 123RF Stock Photos. Retrieved 24 May 2017, from https://www.123rf.com/photo_30723675_rebar-grids-in-a-con-crete-floor-during-a-pour.html 49. West-Construction :: construction projects in Russia. (2015). West-construction.ru. Retrieved 24 May 2017, from http://www.west-construction.ru/management.php50. (2017). Procurement-notices.undp.org. Retrieved 22 May 2017, from http://procurement-notices.undp.org/view_file.cfm?doc_id=1765051. Mishra, G. (2016, June 21). SEQUENCE OF WORKS FOR EXCAVATION AND BACKFILLING. Retrieved May 24, 2017, from https://theconstructor.org/practical-guide/sequence-of-works-for-excavation-and-backfilling/7370/

PAGE 50

building construction documentation

Design

Transcript of building construction documentation