Building an Aquaponics System - Texas A&M University · 2016. 10. 31. · 2" saw blade will fit...
Transcript of Building an Aquaponics System - Texas A&M University · 2016. 10. 31. · 2" saw blade will fit...
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BuildinganAquaponicsSystem
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• Buildinganaquaponicssystemisveryeasyonceyouhaveasounddesign.Grow bed 4’ x 20’ Sump 1 Bio Filter Fish tanks (100 gal ea)
Sump 2 Radial Filter
Key: valve
Water pump
Air pump
2” pvc
1 ½” pvc
Air line
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SystemOverview
• Thisisadualloopsystemwith:– 2100‐gallonfishtanks– aradialfilter– abiofilter– twosumptanks– 2waterpumps– 2airpumpswith8airstones– 4ft x20ft growbed.
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SystemOverview
• Thecompletematerialslist,includingsupplierandcost,isfoundinahandout.
• Theentiresystemwillcostabout$2,000andisveryeasytodo.
• We built it in 4‐5 hours
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DualLoopSystem
• Oneoftheprimarybenefitsofadualloopsystemisthatitenablesyoutoseparate,ifneedbe,thehydroponicsfromtheaquaculturesystems.Thisisimportantforthefollowingreasons:1. Ifyouneedtosprayorotherwisetreatthe
plantsyoucandosowithoutkillingthefish.2. Ifyouneedtotreatthefishorthefishdie,
thenyoucansupplementthenutrientneedsoftheplantswhileyouarebringingthefishbackonline.
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Hydroponics Aquaculture
Grow bed 4’ x 20’ Sump 1 Bio Filter Fish tanks (100 gal ea)
Sump 2 Radial Filter
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DualLoopSystem
• Theaquacultureloopiscomprisedofthetwofishtanks,theradialfilter,thebiofilterandSump1.
• ThehydroponicssystemisSump2andthegrowbed.
• Thedualloopsystemrequirestheadditionofasecondwaterpumpaswellasvariousvalvestocontrolthedirectionofthewaterflow.
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Dual Loop
Aquaculture• 2 fish tank• Radial filter• Biofilter• Sump tank 1
Hydroponics• Sump tank 2• Grow Bed
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DescriptionofComponents,OrderofConstructionand
SystemFlow
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FishTanks• Twofood‐grade100‐gallonRubbermaidstockwatertanksweresetuponcinderblockstobeatthehighestpointoftheentiresystem.
• Tankswerelaidoutandareaforthegrowbedsmeasuredtomakesureeverythingisspacedproperlyandwouldfit.
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Close up3 layers high : tank 1
2 layers high: tank 2
1 layer: sump tanks
Cascading effect
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FishTanks• Oneitemnotincludedinthissystem,butisnecessary,isthecoverforthefishtanks.
• Coversareimportantforatleasttworeasons:– First,youdonotwantyourwaterexposedtothesunbecauseitwillproducealgae.
– Second,youdonotwantfishjumpingfromonetanktoanothernordoyouwantthemgettingintoyourraftsystemwheretheywilleattheplantroots.
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GrowBedorTroughConstruction• Theinsidedimensionsofthegrowbedsare49.25incheswidebyalittleover20ft long.– Thefloatingboardsare4ft wide.– Theextra1.25“widthallowsforsomemovementoftheboards.Totalwidth(outside tooutside)is52.25”.
– Thissingletroughwasconstructedusing2x12pressuretreatedlumber.
– Treatedlumberisokaytousebecausethefoodgradelinerusedinthetroughprotectstheplantsfromanychemicalleachingfromthetreatedlumber.
– The2x12sectionswerejoinedtogetherontheinteriorcornersusinggalvanizedbracketsandontheexteriorbysplicingwith1x4treatedwood.
– Thecornerswerereinforcedusinggalvanizedcornerpiecesand11/4"deckscrews.
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Hole for return water pipe
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1x4 wood splice bracket
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GrowBedorTroughConstruction• Oncethelumberisassembled,laydownthelinerandcutittolength.
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GrowBedorTroughConstruction• TheUltraScrimR20WWlinercomesasarollof6.167ft x100ft andisFDAapprovedasfoodsafe.
• Pondlinerworksjustaswellandischeaper,butisnotcertifiedasfoodgradesoitcannotbeusedifyouaresellingyourproduct.– TheUltraScrimonlycomesintwowidths,6.167ftand12ft sothattendstodeterminethewidthofthegrowbeds.
– The6.167ft widthisperfectfor4ft widebedswithsidesthatareunderafoothighwith2x12woodboards.
