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BUDGET INCREASE TO CHAD EMERGENCY OPERATION 200112

Budget revision 1

Emergency Food Assistance to Drought-Affected Population in Chad

Cost (United States dollars) Current budget Increase Revised budget

Food cost 20,740,467 15,232,849 35,973,316 External transport 6,763,534 4,153,640 10,917,174LTSH 23,064,584 15,925,439 38,990,023 ODOC 3,216,046 1,929,931 5,145,977DSC 7,373,991 5,258,995 12,632,986ISC (7%) 4,281,104 2,975,060 7,256,164Total cost to WFP 65,439,726 45,475,913 110,915,640

NATURE OF THE INCREASE 1. This budget revision to Chad emergency operation (EMOP 200112) is proposed to provide

continued assistance to 667,500 drought-affected people in 2011 and address the high malnutrition rates in the Sahelian belt of Chad.

2. Specifically, the budget revision will:

� Extend-in-time the operation from 1 January to 31 December 2011. � Increase the food in the budget by 34,989 mt, valued at US$15.2 million. � Provide the additional associated costs of US$27.3 million, consisting of external

transport, land transport storage and handling (LTSH), other direct operational costs (ODOC) and direct support costs (DSC).

� cover additional indirect support costs (ISC) of US$3.0 million.

JUSTIFICATION FOR EXTENSION-IN-TIME AND BUDGET INCREASE Summary of Existing Project Activities

3. As a result of drought in 2009, farmers in the Sahelian belt of Chad had a very poor harvest, while pastoralists have lost thousands of livestock. In response to the Government’s request for emergency assistance, WFP launched EMOP 200112 “Emergency Food Assistance to Drought-affected Population in Chad” in March 2010 as part of a multi-sectoral intervention to address the food security and nutritional crisis in the western Sahelian regions of Kanem, Bahr-El-Ghazal, Guera, Batha, Lac and Hadjer Lamis.

4. WFP planned to assist 737,000 food-insecure and vulnerable people with 47,000 mt of food between March and December 2010. In line with WFP Strategic Objective 1 “save lives and protect livelihoods in emergencies”, the overall objective of this EMOP is to improve food consumption and reduce malnutrition, as well as to protect the livelihoods and enhance the self-reliance of people living in the Sahelian belt of Chad.

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5. The specific objectives of the EMOP have been to: � Save lives of drought-affected populations through general food distributions. � Reduce the prevalence of acute malnutrition through (i) a preventive blanket

supplementary feeding for children aged 6-23 months and pregnant/lactating women and (ii) a curative targeted supplementary feeding programme for moderately malnourished children aged 6-59 months.

� Protect livelihoods and enhance self-reliance of drought-affected households through food-for-work schemes.

6. In 2010, 656,000 people1 (89 percent of the targeted beneficiaries) had received WFP

assistance through: general food distributions (GFD), blanket and targeted supplementary feeding, and food for work (FFW). The health centres network supported by WFP expanded in 2010 from 35 in March to 144 by October. Implementation of the FFW schemes in 2010 has been limited owing to the lack of partners with adequate capacity and technical skills. WFP mainly supported FFW in support the nutrition interventions, using food assistance as an incentive for community-level volunteers (among the population targeted for food assistance) to conduct nutritional screening.

Conclusion and Recommendations of the Re-Assessment

7. Chad is a least-developed, low-income food deficit country, with a population of 11.2

million.2 The country ranks 163th out of 169 in the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) 2010 Human Development Index. Eighty percent of the population depends on subsistence farming and herding livelihoods. Chad has experienced several decades of political instability due to armed conflicts within the country and along the border with Sudan.

8. The Sahelian belt is the most food-insecure part of the country, exposed to weather hazards

such as low and erratic rainfall, and floods. An estimated 5.1 million people live in the Sahelian regions, mainly pastoralists and farmers.3 The December 2009 Government and partners assessment mission estimated that 750,000 people were food-insecure in the western Sahelian belt of Chad.4 In April 2010, WFP and its partners conducted an emergency food security assessment (EFSA)5 which revealed that food security had seriously deteriorated, with almost 1.6 million people estimated to be food-insecure: 42 percent of the households were severely food-insecure, 19 percent moderately food-insecure and 39 percent food-insecure. As many as 8 out of 10 households lost cattle due to drought or animal diseases.

