Building Bridges with Taxonomy: Enabling Semantic Integration

© Design for Context

First Name Last Name Title can go here [email protected] @design4context

Jayne Dutra [email protected] @JayneDutra

Duane Degler [email protected] @ddegler

Building Bridges with Taxonomy

Enabling Seman6c Integra6on

Taxonomy Boot Camp 2 November, 2015

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Enabling SemanCc IntegraCon w Taxonomy Boot Camp 2015 @design4context

Presenters

TAXONOMY AND METADATA DESIGN Design metadata models and taxonomy sets that help users intuiCvely understand their content.

Jayne Dutra

Photo of addi6onal presenter here (in

grayscale)

INFORMATION ARCHITECTURE / DESIGN Understand the models that make informaCon Cck, and help people get things done.

Duane Degler

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Scoping Out a New Taxonomy Project

● What’s needed? Iden6fy the priority informa6on goals ●  Search, data clean up, data integra6on across systems, work flows

● What's broken? Iden6fy pain points in your organiza6on ●  Inefficiencies due to poor search func6onality, data fragmenta6on, inconsistent data maintenance processes, non-‐compliance issues

● What is in my domain? ● What informa6on is generated inside your company and specific to your use cases?

● What is external? ● What informa6on is available outside your company that is needed to resolve or complete internal requirements?

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The Challenge

● The amount of informa6on inside the company is exploding

● The amount of informa6on outside the company is exploding

● You want your informa6on to have strategic value

● How can a taxonomist take advantage of vocabularies, knowledge models, and informa6on rela6onships to give richness and organiza6onal context?

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Vocabularies and Knowledge Models …Need to Describe…

Content

Concepts in content

Synthesis across content

Tasks and collabora6ons in context

Retrieve Valuable

Informa6on

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Vocabularies and Knowledge Models

General and domain-‐shared terms & models

Your organizaLon’s unique terms & models

ConnecLng relaLonships

“Linked Data” as the bridge… Using ontologies and common vocabularies

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Crea6ng Linked Data Rela6onship Statements

Subject (a noun)

Object (a noun) Predicate

(a verb)

A “triple” Focused on expressing meaning of a statement

(beyond “broader than” or “related to”)


8 Enabling SemanCc IntegraCon w Taxonomy Boot Camp 2015 @design4context

Person ontology Business ontology Educa3on ontology

Person OrganizaLon

Post-‐Grad Degree

University

QualificaLon

Line of business

Business area

Products

Hobbies

Manager

Works as Has job

role

Has degree

Confers Controls

Operates in

Knows

Makes Valid type of

PracLces

Requires

More Disciplined Structures

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Understanding the Rela6onships

Business Product Buys

Business Product Sells

Has customer

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Avoiding Duplica6on, Adding Richness

Business

Business Product Sells

Has customer

Buys



Person ontology Business ontology Educa3on ontology

Person OrganizaLon

Post-‐Grad Degree

University

QualificaLon

Line of business

Business area

Products

Hobbies

Manager

Works as Has job

role

Has degree

Confers Controls

Operates in

Knows

Makes Valid type of

PracLces

Requires

But where are the Taxonomies???

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How Do a Taxonomy and an Ontology Fit Together?

Taxonomy A controlled (hierarchical)

classifica6on structure, usually with thesaurus rela6onships

Ontology A model that describes concept and en6ty rela6onships, with formal classes and proper6es

Organization

Company 1 External

Other

Internal Company 2 Can use to populate

For example, use the taxonomy to manage controlled vocabularies that populate instances and properties lists

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Types of Knowledge Models (ontologies) and Vocabularies

Upper Level

Local

Domain

General

Bridging Ontologies

Local

Vocabu

larie

s Co

mmon

, Available Vo

cabu

larie

s

●  Interconnected informa6on

●  Connec6ng disparate concepts and re-‐forming them in new ways

●  Insights emerge over 6me

Bridging Ontologies

Bridging Ontologies

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Local Vocabularies -‐ When YOU are the Expert

●  Examine what’s special about your organiza6on and design Local Vocabularies for that

●  Some candidate facets could include: Organiza6on, Content Type, Life Cycle, Project Names, Product Lines

●  Share the specific exper6se of your organiza6on

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Domain Vocabularies -‐ Tailored for a Specific Field

