Bugeln 1965. Algas Hawaii Islas de Enmedio

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ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN

---------------- -

No. 109

A prel iminary l i s t of the

a l g a l flo ra of th e Midway Islan ds

by

Richard G. B u g g e l n

Issued by

THE PACIFIC SCIENCE BOARD

National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council

Washington, D .C .

J u l y 15 , 1965



A preliminary list of the

algal flora of the Midway Islands

by

1Richard G. ~uggeln-

Algal collections which have been reported from the Hawaiian

Islands are largely based on materials collected from the more acces-

sible and most heavily populated islands of Oahu, Maui, Molokai,

Hawaii, and Kauai. However, collections have also been recorded from

two of the lesser islands in the northwestern part of the Hawaiian

chain: Laysan Island (Lemmermann, 1905) and Pearl and Hermes Reef

(Howe, 1934). To the author's knowledge there have been no publishedreports of algae collected from the Midway Islands--two islands situ-

ated on one of the last atolls toward the northwestern end of the

Hawaiian archipelago.

On a trip to the Midway Islands, January 12 through 16, 1962,

Dr. Charles H. Lamoureux of the Botany Department, University of

Hawaii, collected algae which had drifted onto several of the beaches

of both islands after a storm. These algae are listed below.

The Midway Islands (177'25' W. Longitude and 28O 15' N. Latitude)are on an atoll located 1300 statute miles northwest of Honolulu,

Hawaii. The diameter of this circular coral atoll is about 5 miles.

Wide reefs jut out of the water on the northeast side. The two islands

Sand and Eastern, are situated in the lagoon inside but near the

southern rim. Around the inside of the rim of the atoll is a wide

margin of shallow water which drops off toward the center of the atoll

into the depths of the lagoon.

Sand Island, the larger of the two islands, is one and a half

miles in length along the north-south axis and a mile wide along the

east-west axis. The island has a maximum elevation of 43 feet. Easte

Island, located about a mile and a half across the shallows to the east

of Sand Island is relatively flat and triangular in shape. The longest

of the three sides of the island is oriented in an east-west direction

and is about one and a half miles long.

1/-Botany Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822.



The co lle ct io n numbers ci t ed a r e those of th e catalogueds e r i a l l i s t in gs of the specimens in the herbarium of D r . Maxwell S .

Doty, Botany Department, I Jn iver s i ty of Hawaii. The ma te r ia l fromSand Is la nd ha s th e fol low ing numbers: 18725 t o 18731, and 18739

t o 18754; those specimens from Easte rn Is la nd have t he numbers:

18704 t o 18719, 18732 t o 18738, and 18754 t o 18762.

Acknowledgments

The author wishes to thank both D r . Maxwell S . Doty and

D r . Albert J. Berna towicz fo r t he i r c r i t i c a l read ing of th i s manuscriptand for a l lowing the au thor to use t he i r l i b r a r i e s dur ing the prepara t ionof t h i s f l o r a l l i s t .

CYANOPHYTA

Lyngbya majuscula Gomont, 1892: 151, p l . 3, f i g s . 3 & 4 .

Co ll ec ti on numbers 18756, 18715, 18742B, and 18754F.

Masses of long int ert win ing f i la men ts, 65 microns i n diameterwere frequent ly entangled wi th larger a lgae.

CHLOROPHYTA

Ulva sp.-Collection number 18719.

The specimens, too young f or sp ec i f ic i de nt i f ic at io n, were ovoidin shape, 1 t o 2 cm i n bre adth.

Boodlea vanbosseae Reinbold & Weber van Bosse, 1913: 70, 1 2 ;

Dawson, 1956: 29 , f i g . 6 .

Collection number 18761.This was a t hi c kl y woven mass of fi la me nt s composed of c e l l s 150

t o 175 microns wide and 2 t o 4 t imes as long. A main axis or axes couldnot be dis t inguished by the s iz e of th e f i laments: They a l l had a

uniform diameter. Frequently, the a p i c a l c e l l of the f i la ment had developed

in to a long mul t ic el lu la r rhi zoid of s lender diameter and anastomosed wi thanother f i lament through the product ion of a tenacular c e l l . The mat eri alagre es with t h a t f igu re d i n Weber van Bosse (1913).