9. The preliminary findings of the joint food crop supply assessment mission (JFCSAM)

carried out by WFP, the Government, the Comité permanent inter-états de lutte contre la sécheresse dans le Sahel (CILSS - Permanent Interstate Committee for Drought Control in the Sahel), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Famine Early-Warning System Network (FEWS-NET) forecast a relatively good harvest for the 2010/2011 agricultural season. The Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation estimate cereal

1 Distribution figures from September 2010. 2 Institut National de la Statistique, des Études Économiques et Démographiques (INSEED): Résultats provisoires Deuxième Recensement General de la Population et de l’Habitat (RGPH2, 2009). 3 Ibid. 4 Government of Chad, FAO,WFP, FEWS-NET, « Rapport de la mission conjointe Gouvernement - Partenaires pour l’identification des Zones à Risque, le ciblage et l’évaluation des besoins des populations affectées par la mauvaise campagne agricole 2009/2010 » (N’djamena) January 2010. 5 République du Tchad: « Evaluation de la Sécurité Alimentaire des Populations Affectées par la Sécheresse dans la Bande Sahélienne Ouest du Tchad », PAM Ndjamena, May 2010.

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production for 2010/2011 at 2.6 million mt, compared to 1.5 million mt for the previous campaign, a 68 percent increase and 46 percent higher than the average of the past five years. However, some pockets of production deficit or risks zones have been identified in Guera, Batha, Hadjer Lamis, Lac, Kanem and Bahr-El-Ghazal due to the combined effects of floods and late start of the rainy season.

10. In the western Sahelian Chad, 82 percent of the households rely on the market to purchase

basic foodstuffs. In 2010, food availability has been very limited, triggering increases in price of cereals. Between January and September 2010, the price of the millet increased by 25 percent in Moussoro and 10 percent in N’djamena. In Abeche, the price of millet increased by 28 percent compared with 2009 and is 51 percent higher than the five-year average. Although prices have started decreasing with the recent harvest (between September and December), they still remain high compared to 2009 and the five-year average. Furthermore, the terms of trade have been unfavourable for the livestock owners. In Moussorro, the price of cattle has dropped by 50 percent between April and September 2010, while the price of sheep decreased by 30 percent.6 Although livestock prices have started to increase recently, this is believed to be linked to the end-of-year festivities (Feast of the Ram, Christmas and New Year).

11. FEWS-NET has warned that the food security in pastoral areas is likely to deteriorate,

mainly for the poorest pastoral households which have lost most of their livestock and have suffered from two years of successive shocks (2008/2009 and 2009/2010).6 Furthermore, due to the 2009/10 food deficit, most rural households were highly indebted even before the lean season. In March/April 2010, the EFSA indicated that approximately 56 percent of the households in western Sahelian Chad were already indebted, principally incurring debt to buy food.7 Although the harvest prospects are expected to be good in 2011, indebted households will use part of their harvest for repayments. An estimated 550,000 severely food-insecure people - who are already very sensitive to any external shock due to their low asset and livestock base, poor to limited food consumption, and common reliance on a large number of negative coping strategies - had not recovered from the 2009 drought and the 2010 floods by the end of 2010.8

12. High rates of acute malnutrition remain a major concern. In September 2010, results from nutritional surveys in July and August by the Ministry of Health, United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), WFP and the European Union (EU) in the Sahelian belt, confirmed a very high prevalence of global acute malnutrition (GAM) with rates above 15 percent, the critical threshold for emergency interventions established by the World Health Organization (WHO). The worst-affected regions were Bahr-El-Gazal, Kanem, Lac, Batha and Guera.9Regions with high GAM rates also correspond to those with critical food insecurity. WHO conducted another nutritional survey in July 2010 following an outbreak of measles in N’Djamena.10 The GAM for children under 5 was found to be high but below the critical level (13.3 percent). However, children 6-23 months were found to be much more affected by acute malnutrition with a GAM rate of 22.8 percent - well above the WHO threshold.

