Building a semantic website
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A simple tutorial introducing methods and technologies used to build semantic websites, and why you should want to.
Transcript of Building a semantic website
- 1. Build a semantic web websitehttp://scienceforseo.blogspot.com
2. What is the semantic web?
- It is a very powerful way to access information on theweb.
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- It is a web of data where everything is linked in.
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- It allows applications to talk to each other, reusing and sharing this data.
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- The data is shared via a common web architecture (e.g.URI's)
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- Relationships in the data are created by tools and some are also created manually.
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- Thus machines can interact with data and humans can access far more accurate and useful data.
3. How is it useful in practise?
- You could not only access your photos, calendar, diary and so on, but also have relevant photos appear when you look at a specific event in your calendar
- You could be writing a document and you could ask for other documents that you want to reference without having to look for them.
- You can do a search and share that data with a friend or colleague, and relevant additional information that is relevant would be available to you both.
4. Why does this matter to my site?
- Without semantic mark-up, databases, ontologies and so on, your site cannot be picked up by engines like Google and others able to use semantic elements.
- Your site would then not get the visibility it deserves and could have.
- Your competitors may have prepped their site already and although you show #1 in the rankings, they are have more pulling power than you do.
- Mozillaare deploying a whole host of RDF tools
5. How does it work?
- Instead of using hyperlinks to link documents, the SW can be linked to any 2 resources (not just one document).This is achieved using RDF, OWL, SKOS.
- These allow you to describe documents, resources, people, categories, anything you like, in a machine readable way.
- RDF also provides an XML based syntax.
- These are linked by URI's
6. Example RDF
- It's about Bob Dylan (from W3C schools)
- http://www.w3schools.com/rdf/rdf_example.asp
7. Example OWL
- This the famous Koala Bear example - Wine is
- very thorough and a good tutorial though.
8. Example SKOS
- Single knowledge organisation system reference
- FromXML.com
9. GRDDL
- It stands for Gleaning Resource Descriptions from Dialects of Language.
- It allows RDF triples to be extracted from XML documents like XHTML which is often used as an example.
- GRDDL transformations can be attached to XML documents.
- The output of that is an RDF representation of the data and it can be queried using SPARQL (don't worry, it's covered a few slides on)
- There is a full example of GRDDL atW3C .
10. RDFa
- It stands for Resource Description Framework- in-attributes and it extends XHTML.
- It uses attributes from XHTML to allow you to tag everything up for semantic stuff.
- It extracts RDF triples using a mapping method.
- It allows for the data to be easily visible to humans and to machines, as the HTML and RDF are self-contained (separate).
- Data is reusable. Non-duplicated, and each site can have its own standards.
- SeeW3Cfor a good primer and examples.
11. URI's
- URIs are the Nouns (Uniform Resource Identifier)
- HTTP is the Verbs (GET, PUT, POST)
- The URI as you may know is used for mailto:, http: and so on (used to be called URL).
- They are used to access representations of resources.
- URIs give RDF identifiers so statements can be made about statements.
12. Example URI
- In N-Triple format (Plain text MIME format represents the correct answers for parsing RDF)
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- In URI format (the RDF is appended):
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- rdfuri:%3cBananas%3e%20%3are%3e%20%3cyellow%3e%20
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- There is a full list of official URI schemes to usehere .
13. SPARQL
- It stands for SPARQL Protocol And RDF Query Language pronounced Sparkle.
- It's like an SQL language especially made for the SW.
- It's based on the RDF framework and uses WSDL (Web Services Description Language)
- It has a query language, access protocol and the RDF data model.
- It's basically a search engine for the SW.
14. so...
- You can retrieve data, as you would in a normal or even massive database using a relatively small application from the entire web.
- You can query all comments, RSS feeds, images, FOAF, everything you might want want to all at the same time.
- It's easy to code and very short too, even though it is very powerful
15. SPARQL example
- This is fromWiki Musicontology see there for more examples.
16. FOAF
- This stands for Friend Of A Friend.
- It allows you to create a file that sites with your website.
- It is a machine readable social network where each profile has an individual URI.
- In the FOAF file you state who you are connected to, which projects, any publications you've written, anything at all.
- Their official site ishere .
- Also see Libby's bloghere .
17. Example FOAF
- The vocab specification ishere , example fromxml.com
18. There are tools to help you
- Converter Tools:
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- -TopBraid(available as Eclipse Plugin)
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- - Put yourPalm OS datainto RDF
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- -MindSwapCSV to RDF
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- -FlickCurl Flicker to RDF
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- - XML.com: XML to RDF
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- - Manchester UniOwl syntax converter
19. And more...
- Development environments:
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- -Protegeopensource java tool
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- -JenaJava Famework
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- - TheRDFeditor
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- -Altovafrom Semanticworks
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- -RDFein Python
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- -SimplisticRDF editor
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20. And more...
- RDF Generators:
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- -KWARCRDF extractor
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- -OpenCalais superb
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- -Triplifyplugin for applications
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- -Zemanta I love it
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- -FOAF-Visualizer to work with FOAF
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- -Foaf-o-maticto generate FOAF files
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- -Ruby RDF generator for Ruby fans
21. And more...
- Extras:
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- -MOAT meaning of a tag
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- -Amalgram good for linguists
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- -AllegrographRDF store
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- -BrownSauceRDF browser
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- -Conceptool- check your ontologies
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- -Fact++ is an OWL reasoner
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- -Addsemantics to Excel
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- -IBM semantic Layered Resource Platform
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- And there are many many more...
22. Tips
- To put RDF into (X)HTML use RDFa which has an XHTML 1.1 module.
- Use an RDF data browser to see RDF on the web such asDiscoorOpenLink RDF or aFirefox extension .
- PingtheSemanticWebis a good source of RDF all ready made and so isSchemaWeb
- Oh andDapperwill semantify your site :)
23. Links
- Book: The explorer's guide to the semantic web
- Book: ASemantic web guide
- Book: Semantic web for the working ontologist
- Book: The explorers guide to the semantic web
- Tim Berners-Lee Why RDF is different to XML
- RDF core working group
- IBM:Planning a semantic website
- Stanford:Semantic website clustering