Boodlea sp

Collection number 18755.The material was matted more or less loosely and entangled

with and connected with pieces of coral and Halimeda. Branching 'occurred a t random with l at e r al s c ut of f by a crosswal l but not

necessar i ly near the t ransverse wal l of the parent ce l l . Frequent lya l a t e r a l of indeterminate l ength was long and att enua ted and hadproduced a te rminal tenacul ar c e l l which adhered t o another f i l ament.The diameter of the major axi s near the bas al h o l d f a s t was 200 microns

and that of the secondary axes above was 150 microns.

Microd ictyon se tc he ll ia nu m Howe, 1934; Egerod, 1952: 366, p l . 3 3 ,

f i g . 6c-g.

Collection number 187190.

This loose to compact clump, 1 cm ac ro ss , was growing in t e r -

twined w i t h x a c a p i l l a c e a (187193). The diamet er of the c e l l s was450 microns with no prominent c e n t r a l axi s.

Struvea anastomosans (Harvey) P i c c . & Grun. ex Piccone, 1884a;

Egerod, 1952: 359, p l . 31, f i g. 4a-h.

Collection number 18709.This specimen was growing on a small basalt stone.

Udotea j av en si s (Montagne) A. & E. S. Gepp, 1904; Taylor , 1950: 73.

: o l l e c t i o n number 18706B.

This s mal l specimen was 3. 5 mm high from rhi zoi d t o apex witha stipe of 110 microns and with filaments of 55 microns diameter compo

ing th e monostromatic bl ad e. The bl ade had a width of 1 mm; the ind ivf i laments of the b lade were cons tr i c ted a t i r re gul ar in t er val s above , t

dichotomies. The specimen was referred to this species because g. j av

has been commonly reported from Hawaiian waters. It i s poss ibl e, howeth at the a lga might be a juveni l e s tage of a la rg er spec ies of Udotea.

Codium arabicum Kuetzing, 1856; Egerod, 1952: 382, p l . 34, b. f ig s . 11

Col le ct io n numbers 18741A and 18712B.

The th a l l i , 4 cm across, were f l at te ne d and cl os ely appressed

t o the surf ace of cor a l f ragments.



Codium e d u l e S i l v a & Egerod, 1952: 392, p l . 3 5 , b , f i g . 18.

Col lec t io n numbers 18740B, 18759B, 18741B, 18712B, 18725C,and 18733.

The s pe ci me ns a l l d i s p l a y e d t h e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c a n as t om o si n gbetween <he dichotomous branches . The lon ges t o f the s ~ e c i m e n swas 10 cm.

The branches werc f requent ly anas tomosed wi th the segments of Hal imedai n c r a s s a t a .

Codium reediae Si lva -i n Egerod , 1952: 389 , p l . 3 6 , f i g . 1 7.

Co l l ec t io n numbers 18740A, 18733A, 18725A, 18712A, and 18759A.

The co l l ec t i on inc luded specimens of 15 , 20, and 25 cm i nlen gth . The branc hing was f r e e l y d ichotomous wi th no anas tomos ing be-tween branches .

Hal imeda d is co i dea Dec aisne , 1842; H i l l i s , 1959: 352, p l . 2, f i g . 5 ;p l . 5, f i g . 1 1; p l . 6 , f i g . 11.

Collection number 18705.A s i n g l e s t e r i l e s pec ime n ab ou t 8 cm h ig h was id en t i f i ed . The

s i z e o f t h e s eg me nt s was q u i t e v a r i a b l e i n b o t h w i dt h an d l e n g t h a n dt h e y were l i g h t l y c a l c i f i e d w i t h a n av e ra ge t h i c k n e s s o f 1 t o 1 . 4 mm.The l a r g e s t segment was 2 x 1. 25 cm. Two t o 5 segments aro se from t h es p i c a l en d o f e a ch l ow er s eg me nt . I n s u r f a c e v ie w, t h e u t r i c l e s w er e

5 t o 7 s i d e s a n d a s y mm e t ri c a l ly c omp ac t w i t h no i n t e r u t r i c u l a r s p a c e s .The ou te r sur fa ce s appeared smooth wi th a d iam eter of 70 t o 100 microns .