6 FEWS-NET, Food Security Update, October 2010. 7 République du Tchad : Evaluation de la Sécurité Alimentaire des Populations Affectées par la Sécheresse dans la Bande Sahélienne Ouest du Tchad, PAM Ndjamena, Mai 2010. 8 Such as early marriages, drop-out of school-going children, sales of productive animals and productive assets. 9 UNICEF / Ministère de la Santé – Rapport préliminaire de l’enquête nutritionnelle et de mortalité rétrospective dans six régions de la bande sahélienne au Tchad (Juillet - Août 2010). N’djamena, Août 2010. 10 Polonsky, John. Enquête nutritionnelle chez les enfants ages de 6 a 59 mois, N’djamena, Tchad, WHO/Epicentre/MSF-France. N’djamena Septembre 2010. This compares with GAM of 7.7.% and 10.8% for these two caseloads in a ACF survey conducted by ACF in end of 2008.

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TABLE 1: PREVALENCE OF ACUTE AND CHRONIC MALNUTRITION BY REGION

Regions Global Acute

Malnutrition (GAM) %

Severe Acute

Malnutrition (SAM) %

Chronic malnutrition

Mortality rate

(10,000/day)

Mortality rate -

children under 5

(10,000/day) Batha 21.0 5.1 48.7 0.46 1.18 Guera 17.5 4.7 54.1 1.03 3.18 Hadjer Lamis 15.2 3.5 37.1 0.39 1.72 Lac 21.9 6.0 51.0 0.97 2.53 Kanem (Mao district) 21.0 4.7 n.a. 0.62 1.05 Kanem (Nokou district) 27.2 6.4 n.a. 0.60 0.84 Bahr-El-Ghazal 28.1 10.4 n.a. 1.02 3.9 Ndjamena 13.3 3.3 n.a. n.a. n.a.

Sources: Ministry of Health/UNICEF/WFP/EU preliminary report of nutrition surveys carried out in 6 regions of the Sahel belt of Chad (July-August 2010), and WHO/MSF July 2010 Nutrition Survey

13. The high levels of GAM and food insecurity found in Batha, Guera, Kanem, Lac and Bahr-El-Gazal regions confirmed that continued relief assistance is required in the Sahelian belt of Chad. In order to avoid a deterioration of the food security and nutrition situation, the various assessments and surveys recommended the following interventions: � Support the most vulnerable populations of the Sahelian regions through GFD from May

to October), which covers the lean season. � Expand the implementation of the targeted supplementary feeding programme for

malnourished children 6-59 months and pregnant/lactating women to cover the N’Djamena area.

� Continue blanket supplementary feeding for children 6-23 months and lactating mothers. � Improve monitoring of the nutritional situation.

Purpose of Extension and Budget Increase 14. In order to address concerns and recommendations of the recent surveys, this budget

revision proposes to extend-in-time EMOP 200112 for 12 months from 1 January to 31 December 2011 to continue urgent assistance. This extension will also provide additional time for WFP to review its country portfolio in the context of chronically high acute malnutrition and acute food insecurity, including plans for a country programme starting in 2012 in line with the next United Nations Development Assistance Framework (UNDAF) cycle. This EMOP budget revision will allow WFP to provide continued assistance to over 667,500 drought-affected and food-insecure people through the following activities:

15. General food distributions: GFD will be implemented in 2011 targeting 550,000 severely food-insecure people among the most vulnerable households during the lean season. The results of various ongoing and planned surveys (WFP/FAO JFCSAM, WFP market analysis, EFSA, UNICEF/WFP SMART11 survey) will contribute to refine the targeting criteria to identify the most vulnerable groups, the geographical priority area, as well as the most critical period for pertinent distribution. A mixture of macro-level geographical targeting criteria (e.g. areas where GAM has deteriorated from 2010 to 2011) and micro-level socio-economic household profiling criteria (such as female-headed households, families with malnourished children) will be defined in coordination with partners and based on the results of the various assessments. Any additional requirements would be addressed through a further budget revision in 2011.

