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A

PRESENTATION

ON

 ‘‘ BUILDING AUTOMATION’’

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 Title

1)INTRODUCTION

2)NETWORKS

3)CONTROLLERS4)AIR HANDLERS

5)CENTRE PLANT

6)ALARMA & SECURITY 7)ROOM AUTOMATION

8)BUILDING BLOCKS

)CONCLUSION

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WHAT IS BUILDING

AUTOMATION!!Building automation describes

the advanced functionality

 provided by the control system of a

 building.

BAS core are-

1) occupancy schedule

2)monitors system performance

device failures3)provides email and/or tet

notifications .

 BAS is often referred to as an

intelligent building system or a

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BUILDING AUTOMATION

ARCHITECTURE

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NETWORKS

• 1) !"#$A"% &S'(*+A"% B,S• 'amples--BA(net optical fiber

ethernet A"(*' "S-232"S-0 or aireless netor 

• 2)!"4"A$$AB5' 54#((*"55'"S 6 

• 'amples78igBee

• 3)#*!,/,!, +'9#('S&,S'" (*"55'"S 

•   'amples--analog or digital humidityand pressure sensortherlatinum resistancethermometer

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CONTROLLERS

!rogrammable 5ogic (ontrollers:!5(s)

!5(;s provide the most responsiveness

and processing poer 

System/*etor controllers

System/*etor controllers may be

applied to control one or more

mechanical systems such as an Air

<andler ,nit :A<,) boiler chiller

etc.

erminal ,nit controllers.

erminal ,nit controllers usually are

suited for control of lighting and/or

simpler devices such as a pacage

rooftop unit heat pump 9A9 bo.

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BUILDING ELECTRICAL SYSTEMRISER DIAGRAM

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AIR

HAN

DLERS

$ost air handlers mi return and outside

air so less temperature change is needed.

Analog or digital temperature sensors

may be placed in the space or room the

return and supply air ducts and

sometimes the eternal air.Actuators are placed on the hot and

chilled ater valves the outside air and

return air dampers.

he supply fan :and return if applicable)is started and stopped based on either

time of day temperatures building

 pressures or a combination.

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CONSTANT "OLUME AIR#HANDLING UNITS

• he less efficient type of air-handler is a =constant volume air handling unit= or(A9.

• (A9s open and close dampers .

•  hey heat or cool the spaces by opening or closing chilled or hot ater valves thatfeed their internal heat echangers.

•4enerally one (A9 serves several spaces.

•  "ARIABLE "OLUME AIR HANDLING UNITS

• A more efficient unit is a =variable air volume :9A9) air-handling unit= or 9A9.

•  A 9A9 air handler can change the pressure to the 9A9 boes by changing the speedof a fan or bloer  ith a variable fre>uency drive 

• 'ach 9A9 bo supply air to a small space lie an office. 'ach bo has a damperthat is opened or closed based on ho much heating or cooling is re>uired in itsspace.

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Another variation is a hybrid

 beteen 9A9 and (A9

systems.

1) #*'"#" 8*'S operate

as in a 9A9 system.

2) ,'" 8*'S differ in that

the heating is supplied by aheating fan in a central

location usually ith a heating

coil fed by the building boiler.

"A" HYBRID SYSTEM

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CENTRA

L

PLANT

• A central plant is

needed to supply the

air-handling units ith

ater.

chilled ater system

hot ater system

condenser ater system

 

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CHILLED WATER SYSTEM

(hilled ater is often

used to cool abuilding;s air and

e>uipment. he

chilled ater systemill have chiller:s)

and pumps

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HOT WATER SYSTEM

he hot ater system

supplies heat to the

 building;s air-handlingunit or 9A9 bo heating

coils along ith the

domestic hot ater

heating coils :(alorifie)he hot ater system ill

have a boiler:s) and

 pumps.

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CONDENSER WATER SYSTEM

(ooling toer:s)and pumps are used to supply cool

condenser ater to the chillers.

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ALARMS & SECURITY 

$any building automation systems have alarm

capabilities. *otification can be through a

computer pager  cellular phone or audible alarm.

(arbon monoide and carbon dioide sensors can

 be used to alarm if levels are too high.

"efrigerant sensors can be used to indicate a

 possible refrigerant lea.

Security systems can be interloced to a building

automation system. #f occupancy sensors are

 present they can also be used as burglar alarms.

?ire and smoe alarm systems can be hard-ired

to override building automation.

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ROOM AUTOMATION

• Room automation is asubset of buildingautomation more systems

under centralised controlthough in this case in oneroom.

•  Room automation iscorporate boardroom

 presentation suites andlecture halls herevideoconferencinge>uipment video pro@ectorlighting control

systemspublic address

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PROCESSING SYSTEM

he use of $icroprocessors

:calculator chips & $ini

computers)

 Architecture

--#nput $emory utput

$icrpchip

--Address bus +ata bus

control bus

 0 1 32 bits

 $icroprocessors &

microcontrollers

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ANALOG & DIGITAL I$O

MODULES

Analog inputs

Digital inputs

Interrupt inputs Timer !ounter inputs

"ontrol outputs

Displa# outputs

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I$O

 

M

O

D

UL

E

• #nterrupt input

 – +ra attention of real time system toards

abnormal situations

 – Attends to interrupt and resumes normal

or 

• imer / (ounter 

 – (loc input or 4ate input to enable/ disable

timer/counters

 – utput of timer/counter can be used as

interrupts

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DISPLAY CONTROL

MODULE

• $anual entry sub module

• (" controller sub module

• 5'+ / 5(+ control sub module

• Alarm annunciator sub module

•

!rinter controller sub module

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BLOCK DIAGRAM

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SCADA

• Supervisory (ontrol

And +ata Ac>uisition

Systems

 – (hannel scanning – (onversion into

engineering units

 –

+ata processing

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S

 C  A

  D

  A 

ARCHITECT

URE

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 Title

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Opportunities arri$e %ail# to intelligentl# use &uil%ingautomation as more t'an (ust a !onne!tor o) ‘&rute )or!e’!om)ort generation s#stems*

Gro+ing greener appli!ation )or &uil%ing automation,ma-ing all large &uil%ings part o) t'e ele!tri!al gri%*

CONCLUSION

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  T%'( 

  Y*

  +,

 Y*,T-./

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0

U  E

  S

  T  I

  O  N

  S!!

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