Ifalimeda in cr as sa ta (E l l i s ) Lamouroux, 1816; H i l l i s , 1959: 365, p l . 4 :

f i g . 1-2; p l . 5 , f i g . 6 , f i g . 2 1-24.

Co l l ec t io n numbers 18707, 18747, 18738, and 18758.The c o l l e c t i o n s i n c l u d e d f r a gm e n ts of l a r g e r t h a l l i an d o ne

e n t i r e a l g a 6 cm i n h e i g h t . The se gm en ts w er e h e a v i l y c a l c i f i e d a ndof uni form s i z e and shape , 4 t o 7 mm i n wid th and 4 mm h igh . I ns u r f a c e v iew , t h e u t r i c l e s w ere r ou nd t o s l i g h t l y o v a l a nd me as ur ed1 0 t o 1 8 m i cr o ns i n d i a m e t e r . The u t r i c l e s w e re n o t a p p r e s s e d t o e a c h

o t h e r and i n t e r u t r i c u l a r s p a c e s w er e p r e s e n t . The b r a n c h i n g was d i -

and t r ichotomous and i n one p lane .



PHAEOPHYTA

Ectocarpus indicus Sonder Zo l l i nge r , 1854; Bhergesen, 1941: 16,f i g s . 6-7.

Collection number 18762.The fragmentary mate ri al was s t e r i l e but t he method of branching

was i n ~ i c a t i v eof the species . The l a t er a l s a rose f rom a ce nt ra luniser ia te f i lament with an acute adax i a l angle be tween the la tera land cen t ra l ax i s . The ce l l s i n the f i lamen ts were qu i te va r ia b le i n

length .

Sphacelar ia sp .

Collection numbers 18746, 18754D, and 18703D.

All. of the mater ia l , 8 mm high, was too young f or ce r ta in

sp ec if ic id ent i f ic a t io n . The propagules were knob-

like and measured100 microns long by 70 microns wide a t t he expanded apex, bu t i t

appeared t ha t the d iv is io ns a t th e widened por tio n were not ye t com-

p le ted . A t t h i s st age of growth, th e propagules could develop i nt oe i th e r those o f S . t r ibu lo ides o r 2. novae-hollandiae. Uni locu la r

s po r ana i a with a-diameter of 40 microns were borneon shor t ped ice l s .The segments of c e l l s composing th e veg eta tiv e axes had a lengt h and

breadth of more or less equal dimensions.

Dic tyo ta c renu la ta 3 . Agardh, 1847; B6ergesen, 1914: 56, fi g s . 36-37.

Collection number 18734.The f ragmen ta ry ma te r ia l had t he d i s t in c t smal l c renu la t ions

along the margins which suggested that the 2 cm pi ec es cou ld be

p l a c e d i n t h i s taxon.

D ic ty o t a d iv a r i c a t a Lamourow, 1809; Taylor, 1928: 120.

Collection number 18754.This si ng le specimen measured 6 cm i n l eng th, 3 mm broad a t

t h e t o r n-off base, and 10 microns wide a t the atte nuat ed t i p s . Themater ia l was f e r t i l e and bore mature sph er i ca l oogonia 6 t o 8 microns

i n diameter. These were not grouped i nt o s or i , although frequ entlyi n t r i a d s , b u t were g e n e r al l y e ve nly d i s t r i b u t e d toward t h e t i p of t h e

t h a l l u s . The reproductory st ru ct ur es were considered t o be oogonialra ther than sporangia l because of the absence of t he c la ss ic a l ' t e t r a -

spo r ic ' d iv i s ions which a re cha r ac t e r i s t i c of the spo rang ia i n th i s gen



Zonaria sp.

Collection numbers 18729, 18745, and 18716.

'The materi.al was young. In cross-section the medulla con-

sisted of one layer of large square cells. The cortex, both above

and below, was also mostly monostromatic with evidence of ensuingpericlinal divisions. On the ventral surface rhizoids were present.

