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Transcript of BTLEW Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer Part One ENTER.
B T L EW
Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
Part OnePart One
ENTER
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
Warm-upWarm-up
I. Money Can’t Buy Everything
II. Money Idioms
www.animationwerks.com
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
Money Can't Buy Everythingby Dennis Justin Fontaine
Some people think
being rich can buy you happiness.
Sure, it can buy you some
But, the love I have brings me more happiness
than all the money in the world could.
To be continued on the next page.
I. Money Can’t Buy I. Money Can’t Buy EverythingEverything
Enjoy the poem.
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
Money Can't Buy Everythingby Dennis Justin Fontaine
Some people think being rich makes you better than everyone.
They think they
have a place reserved in heaven.
But, that's not something I worry about
because,
with my love, I am already there.To be continued on the next page.
I.I. Money Can’t Buy Money Can’t Buy EverythingEverything
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
Money Can't Buy Everythingby
Dennis Justin Fontaine
In this world
money can get you things and it can make you happy,
but the love I share with my angel,
is more valuable than anything.
The end of Money Can’t Buy Everything.
I.I. Money Can’t Buy Money Can’t Buy EverythingEverything
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
1. Someone sold you some gold earrings under the counter. This means ____.
A. at a specially low price
B. on the black market
2. “I’m afraid we’ll all have to tighten our belts a bit.” This means ____.
A. spend less money
B. work harder to make more money
II.II. Money IdiomsMoney IdiomsQuiz
To be continued on the next page.
B. on the black market
A. spend less money
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
3. You’re finding it difficult to make ends meet. This means ____.
A. you can’t pay your debts
B. you’re always short of money
4. Which of these would you like to happen to you? Why? Why not the others? ____.
A. To find you are in the red
B. To get a sudden windfall
C. To pay through the nose for something
To be continued on the next page.
Quiz
II.II. Money IdiomsMoney Idioms
B. To get a sudden windfall
A. you can’t pay your debts
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
5. John smashed his new Porsche into a shop window. The damage came to £10,000, and his father had to foot the bill.
Who paid for the damage, John or his father?
Quiz
The end of Money Idioms.
II.II. Money IdiomsMoney Idioms
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
Part OnePart One
This is the end of Part One. Please click HOME to visit other parts.
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
Part TwoPart Two
ENTER
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
I. The US Money
II. Gypsies
III. Lifestyles in America
IV. Variety Store
V. Beauty Salon
Background Background informationinformation
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
Cash: paper currency
The US government prints money in the following denominations: $10,000; $5,000; $1,000; $500; $100; $50; $20; $10; $5 and $1.
You will never see most of these bills; twenties, tens, fives and ones are the most commonly used. You will find a picture of George Washington on the $1 bill, Abraham Lincoln on the $5, Alexander Hamilton on the $10 and Andrew Jackson on the $20. There are also pictures on the back (the White House on the $20, the Treasury Building on the $10, the Lincoln Memorial on the $5 and a big “ONE” and the American insignia on the $1.
I.I. The US Money The US Money
To be continued on the next page.
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
Money in general is referred to as: “cash”, “bucks”, “dough”, “bread”, “moolah”, “greenbacks”, etc. A one-dollar bill is most often called “a dollar”, “a single”, “a buck” or “a bill”; a five-dollar bill is “five dollars”, “a fiver”, “a five spot” or “five bucks”. A ten-dollar bill might be “a ten”, “ten bucks” or a “ten spot”.
I.I. The US MoneyThe US Money
To be continued on the next page.
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
I.I. The US MoneyThe US Money
Cash: coins
Coins come in the following denominations: $.01
or 1¢ (a penny, a cent, one cent); $.05 or 5¢ (a
nickel, five cents); $.10 or 10¢ (a dime, ten cents);
$.25 or 25¢ (a quarter, two bits, twenty-five
cents); and $.50 or 50¢ (a fifty-cent piece).
Coins are called “change”, “small change”, or
“silver” (though they aren’t made of silver
anymore). Coins are generally recognized by their
size, but somebody “goofed” on the dime, which
is smaller than either a nickel or a penny. All the
others are in size order.
To be continued on the next page.
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
I.I. The US MoneyThe US Money
The end of The US Money.
Cash: coins
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
To be continued on the next page.
Roma (people), commonly known as Gypsies, a
traditionally nomadic people found throughout the
world. While the term gypsy is often attached to
anyone leading a nomadic life, the Roma share a
common biological, cultural, and linguistic heritage
that sets them apart as a genuine ethnic group.
II.II. GypsiesGypsies
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
When they first arrived in Europe over 500 years ago, the Roma were called Gypsies in the mistaken belief that they had come from Egypt. The true origins of the Roma remained a mystery until the late 18th century, when European linguists discovered connections between the Romani language and certain dialects spoken in northwestern India. More recent linguistic and historical studies have confirmed that the Roma originated in India.