11 “Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions” (nutrition and health survey).

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16. Blanket feeding: Given the latest nutritional surveys’ results and recommendations, WFP will continue to support seasonal blanket feeding for children 6-23 months in 2011. Initially, WFP was also targeting pregnant and lactating women. However, in view of the large geographical coverage and the limited presence of partners with adequate capacity, WFP will prioritize lactating mothers of children aged 0-6 months in 2011. Beneficiaries will receive an individual ration of corn-soya blend (CSB), vegetable oil and sugar for four months during the lean season.12 Based on population figures from the 2009 census in the targeted regions, WFP intends to reach 162,500 children 6-23 months and 67,500 lactating mothers.

17. Targeted supplementary feeding: WFP will continue targeted supplementary feeding for 205,000 malnourished children under 5, and this will be expanded to cover 35,000 malnourished pregnant and lactating women. In line with the 2007 protocol from the Ministry of Health,13 beneficiaries will receive an individual ration composed of CSB, vegetable oil and sugar. Children 6-59 months will be assisted for up to 90 days; pregnant and lactating women will be supported for one year (6 months during pregnancy and 6 month during lactation). Children will be systematically screened using mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) during food distributions, and those with low MUAC referred to health centres. Planned beneficiary numbers are based on population figures and prevalence of acute malnutrition.14 In coordination with technical partners, WFP will also pilot the use of Supplementary Plumpy® (a ready-to-use supplementary food) in the treatment of moderate acute malnutrition in Chad. Some 5,000 children will receive 92g of Supplementary Plumpy® per day for an average of 75 days.

18. Food for work: WFP will focus on activities that directly improve access to food and link to early recovery efforts as seasonal and transitional safety-nets. WFP will target the most vulnerable areas and within those areas, beneficiaries will be self-targeted. It is expected that some 10 percent of the GFD beneficiaries will face food gaps beyond the lean season and that their residual food needs can be addressed through seasonal food-for-work schemes focusing on increased/improved food access. These will be implemented mainly after the rainy season at a time of low activity in the agricultural calendar (between November to March, with regional variations) and when gardens and small agriculture infrastructure need to be repaired or rebuilt. Activities will include compensation for community-level volunteers among the population targeted for food assistance to conduct nutritional screening. As partners’ implementation capacity improves, other activities linked to early recovery might be supported, such as community-based projects for increased agricultural production, community infrastructure, and, where feasible, cereal banks at community-level to improve the communities’ resilience. These will pave the way towards initiatives for disaster risk reduction in 2012.

12 UNICEF has conducted a pilot blanket feeding distribution of Plumpy’doz® in 2010, results of which are awaited. Blanket feeding ration and/or modalities might be reviewed for 2011 in consultation with UNICEF and based on the results of the UNICEF pilot. 13 Admission of malnourished children under five is weigh/height 70-80% (with those <70% referred to the therapeutic feeding programmes), Exit criteria is w/h >80-85%. Entry criteria for malnourished women is MUAC <210 mm. 14 Based on UNICEF surveys dated 2010.

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TABLE 2: BENEFICIARIES BY ACTIVITY TYPE

Activity 2010 Increase/decrease 2011

General food distribution 605,000 (55,000) 550,000

Blanket feeding - Children 6-23 months 162,500 0 162,500

Blanket feeding – Pregnant/lactating women 225,000 (157,500) 67,500

Targeted supplementary feeding - Children 6-59 months

150,500 54,500 205,000

Targeted supplementary feeding - Pregnant/lactating women

0 35,000 35,000

Food for work 110,000 (55,000) 55,000

Total * 737,000 (69,500) 667,500

*The total number of beneficiaries is adjusted to avoid double-counting of beneficiaries assisted through more than one activity.