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GrowBedorTroughConstruction• Oncelaidoutandcuttolength,thelinerwasstapledtothetopofthe2x12frame.
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GrowBedorTroughConstruction• Afterthelinerisinstalled,1x2treatedlumberwasnailedontoptofurthersecurethelinerandfinishthetroughs.
• Predrilltheholessothatthestripsdon’tsplit.
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Tipsonfoldingtheliner• Thecornerswerefoldedoveroneanother(thinkhospitalbed)insidethetankandthenthecornerlipswerecutalonga45degreediagonaltofacilitatestaplingtothetopoftheframe.
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BulkHeadFitting
• ThebulkheadfittingisinstalledthroughthelinerbycuttinganXinthelinerandfittingitthroughthelinerandthetroughwall.
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BulkHeadFitting• TightendownasmuchaspossibletoavoidleaksandfitthePVCpipeintoitusingahammerandscrewdrivertotighten.
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WaterReturnPipe• Thepipeisconstructedoftwo10ft long,2inchSchedule40PVCpipe,cuttosizeusingasawzall bladeandjoinedtogetherwitha2inchslipcoupling.
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WaterReturnPipe• Theintakeisattheendofthegrowingbedandhasafiltertokeepsolidsfromrecirculating.
• Thefilterisconstructedofhardwarenetandblackpetscreen,2”PVCendcap,and2clamps.
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WaterReturnPipe• ThecompletedreturnpipeisleveledusingacoupleofscrappiecesofPVCpipe.
• Note:plumbingfixturesinthewaterneednotbegluedtogetherbecauseleakingisnotaconcern.
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GrowBedorTroughConstruction• Thefinalstepistodrivesixteen3/4“x36"roundsteelstakesinwithasledgehammerandsecuredtotheoutsideallofthegrowbedbyscrewstokeepthewallsofthegrowbedfrombulgingwhenfilledwithwater.
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EndFilter• Allfiltersareconstructedinthesamefashion.
• LaydownaPVCpipeandanendcap,spacedabout6"apart,androllthehardwarenettogettheappropriatesizeandcutit.
• Dothesamewiththeblackpetscreen• Jointhepiecestogetherwithclamps.• Trimexcessnetfromend.
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PlumbingofFishTanks
• Thetwofishtanksareplumbedtocreateacascadingwaterflow.
• Holeswerecutthroughthesidesusingaholesaw.
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RadialFilter• Aholethatisthesamesizeasthepail(excludingthelip)isthencutinthetopofthe30galloncontainerusingajigsaw.
• Thepailisthenfittedintothehole,thelipoftheedgecatchingonthecoverofthe30galloncontainer.
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RadialFilter• Usingaholesaw, twoholesarecutinthebarrelmakingcertaintoavoidseams.
• InstallanelbowandapieceofPVCtotheinletpipeatthebottom.
Theholeatthebottomistheinletwherethewaterentersfromthefishtank.
Theholeclosertothetopistheoutletleadingtothebiofilter.
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RadialFilter• ThetopofthePVCpipeshouldbeatalevellittlebelowtheoutletline.
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RadialFilter• ThePVCpipefromtheinletpipeshouldalsocomeupinthemiddleofthepail.
• Theoutletpipeisoutsideofthepailsothatsolidsareforceddownbygravity.
Inlet Pipe
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RadialFilter• Thisshouldpreventmostsolidsfromexitingtheradialfilterintothebiofilter.
Overviewofplumbingfromtheoutside.
In from the fish tank
Out to bio‐filter
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RadialFilter• Athirdholeiscutinthebottomofthetanktodrainoutaccumulatedfishwastesolids.
• Solids canbeputintowormbinsforcompostingorwickingbedsorinthevegetablegarden.
Parts consist of:¾” Bulkhead fitting¾” ball valve
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Bio-filter• Next,waterflowstothebio‐filter.• Itissimplya30galloncontainerwithalidthatcontainstwotothreepackagesofbirdnettingscrunchedupintothecontainer.
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Bio‐filter• Thepurposeofthenettingistoprovidealargesurfaceareaforthebacteriatocolonizeandtransformammonia(toxictofish)intonitritethennitratewhichisnutritioustoplants.
• Youdon’tneedtodoanythingtoaddthebacteriaastheyareallaroundus.
• Ifyouwanttospeeduptheprocess,youcanspikeyourbio‐filterwithstore‐boughtbacteria.
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Bio‐filter• The30galloncontainerisplumbedwithtwo2"holes,sawedwithaholesaw.
• Theinletbringswaterfromtheradialfilterandtheoutletistosump#1.
