Building an Empire European Colonization of the Americas
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Building an Empire European Colonization of
the Americas Clear Creek Amana 8th Grade Social Studies
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Learning Goals Where did the Spanish settle Why did they settle it. Consequences of settlement.
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Spanish Conquistadors
Conquistadors = Conqueror Spanish soldiers and explorers.
Motives of Conquistadors Wealth Power Prestige Spreading Christian Religion Increasing Spanish Trade
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Spanish Conquistadors receive permission to establish settlements in the Americas.
In return Spain gets 1/5 of all gold or treasure captured.
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Conquest of the Aztecs
Conquistador: Hernado Cortes, 1519 “We Spaniards know a sickness of the heart
that only Gold can cure”. Motivation: Gold and Wealth.
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Cortes and Moctezuma
Moctezuma II: Ruler of the Aztec Empire.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LT9YKjn67Og
Moctezuma II believed Cortes was a God.
Allowed Cortes into Tenochtitlán.
Taken prisoner by Cortes and his men.
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Causes of the Defeat of the Aztecs
Alliances The Spanish had made allies in the region who gave them supplies, information, and warriors. (Tlaxcala)
Motivation: Revenge Privileged status Survival
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Causes of the Defeat of the Aztecs
Weapons The Spanish had better weapons than the Aztecs.
They had cannons, armor, swords, and horses that the Aztecs did not have.
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Causes of the Defeat of the Aztecs
Geography: The Spanish were able to cut off the capital city. The people had no food or water, so many Aztecs died of starvation.
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Causes of the Defeat of the Aztecs
Disease The Spanish had unknowingly brought deadly diseases such as smallpox to the Americas.
Cuitlahuac: Aztec ruler after Moctezuma
Died of Smallpox
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Conquest of the Incas
Francisco Pizarro: 1532 “There lies Peru with
its riches; here Panama with its poverty. Choose each man what best becomes a brave Castilian”.
Motivation: Gold, Wealth
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Fall of the Incas Superior Weapons and Horses. Disease. Civil War among the Incas. (Hascuar v.
Atahualpa).
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Dividing the Land Originally conquistadors governed the land
they conquered. Proved to be poor rulers.
Spanish colonies divided between two colonies New Spain and Peru
Viceroy Person who rules on behalf of King.
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Types of Settlement.
Pueblos: towns Center for farming and trade
Presidios Forts where soldiers lived
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Society in Spain Divided into four social classes Penisulares: Born in Spain, held the highest jobs
in government and the Church. Creoles: people born in America to Spanish
Parents( Educated, worked in Universities and Law.
Mestizos: people with mixed Spanish and Indian background.( Farmers, Carpenters, Tailors)
Natives: people with 100% native background- treated as a conquered people
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The Encomiendia System
Spanish gave Spanish Nobility a specific number of natives to look after. Instruct them on the Spanish language. Protect natives from warring tribes. Teach them Christianity.
In return, Spanish could extract gold, silver or other products like corn, chickens or wheat.
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End of Encomiendia Came to an end when Spanish missionaries
began to protest the abuse of Natives. Replaced with a new system where natives
where directly employed.