FOOD REQUIREMENTS

19. The food rations for GFD and FFW will remain unchanged. The rations for the targeted supplementary feeding were reviewed in line with the protocol of the Ministry of Health. The blanket feeding ration was reviewed in order to be harmonised with the ration provided under the emergency operation for Sudanese refugees and Chadian internally displaced persons (IDPs) in eastern Chad (EMOP 200060).

20. While CSB++, an improved formula including dried skim milk (DSM), has the potential for improved nutrition outcomes under the blanket feeding programme, the short shelf-life presents a serious constraint in light of the logistical challenges to deliver commodities in Chad during the rainy season and the consequent long storage time under sub-optimal conditions. Therefore, WFP has opted to use CSB to ensure that commodities are distributed in good condition but will continue to review options during programme implementation.

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TABLE 3: PROPOSED MODIFIED DAILY FOOD RATION BY ACTIVITY (g/person/day)

Commodity Type

General Food Distributions

Blanket Feeding

Targeted Supplementary Feeding (TSF)

Children <5

TSF Pregnant/ Lactating Women

Food For Work

Cereals 225 450

Pulses 38 75

Vegetable Oil 13 15 20 20 25

CSB 0 208 200 200

Salt 3 5

Sugar 0 16 15 15

Supp. Plumpy® 0 92

Total 278 239 235 92 235 555

Total kcal/day 1,030 1,029 997 500 997 2,060

21. An additional 34,989 mt of food will be required for the period January-December 2011 as outlined in table 4 below.

TABLE 4: FOOD REQUIREMENTS BY ACTIVITY TYPE (mt)

Activity Current Increase Revised

General food distribution 20 147 18 312 38 459

Blanket feeding - Children 6-23 months 6 552 4 661 11 213

Blanket feeding – Pregnant/lactating women 11 340 1 936 13 276 Targeted supplementary feeding - Children 6-59 months 3 250 4 371 7 621

Targeted supplementary feeding – Pregnant/ lactating women 0 2 961 2 961

Food for work 5 495 2 748 8 243 Total 46 784 34 989 81 773

22. Implementation arrangements: Activities will be implemented in collaboration with government counterparts, United Nations agencies, international/national non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs). These include the International Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC), Médecins sans frontières (MSF) and the French Red Cross. Only when no suitable partner can be identified would WFP implement food distributions directly, as was done in 2010. Cooperating partners will support complementary activities such as the provision of tools to communities targeted for FFW, and medicines and training for government health centres. UNICEF will provide technical and financial support to the therapeutic feeding programme managed by the Government

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and NGOs. This addresses the needs of severely malnourished children through community-based therapeutic feeding (for those without complications) and facility-based therapeutic feeding (for those with complications). FAO will provide technical assistance and agricultural inputs to improve crop and livestock production, as well as infrastructure for agriculture.

23. Logistical arrangements: One key logistical constraint is the official closure to traffic of the

main access roads in Chad during the rainy season (from end-June until mid-October). Food must therefore reach the country by May in order to allow for pre-positioning of adequate stocks at all extended delivery points (EDPs). Given the lead time, immediate adequate funding is required to allow purchase and import food before the start of the rainy season.

24. WFP relies mainly on the corridor of port of Douala in Cameroon, which remains the main gateway into Chad. Since this corridor is highly utilised by both humanitarian and commercial operators between February and May, WFP is using a second corridor through Lybia to avoid bottlenecks and import food for its other Chad operations (EMOP 200060 for Sudanese refugees and Chadian internally displaced persons in eastern Chad, country programme 10478, and protracted relief and recovery operation 200059 for refugees from the Central African Republic). In 2010, WFP was able to organise, with the support of several main donors, physical swaps with consignments arriving through Douala and Libya corridors, in order to provide the urgently needed food for the drought-affected population and enable timely distributions.

25. The 2010 heavy rainfall has also caused inland transport challenges but in spite of floods and heavy rain, WFP has managed to deliver food to remote areas. Additional storage capacity was established that facilitated pre-positioning of approximately 2,000 mt of food in Batha region, an area entirely cut-off during the rainy season, enabling WFP to continue distributions during the lean season.

