Building capacity for Asian ICT policy and regulatory reform
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Transcript of Building capacity for Asian ICT policy and regulatory reform
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Building capacity for Asian ICT policy and regulatory reform
Rohan Samarajiva & Sujata GamageExecutive Director & Director of Knowledge Networks
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Agenda LIRNEasia and its mission Building capacity
Mobilizing existing expertise Producing and reproducing scholars
S&T project that serves as model What’s different in the social sciences
What is proposed for ICT policy and regulation scholars in Asia ICT P&R scholars in universities
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LIRNEasia and its mission Non-profit organization incorporated in Sri Lanka;
working in region; South Asia and out Still in 1st year: launched September ’04 Current projects in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia,
Nepal, and Sri Lanka Mission: To improve the lives the people of Asia by
making it easier to make use of the information and communication technologies they need; by facilitating the reform of the laws, policies and regulations to enable those uses; by building Asia-based human capacity through research, training, consulting and advocacy.
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Who focuses on what part of the ICT value chain now
Infrastructure (Telecom networks)
Internetgovernance NTU School of Communication &
Information?
LIRNEasia
Telecom strategies of the poor
Least cost subsidies in Nepal
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What does building Asia-based capacity mean?
1. Mobilizing existing expertisea. Repurposing existing expertise
2. Producing and reproducing expertise
LIRNEasia working on 1 Only universities can do 2
Do universities have to be Asia-based? How many Asian universities have
strengths in ICT P&R?
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Our proposal A systematic approach to identifying
existing ICT expertise on Asian ICT policy and regulation Going beyond conventional casual
networking/snowballing approach Research on conditions for
Building a virtual community of Asian ICT policy and regulation scholars
Improving production & reproduction of scholars
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Proposal builds on “Best practices in North-South
research collaborations: A case study of Sri Lanka” US National Science Foundation, Science
and Technology Studies Program (SES-0328729, independent scholar award)
Visiting Scholar (2003-05) at Research Value Mapping Group, School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA, USA
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Objective of NSF study
Identify best practices in building S&T capacity in Sri Lanka and the relative role of North-South collaborations
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Knowledge networks
KN membership captured through Memberships in associations Co-authorships Citations in publications and/or Citations in patents
But this data by themselves do not explain how KNs are created or the conditions for their sustainability
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Research methodology No universal typology Define the desired outcome Start with any kind of KN
Mapped through methods such as publications in ISI journals and citation analysis
Identify key members Use interviews and surveys to discover
conditions for success
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In the NSF study
Desired outcome = active researchers located in Sri Lanka building local capacity Defined as production of at least one
PhD in Sri Lanka who has published at least one ISI journal article
This is being redefined in the course of the research
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NSF study
Start with co-authorship based population
Cluster into KNs Identify key researchers Then survey using questionnaire Conduct interviews
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Starting point of KN mapping
Publications in Science Citation Index 1993-02 with Sri Lanka in the address field, e.g.,
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Sample RecordAuthors: Taniguchi-Y Nagao-T Maeda-H Kameyama-Y
Warnakulasuriya-KAASTitle: Epithelial-Cell Proliferation in Oral Lichen-PlanusFull source: CELL PROLIFERATION 2002, Vol 35, Iss S1, pp 103-
109. . . . . . . . . No. Related Records: 20No. cited references: 19Addresses: AICHI-GAKUIN-UNIV, SCH DENT, DEPT ORAL &
MAXILLOFACIAL SURG 2, NAGOYA, AICHI 464, JAPAN AICHI-GAKUIN-UNIV, SCH DENT, DEPT PATHOL,
NAGOYA, AICHI 464, JAPAN FAC-DENT-SCI, PERADENIYA, SRI-LANKA UNIV-LONDON-KINGS-COLL, GUYS KINGS & ST
THOMAS DENT INST, DEPT ORAL MED & PATHOL, LONDON WC2R-2LS,ENGLAND
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Population then clustered into KNs
Based on common keywords, e.g., Solid State Physics/Chemistry Malaria/Filaria Other Diseases Crops/Livestock/Food Natural Resources
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Sample of solid state physics KN
Author Collaborator Author Count
Collab Count
Auth&Collab Count
Auth Percent
Collab Percent
Bandara-J Tennakone-K 8 56 6 75% 11%
Bandara-J Kiwi-J 8 3 3 38% -
Bandara-J Mielczarski-JA 8 2 2 25% -
Bandara-J Bandaranayake-PKM 8 2 1 13% 50%
Bandara-J Binduhewa-P 8 1 1 13% 100%
Bandara-J Konno-A 8 8 1 13% 13%
Bandara-J Kumara-GRRA 8 25 1 13% 4%
Bandara-J Lopez-A 8 1 1 13% -
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Sri Lanka-based KN-1: Solid state physics
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Solid state physics KN
Groups and group leaders can be identified
Some groups do not interact Some are linked through a few
researchers Intensity of relations not shown
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Solid state physics KN
Inputs: Materials ($s, consumables, equipment) Knowledge (explicit, tacit)
Outputs: Expertise (PhDs/MPhils/BScs/Other)
Placement of experts Professional development
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Hard science networks v. social science networks
Multiple authorships the norm in hard sciences Co-authorship analysis yields useful network
maps Those at nodes tend to be senior researchers Snap shots at different points of time will show
“graduation” of researchers from subordinate to superior roles From periphery to center
SCI is a good indicator
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Hard science networks v. social science networks
Multiple authorships less common in social sciences Co-authorship analysis may be
inadequate by itself Have to supplement with citation
analysis Limitations in SSCI & HCI, especially
for policy researchers
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What is proposed for Asian ICT policy & regulation KNs
KN mapping using keywords in Google Scholar, SSCI and HCI Ideally identify multiple KNs
corresponding to different parts of the ICT value chain
Because we start from ICT policy and regulation research on Asia, assume two main subsets within each KN Those located in Asia Those located outside Asia
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But problems exist . . .
Ang and Rivera publish journal article on telecom regulation in Singapore using Samarajiva chapter in 2002 ITU Trends in Telecom Reform Report, but cite as ITU not Samarajiva
Samarajiva, Ang and Rivera belong to same KN but data may not reveal relationships
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ICT P&R researcher population located in Asia Those with research in areas of current LIRNEasia
research will be invited to participate in LIRNEasia activities Active website
23 registered users; 24 mB content; 30/day repeat users; another 30 or so first-time/day; ave. 100 page loads/day
Discussion threads with over 60 comments Participation in networking meeting, scheduled for
September 2005 Participation in virtual community: web discussions;
real-time participation in colloquia, etc. Joint research projects
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ICT P&R researchers located in universities (Asian and other)
Will be studied in terms of “reproduction” Who produces PhD and MAs? What are the factors conducive to reproduction? What are the constraints?
Question: should we privilege reproduction in Asia?
What can be done to enable greater reproduction?
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If NTU participates . . .
Full spectrum of ICT P&R research will be studied
NTU can use the research to consolidate its position as a leading center in Asia