RHODOPHYTA

Falkenbergia- il.lebrandii orne net) Fallcenberg, 1901; ~dergesen,

1910: 199, fig. 17; Feldmann & Feldmann, 1942: 89.

Collection number 18751.

This sterile material was epiphytic on segments of Halimeda

incrassata. Fragments of this species were also comonly found withother small epiphytes.

Asparagopsis taxiformis (Delile) Coll. & Herv., 1917; Bbergesen, 1915-1920:

352, figs. 347-351.

Collection numbers 18742 and 18714.

The specimens were 7 to 8 cm high with rhizoidal, creeping bases

attached to segments of Ilalimeda incrassata. Club-shaped spermatangial

stichidia, 700 microns long,were bx n e on lateral branchlets. These

had a basal. diameter of 74 microns and 225 microns at the apex.

Galaxaura W n d r i c a (Ell. & Soll.) Kjellmann, 1900: 64, pl. 8, figs. 34-42.


Two sterile specimens of 7 and 9 cm height were identified by

Mr. Gavino Trono, Jr., Botany Department, University of Hawaii.

Hydrolithon reinboldii (W, v-B. & Foslie) Foslie, 1909; Weber van Bosse

& Foslie, 1904: 49, fig. 21, pl. 10, fig. 1-6.


This coralline crust was growing on coral fragments. The hypo-thallial cells were 15 microns long and the perithallus xias constructed

of irregularly shaped cells. The specimens corresponded well with the

description and figures in Weber van Bosse & Foslie (1904).



Taenioma perpusillum J . Agardh, 1.863; Okamura, 1930: Ic on es 6,pl.. 264, figs. 17-19.

Collection numbers 18726, 18753, and 18750B.

This alga was commonly mixed with the other small epiphyticalga e and was ea si ly recognized by i t s d o r s i- ven t ra l hab i t , t e rm ina l

t r i c h ob l a s t s a t the ends of the e re c t axes, and the s in gle - ce l l ed

rh i zo i d a r i s i n g from a ven t r a l pe r i cen t r a l c e l l w i th no c ros sw a llsepa ra t i on . The diameter of the prostrate fi lament was 140 micronsand the rhi zo ids . 45 microns. The ma te ri al was s t e r i l e .

Herposiphonia t e n e l l a (C. Ag.) Ambronn, 1880: Bbergesen, 1918: 286,- -- - -f i g s . 287-289.

Co ll ec ti on numbers 18730, 18707, and 18754A.

The creeping, pr os t r at e por t io n of th is small epiphyte gaver i se t o e rec t b ranches 1 mm i n he igh t a t random in t e rv a l s a long the

dorsa l sur face of the pro s t r a t e f i l ament s ; r h i zo ids were cu t o f f

from the a p i c a l end of t he ven t r a l pe r i ce n t r a l ce l l s o f nea r l y everysegment. The diameter of t he p r o s t r a t e po rt io n was 125 microns and thee r e c t , 60 t o 85 micr ons . The a lg a was a common ep ip hy te among the col -l e c t i ons of l a rg e r a l gae. No f e r t i l e m a t e r i a l was found .

Pol siphonia sp.2--Co ll ec ti on numbers 18713, 18750, and 18705.

These specimens were conmonly found on coral fragments,segments of Halimeda, and mixed with ot he r smal l al g a l epi phy tes .Both the branch ing , prost rate system and the non-branching, erect

f i l am en ts had 12 t o 15 pe r i cen t r a l c e l l s . m e er ec t axes , borndorsal ly on the prost rate axes, were separated from each other by oneor more seglnents with 1x0 apparen t r egu l a r i t y . The pe r i cen t r a l ce l l s

were 50 microns long and 135 microns i n diameter . Unic el lul ar rhiz oids

wsre cut off by a c r o s swa l l and arose from the middle of t he ve nt ra lp e r ic e n tr a l c e l l s 01 t he pro s t r a t e axes. The t i ps of the rh iz o idsw&re e i t h e r s l i g h t l y b ra nc he d o r d i s c o i d . No f e r t i l e m a t e r i a l was

found.

Polysiphonia sp.-Collection number 18704A.