26. Monitoring and evaluation (M&E): The planned nutrition and food security assessments, as well as the strengthening of the existing nutrition and food security surveillance system, will contribute to the baseline information and monitoring of key food security and nutrition indicators. WFP will have the overall responsibility for programme monitoring activities.

27. WFP needs to improve the early warning and M&E systems in order to better address any

climatic or economic shocks, and respond adequately to the evolving food security situation, specifically monitoring the 2011 harvest, food use and food availability. WFP will reinforce its monitoring capacity by recruiting additional food monitors and strengthening the network of partners for the establishment of a more efficient early warning system. This will be through coordination and harmonisation of the data collection and processing tools in line with the country level monitoring and evaluation system for all WFP projects in Chad. This will contribute to a better understanding of food security level within regions, communities and households.

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RECOMMENDATION

28. The Executive Director and Director-General of FAO are requested to approve the proposed budget revision to extend EMOP 200112 “Emergency Food Assistance to Drought Affected Population in Chad” by 12 months and increase the budget by US$45.5 million (from US$65.4 million to US$110.9 million).

Approved by:

__________________________ ________________________ Josette Sheeran Jacques Diouf Executive Director, Director-General, United Nations World Food Programme Food and Agriculture Organization of

the United Nations Date: ……………………….. Date: ………………………

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ANNEX I-A

BUDGET INCREASE COST BREAKDOWN

Food15 Quantity

(mt) Value (US$)

Value (US$)

Cereals 17 077 4 418 487

Pulses 2 846 1 207 656

Oil and fats 1 984 2 395 378

Mixed and blended food 11 951 6 423 555

Others 1 132 785 772

Total food 34 989 15 232 849

Cash transfers 00 000

Voucher transfers 00 000

Subtotal food and transfers 15 232 849

External transport 4 153 640

Landside transport, storage and handling 15 925 439

Other direct operational costs 1 929 931

Direct support costs16 (see Annex I-B details) 5 258 995

Total direct project costs 42 500 853

Indirect support costs (7%) 17 2 975 060

TOTAL WFP COSTS 45 475 913

15 This is a notional food basket for budgeting and approval. The contents may vary. 16 Indicative figure for information purposes. The direct support costs allotment is reviewed annually. 17 The indirect support cost rate may be amended by the Board during the project.

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ANNEX I-B DIRECT SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS (US$)Staff and staff-related costs

International professional staff 1 414 940

Local staff - national officers 33 086

Local staff - general service 742 562

Local staff – overtime 16 800

International consultants 136 000

Local consultants 00 000

United Nations Volunteers 260 000

Staff duty travel 531 300

Subtotal 3 134 688

Recurring expenses

Rental of facility 123 750

Utilities general 336 600

Office supplies and other consumables 101 000

Communications and IT services 158 697

Equipment repair and maintenance 192 200

Vehicle running cost and maintenance 335 850

Office set-up and repairs 224 000

Subtotal 1 472 097

Equipment and capital costs

Vehicle leasing 244 800

TC/IT equipment 125 810

Local security costs 281 600

Subtotal 652 210

TOTAL DIRECT SUPPORT COSTS 5 258 995

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ANNEX II SUMMARY OF LOGICAL FRAMEWORK: CHAD EMOP Emergency Food Assistance to Drought-Affected Population in Chad

Strategic Objective 1: Save lives and protect livelihoods in emergencies

Outcome Outcome indicators Risks and Assumptions

1.1 Reduced level of acute malnutritionamong children under 5 in theSahelian belt of Chad.

1.2 Improved food consumption overassistance period of targetedhouseholds in most food-insecureregions of Chad.

• Prevalence of acute malnutrition among children under 5 in the regionsof Kanem, Bahr-el-Ghazal, Guera, Batha, Lac, and Hadjer Lamis(measured using weight for height) (target: reduced from above 20% tobelow 15% by the end of 2011).

• Prevalence of acute malnutrition among children under 5 in Ndjamenacity (measured using weight-for-height) target: (maintain below 15% bythe end of 2011).