●  Look for common standards and terms used in your field

● Good for sharing across systems or organiza6ons in the same field

●  Such as: ●  UMLS / MeSH / SNOMED / HL-‐7 / ICD

●  Gemy Art & Architecture (AAT)

●  CATT

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General Vocabularies

●  Concepts that are commonly understood across communi6es

●  Examples of General Vocabulary Standards ●  Lexicon

- WordNet

●  People - VIAF (virtual internaConal authority file), ORCID

●  Loca6on and Places -  ISO 3166, FIPS, GeoNames, Lat Long, Ge\y TGN

●  Language -  ISO 639

●  Industry - NAICS

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Linked Data… The Core of the Seman6c Web

What exactly is the Seman6c Web?

● A way to make statements about things

●  More than just a classifica6on vocabulary list or pile of keywords

●  RDF (Resource Descrip4on Framework – the triples) allows us to express rela6onships between en66es -‐ increases the level of "about-‐ness"

● A way to make web content/data understandable to machines

● A way to share and re-‐use data by following standard web publica6on rules ●  Stable URIs and non-‐proprietary formats

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Linked Data Resources

Examples of sources: •  LinkedData

hmp://linkeddata.org

•  LOV from Open Knowledge Founda6on hmp://lov.okfn.org

•  BioPortal hmp://bioportal.bioontology.org



●  Sponsored and developed by the W3C, approved 2009 ●  Compa6ble with ANSI/NISO Z39.19-‐2005 Controlled Vocab Standards

●  SKOS allows transla6on of taxonomies into a format that can be shared and linked on the web

●  SKOS expresses ●  Defini6ons, notes, change notes

●  Preferred and Alternate terms

●  Hierarchical Rela6onships

●  Schemas have a permanent URI which can be used to map concepts to each other! ●  Also allows for fuzzy matching (close or exact)

●  SKOS Primer -‐ hmp://www.w3.org/TR/2009/NOTE-‐skos-‐primer-‐20090818/

SKOS – Simple Knowledge Organiza6on System



● Be found -‐ Linked data ontologies for search engines

Schema.org

•  Use their schema as a star6ng point

•  Add your organiza6on's special vocabulary values using SKOS files

•  Use General and Domain vocabularies where it makes sense



●  Types of Organiza6ons ●  Airline, Corpora6on, Educa6onal Organiza6on, Government Organiza6on, Local Business, NGO, Performing Group, Sports Organiza6on

●  Types of People (par6al) ●  Actor, Author, Broker, Buyer, Candidate, Character, Colleague, Compe6tor, Customer, Director, Employee, Founder, Landlord, Member, Organizer, Par6cipant, Seller, Spouse

● Also ●  Products, Places, Events, Ac6ons, Intangibles, Bibliographies…

Schema.org -‐ a Rich Resource

Recognized by the major search engines!

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Crea6ng Bridges, in Prac6ce (Sample)

NASA Content Types - Designs and Specifications - Quality Control

JPL Content Types

- Problem Failure Report - Incident Surprise Anomaly - Corrective Action Notice

Kennedy Content Types

- Quality Control Record - Error Log - Engineering Change Request

Combined through SKOS format

One Search Finds Them All!

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Take-‐Aways

● Using Linked Data formats to publish your informa6on is a powerful way to: ●  reduce overhead

●  increase integra6on and harmoniza6on poten6al

● Be the authority for your domain vocabularies

● Know what's out there for CV's and models you can adopt

● Be aware of some important standards like SKOS for taxonomies

● Use common approaches where it makes sense, like Schema.org

●  Increase your data’s richness and context-‐building possibili6es

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Summary: Vocabularies and Knowledge Models

General and domain-‐shared terms & models

Your organizaLon’s unique terms & models

ConnecLng relaLonships

“Linked Data” as the bridge… Using ontologies and common vocabularies


First Name Last Name Title can go here [email protected] @design4context

Jayne Dutra [email protected] @JayneDutra

Duane Degler [email protected] @ddegler

Building Bridges with Taxonomy

Enabling Seman6c Integra6on

Taxonomy Boot Camp 2 November, 2015

Building Bridges with Taxonomy: Enabling Semantic Integration

Internet

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