The e r e c t ax is , 6 mm hig h, was composed of segments of 4 p e r i -

ce nt r a l c e l l s ; each per i ce n t r a l c e l l measured 140 microns square. Therewere no pro st ra te por t ions , and the er ec t f i lame nt arose from a bas alclump of rh iz oi ds . Above one per ic en tr al c e l l i n each segment was a s c ar

ce l l . These l a t t e r ce l l s were a rr anged i n a sp i r a l i n g sequence on t he

t h a l l u s . This specimen agreed with one of D r . G . J . ~ o l l e n b e r g ' st e n t a t i v e

Spec ies , i n manuscr ipt .



Polysiphonia sp.


An e r e c t a x i s 7 mm long, wi th 4 per ic en t r al c e l l s was borne

from a t u f t of rhizo ids a t the base. The pe ri ce nt ra l ce l l s were 140

microns long and 70 microns wide. Pr os tr at e po rt io ns were not appar entTrich oblas ts were present only a t the t i ps of the branches wi th a sc arc e l l present above one pe ri ce nt ra l c e l l i n every segment and ul t imatel yar ranged in sp i r a l sequence on the tha l lus . There was l i t t l e branching

except for several major dichotomies. The material agreed with one of

D r . G . J . Hollenberg 's t en ta t i ve spec ies , i n manuscr ip t.

Laurencia obtusa (Huds.) Lamouroux var. densa Yamada, 1931: 226, p l . 17

f i g . c ; Dawson, 1954: 458, f i g . 61 H.

Collection numbers 18708 and 18732.Densely entangled mats, 3 t o 4 cm high were i de nt i f ie d. A l l axe

were approximately 1 mm i n diame ter and they were f re qu en tly anastomosewith Halimeda. The primary branches as w e l l a s t he seconda ry l a t e r a l swere g iven o f f i n s p i r a l succes s i on , t he l a t t e r were s l i gh t l y t apered

a t the bas e and were up t o 5 mm long. The co rt ic a l c e l l s were approxi-mately 30 t o 40 microns wide and 50 t o 60 microns long . The ou te r p e r i

c l i n a l wal l of th e co rt ic al ce l l s was about 10 microns thic k. Lent iculthicke nings were common i n t he medullary c e l l s . The mat eri al was s t e r i

Laurencia parvipapi l la ta Tseng. 1943b; Dawson, 1854: 458, f i g . 61g.

Collection number 187541,.

This s ma ll al ga , 1.75 cm long corresponded we ll with Dawson's

figure (1954).

Chondria ~ h e r g e s e n ,1924; Tanaka, 1963: 66, fig. 4a-d.

Collection numbers 187541: and 18749A.

This mater i a l was common on sm al l pi ec es of c o r a l and was f reque

anastomosed with fragments of Sey r i d i a and I 'aurencia. This smal l a lga

had both a pr os t r a t e por t ion and an e rec t sys tem, the l a t t e r having a

height of 4 to 5 m . The terete vegetat ive thal lus had a nearly uni formdiameter of 210 t o 250 microns. Tetra hedra l te tr as po re s 70 to 130 micr

i n diameter were sca t ter ed a t t he ends of e re ct , determinate branches.The te tr as p or an gi a l branches were broadl y cl av at e when young and becameless expanded when o l de r . These mature branches had a diameter of 720

740 microns a t t he apex and 250 microns a t the a x i l . Erect ve get at i vebranches produced secondary la t e r a l s spari ngly. In cro ss - s e c ti o n, t he

c e l l s were more o r le ss the same si ze a s the medullary c e l l s , about 100i n diameter. The specimens agre ed we ll with Tanaka's d es cr ip ti on (1963



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Bbergesen, F. 1913-1920. Marine algae of the Danish West Indies,

parts 1-11. Dansk Eotanisk Archiv. 1-9.

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Inst. Mar. Sci. 6: 321-403.

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einer Reise nach dem Pacific(H. Schauinsland 1896-7).

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Tanaka, T. 1963. Studies on some marine algae from Southern Japan.

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Weber van Bosse, A , , & M. Foslie. 1904. The Corallinaceae of the

Siboga Expedition. Siboga Expeditie. 61: 1-100.

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Bugeln 1965. Algas Hawaii Islas de Enmedio

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