THE ROAD TO WW IITHE ROAD TO WW II

The depression opened the door for rulers such as (Hitler) in Germany and (Mussolini) Italy. People suffering looked for help from anyone.

Hitler and Mussolini saw war as a possible solution to their problems

ADOLF HITLERADOLF HITLER

Hitler’s ViewsHitler’s Views FACISM = A system of government

characterized by a rigid one-party dictatorship the forcible suppression of opposition private enterprise under centralized governmental control, and extreme nationalism, racism, and militarism. ( Started by Mussolini 1922)

Very Militaristic = Two private armies• Brown Shirts (SA) = Storm Troopers Black Shirts (SS) = Protective Group

Targets of HitlerTargets of Hitler

Union leaders

Communists

Organized religions

Jews (Belief of the Master Race)

Stages of PersecutionStages of Persecution1. Nuremberg laws = Took away all political

rights

2. Segregated (ghettos)

3. No phones

4. Made to wear Jewish Star

5. Kristallnacht (Nov.1938) “Night of Broken Glass”

6. Work Camps

7. Death Camps = Torture, Shot, Gas Chambers

8. Committed Genocide = Deliberate and systematic killing of a population (killed 6,000 a day)

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1st time during the war that resistance fighters in an area under German control had staged an uprising

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"we are segregated and separated from the world and the fullness thereof, driven out of the society of the human race."

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November 1941 the Nazis institute the death penalty for any Jew found beyond the ghetto walls.

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End of 1941, disease had killed > 43,000 people or 10% of the ghetto population

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Nazis actually deported more than 300,000 Jews from the ghetto. Most of them were taken to the Treblinka death camp. In the fall of 1942, almost all the factions in the ghetto decided to resist future deportations.

What happened to the people of the Warsaw

Ghetto? All in all, several thousand Jews had been

buried in the debris

> 56,000 had been captured.

About 30,000 of them were either immediately shot or transported to death camps

The remainder were sent to labor camps

Hitler rises to power in 1933 . . . What is

happening in U.S.? 4.5 Million Jewish people living in U.S.

After Kristallnacht (November 1938) FDR would not take victims in

“We have a quota system . . .” - FDR Wagner-Rogers Bill = opposition

Non-quota entry of 20,000 German children Rabbi Wise agreed to a limited # of children

77% of Americans opposed ^ immigration quota for Germany

66% did not even want children admitted

FDR did extend visas for 12,000 Jews already in U.S.

St. Louis

U.S. during WWII News of mass murders reaching U.S.

July 21, 1942 - 20,000 ppl. Protest Nazi atrocities at Madison Square Garden

Americans still unaware of extent of Nazi extermination effort

August 28, 1942 Wise receives cable from Gerhart Riegner (World Jewish Congress rep.) 3.5-4 mil. Jews to be deported and concentrated for

extermination --------> “Final Solution” Solving the Jewish question in Europe

Wise took message to Sumner Welles (Under-Secretary of State) Wells say wait until confirmed Meanwhile in Europe 1,000s of Jewish murdered/ day

U.S. during WWII

Roosevelt’s action -----> Rescue-Through-Victory Criticized by Committee for a Jewish Army of

Stateless and Palestine Jews

Henry Morgenthau (Secretary of Treasury) decided to push FDR into action Want to save Jewish betheren Met with FDR & presented report of mass

murders of Jews Morgenthau called for immediate action

6 days later FDR created the War Refugee Board

FDR Plans for WarFDR Plans for War Atlantic Charter = Roosevelt and

Churchill met secretly to take on Hitler

Both countries pledged the following:

1. Collective Security

2. Disarmament

3. Self Determination

4. Economic Cooperation

5. Freedom of the Seas

Roosevelt said to Churchill he could not ask Congress for a declaration of war but “he would wage war” and do “everything” to force an incident.”

Atlantic Charter FRD and Churchill secretly met

Meeting on the U.S. battleship Augusta

Churchill hoped for military commitment Settled for joint declaration of war aims

Pledges 1. Collective security 2. Disarmament 3. Self-determination4. Economic cooperation 5. Freedom of the seas

Japan Attacks the Japan Attacks the United StatesUnited States

Problems that led the U.S. into WW II

1. 1940 U.S. stopped selling planes to Japan

2. Stopped selling metal and oil

3. U.S. worked better with China (Japan’s Enemy)

4. Japan wanted dominate power in the Pacific and the U.S. was standing in their way.

Pearl HarborPearl HarborDec. 7, 1941Dec. 7, 1941

Questions about Pearl Harbor:

Did we know the attack was coming? Why on a Sunday?

The Japanese destroyed many ships, but not the aircraft carriers, why was this so important??

2,400 people died ( Some two weeks later) How did they die?

BATTLESHIP BATTLESHIP ROWROW

American ReactionsAmerican Reactionsto Pearl Harborto Pearl Harbor

1. Shock

2. It’s just a minor conflict, the U.S. should quickly take care of the problem.

3. Declared war on Japan, this directly gets us involved with Germany and Italy.

Mainland did not see pictures of destruction, death, and dismay

PropagandaPropaganda