IN from Radial Filter
OUT to Sump #1
Bio‐filter
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Bio‐filter• TheoutletisatalevelthatisessentiallylevelwiththetopofSump#1.
• Thispreventsbackflowfromthesumpintotheradialfilter.
Sump #1
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Bio‐filter• Similarly,topreventbackflowfromthebiofiltertotheradialfilter,theintakefromtheradialfilterneedstobealittlehigherthantheoutlettothesump.
Inside View Outside View
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Bio‐filter• Theintaketotheradialfilterhasanelbowdownsothatthewaterisforcedtopercolatethroughthebirdnetting.
Elbow
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SumpTanks• Twosumpsareonlynecessaryifyouuseadualloopsystem.
• Otherwiseyoucanrundirectlyfromthebiofilterintothegrowbeds.
• Itisrecommendedyouhave1sumptankafterthebiofilterwhichservesadualpurpose:anadditionalsettlingtankandadegassingtank.
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SumpTanks• Innormaloperation,thevalveleadingtosump#2andthepumpthatfeedsitareclosedandthevalvethatleadsbacktothepumpthatre‐circulatesthewatertothefirstfishtankisopen
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FloatingRafts
• Thefinalstageofconstructionistheconstructionofthefloatingrafts.
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FloatingRafts• Atemplateforholespacingforthefloatingraftsisa2ft x4ft with21/8"holesinitonapatternwithholes4"apart.
• Thisdesigngives122holeswiththe2ft x4ft template.
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FloatingRafts• ItisrecommendedtocuttheStyrofoamboardinhalftomake2ft x2ft piecestomakeiteasiertoworkwith.
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FloatingRafts• Anothertemplate(2.5ft x4ft)hasholesofsimilardiameter(21/8”)butarespaced8"apartandthereforeresultin24holes.
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FloatingRafts• Holesspaced8"apartareperfectformaturegreens(lettuce).
• Theholesspaced4"apartareperfectforseedlings.
• Boththe2ft x4ft withholesspaced4"apartandthe2.5ft x4ft raftwithholesspaced8"apartweighabout30lb whenfull,whichisworkableformostpeople.
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FloatingRafts• Somepeoplecreateanintermediatespacing(6"apart)forplantsthatarebetweenseedlingandfullmaturity.
• Alternatively,youcanusethesame4"spacing,butnotfillupalloftheholes.
• Ifyouchoosethislattercourseyoudowantsomeplugtoputintheemptyholesasanyexposureofthewatertolightwillproducealgae,whichyouwanttoavoid.
• Alsonotethatwhilethetemplatehasholesthatare21/8"indiameter,usea2"holesawbladetocuttherafts.
• Theextra1/8"inthetemplateistomakeitsothatthe2"sawbladewillfitinsidethetemplatewalls,makingitmucheasiertoworkwith.
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Conclusion• Fromacommercialstandpoint,aquaponicsworksifyoucansellthefishtocoveryourcostsandyoucanminimizeyoursupplementalinputsandmaximizeyourincomebygrowinggreens(lettuces,microgreens,kale,etc.)andselltorestaurantsandfarmersmarkets.
• Plantsharvestedarestillalivesinceyouharvestthemrootsandallsotheirshelf‐lifeismuchlonger.
• Forexample,youcanharvestlettuce,keepingtherootballinabag,andreplantitaweeklateranditwillcontinuetogrow.
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Conclusion• Generallyspeaking,youwillnotfinditprofitabletoproducetomatoesandotherfruitingplantsinafloating raftbed becausetheytakeuptoomuchspaceinyoursystem(e.g.onetomatoplanttakesup2sq.ft.vs.2lettucesin1sq.ft.)relativetotheirpriceandyoucannotsupplytheadditionalnutrients(potassiumandphosphorous)efficientlyincomparisontoothermethods.
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Conclusion• Separatetheaquaculturesystemfromthegreenhousehydroponicssystemsothatyoudon’tusevaluablegreenhousespacetoraisefishthatpreferadarkenvironment.
• Thebiggestcosttothesystemwillbethegreenhouseandtheheating/coolingthereof.
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Conclusion• Youneedtodecide,upfront,whetheryouneedcertificationofoursystemforthesaleoffishand/orvegetablesandbuildaccordinglyasitwillnotbeprofitabletotakethesystemapartandoutfititwithfoodsafematerialslater.
• Thefishsideoftheaquaponicssystemisnotveryprofitablesoyouneedtodeterminewhetherthecostofthefishharvestedforpersonaluseisatasatisfactorycost.