• Recovery rate among beneficiaries of supplementary feeding (target:above 70%).

• Defaulter rate among supplementary feeding beneficiaries (target:below 15%).

• Death rate among beneficiaries of supplementary feeding (target:below 3%).

• Non-response rate among supplementary feeding beneficiaries (target:below 15%).

• Average length of stay in supplementary feeding centres (SFC)programme (target: less than 90 days).

• Percentage of households with acceptable food consumption score(target: above 60% by end of 2011).

• Percentage of beneficiaries with increased access to productive andsocial services (Wadis, schools, markets, hospitals etc.) due to food-supported wadi reclamation and road construction/rehabilitation.

• Government, other United Nationsagencies and partner organizations areable to achieve planned results.

• The political environment in Chad isstable and access to rural areas as wellas the security conditions improved.

• The decentralised services of the Ministryof Health are involved in the monitoringand evaluation of nutrition programmes.

• The decentralised services of the Ministryof Agriculture are involved in themonitoring and evaluation of FFWschemes.

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Output Output indicators Risks and Assumptions1.1.1 GFD and blanket feeding rations aretimely distributed in sufficient quantity andquality to drought-affected households intargeted regions.

1.1.2 Food is timely provided in sufficientquantity and quality to beneficiaries ofsupplementary feeding.

1.2.1 Food is distributed in sufficientquantity and quality to beneficiaries ofFFW schemes in targeted regions.

1.2.2 Increased participation andempowerment of women at communitylevel in decision making bodies.

• Actual number of beneficiaries receiving WFP food assistanceexpressed as a percentage of planned beneficiaries (by activitycategory, by age groups, and by gender).

• Actual quantity of food distributed through each activity as apercentage of planned tonnage (by commodity types).

• Number of malnourished children assisted through SFC as apercentage of planned number of beneficiaries (by sex and by agegroup).

• Actual quantity of food distributed through SFC as a percentage ofplanned tonnage by type of commodity.

• Number of SFCs jointly supported by WFP and UNICEF as apercentage of planned number of centres per region.

• Percentage of food deliveries to SFCs done on time (i.e. not later than7 days from the planned date of deliveries) target: > 90%.

• Number of participants receiving WFP food assistance through FFWschemes as a percentage of planned number of participants by agegroups and by sex.

• Quantity of food distributed through FFW as a percentage of planneddistributions by commodity types.

• Kilometres of rural roads/agricultural infrastructures built orrehabilitated.

• Area (ha) developed, protected and/or rehabilitated for agro-pastoralist• Number of trees planted for reforestation.

• Percentage of women occupying leadership positions in FoodDistribution Committees (50%).

• Other basic needs such as health,protection, etc. are provided by theGovernment, other United Nationsagencies and NGOs.

• Unexpected outbreaks ofcholera/diarrheal or other contagiousdiseases do not occur.

• Availability of qualified partners tooperate in project implementation areas.

• Timely contribution of funds andcommodities is secured.

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ANNEX III - LIST OF ACRONYMS USED IN THE DOCUMENT

CILSS Comité permanent inter états de lutte contre la sécheresse dans le Sahel CFSVA comprehensive food security and vulnerability analysis COMPAS Commodity Movement Processing and Analysis System CSB corn-soya blend DSC direct support costs EU European Union EFSA emergency food security assessment EMOP emergency operation FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FEWS-NET Famine Early Warning System Network FFW food for work GAM global acute malnutrition GFD general food distribution INSEED National institute of statistics, economic and demographic studies ISC Indirect Support Costs LTSH land transport, storage and handling M&E monitoring and evaluation MSF Medecins sans frontieres mt metric tons MUAC mid- upper arm circumference n.a. not available NGO non-governmental organization OCHA Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (United Nations) ODOC other direct operational costs PRRO protracted relief and recovery operation SAM severe acute malnutrition SFC supplementary feeding centre SMART Standardized Monitoring and Assessment of Relief and Transitions UNDAF United Nations Development Assistance Framework UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund US$ United States Dollar WFP United Nations World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization

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ANNEX IV – MAP