II.II. GypsiesGypsies
To be continued on the next page.
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
To be continued on the next page.
The world population of Roma is difficult to
establish with any certainty. Estimates suggest that
there are between approximately 15 and 30 million
Roma worldwide. Some 10 million Roma live in
Europe, and they make up that continent’s largest
minority population. The largest concentrations of
Roma are found in the Balkan peninsula of
southeastern Europe, in central Europe, and in
Russia and the other successor republics of the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Smaller
numbers are scattered throughout western Europe,
the Middle East, North Africa, and the Americas.
II.II. GypsiesGypsies
The Fortune Teller, Georges La Tour 1632—1635
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
II.II. GypsiesGypsies
The end of Gypsies.
The Roma are divided
into groups sometimes
referred to as nations or
tribes. These divisions
generally reflect
historical patterns of
settlement in different
geographic areas.
Although historically
renowned as wanderers,
the vast majority of
modern Roma live in
settled communities.
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
To be continued on the next page.
1. Lost Generation, group of expatriate American writers residing primarily in Paris during the 1920s and 1930s. The group never formed a cohesive literary movement, but it consisted of many influential American writers, including Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, William Carlos Williams, Thornton Wilder, Archibald MacLeish, and Hart Crane. The group was given its name by the American writer Gertrude Stein to refer to expatriate Americans bitter about their World War I experiences and disillusioned with American society. Hemingway later used the phrase as an epigraph for his novel The Sun Also Rises (1926).
III.III. Lifestyles in Lifestyles in AmericaAmerica
Ernest Hemingway
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To be continued on the next page.
III.III. Lifestyles in Lifestyles in AmericaAmerica
2. The beat generation, group of American writers of the 1950s whose writing expressed profound dissatisfaction with contemporary American society and endorsed an alternative set of values. Its best-known figures were writers Allen Ginsberg and Jack Kerouac, who met as students at Columbia University in the 1940s, and San Francisco-based poet and publisher Lawrence Ferlinghetti. Ferlinghetti’s City Lights Bookstore, in the North Beach section of San Francisco, became a center of Beat culture and remained an enduring symbol of alternative literature into the 1990s. Another center of Beat activity was New York City’s East Village, where Ginsberg made his home.
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
To be continued on the next page.
III.III. Lifestyles in Lifestyles in AmericaAmerica
3. Hippie, member of a youth movement of the late 1960s that was characterized by nonviolent anarchy, concern for the environment, and rejection of Western materialism. Also known as flower power, the hippie movement originated in San Francisco, California. The hippies formed a politically outspoken, antiwar, artistically prolific counterculture in North America and Europe. Their colorful psychedelic style was inspired by drugs such as the hallucinogen Lysergic Acid Diethylamid (LSD). This style emerged in fashion, graphic art, and music by bands such as Love, the Grateful Dead, Jefferson Airplane, and Pink Floyd.
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
4. Yuppie, a young upwardly mobile professional person. Yuppies tend to be 9-5 professional workers. Yuppies tend to value material goods (especially trendy new things). In particular this can apply to their stocks, imported automobiles, development houses, and technological gadgets, particularly cell phones. Unfortunately, the fast paced pursuit of these material goods has unintended consequences. Usually in a hurry, they seek convenience goods and services. Being "time poor", their family relations can become difficult to sustain. Maintaining their way of life is mentally exhausting. Sometimes, they will move every few years to where their job goes, straining their family. The fast-paced lifestyle has been termed a rat race.
The end of Lifestyles in America.
III.III. Lifestyles in Lifestyles in AmericaAmerica
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
It refers to a retail store that carries a large variety of usually inexpensive merchandise.
IV.IV. Variety Store Variety Store
The end of Variety Store.
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
An establishment providing women with services that
include hair treatment, manicures, and facials. Also
called beauty parlor, beauty shop.
V.V. Beauty SalonBeauty Salon
The end of Beauty Salon.
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
Part TwoPart Two
This is the end of Part Two. Please click HOME to visit other parts.
Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
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Part Part ThreeThree
ENTER
Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
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Text Text AppreciatiAppreciationon
I. Text Analysis 1. Theme2. Structure3. Further Discussion
II. Writing Devices1. Parody 2. Synecdoche 3. Comparison and Contrast
III.Sentence Paraphrase
Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
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I.I. Text AnalysisText Analysis
By describing the differences of the two sisters’ different lifestyles and experiences from childhood to old age, the author seems to suggest that an exciting life does not necessarily come together with financial security. Instead it depends totally on one’s attitude to life.
Theme of the Text
The end of Theme.
Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
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Part 1 (Para. ):
Part 2 (Paras. ):
Part 3 (Paras. ):
I.I. Text AnalysisText Analysis
Structure of the Text
2—19
20—34
The two sisters’ contrasting financial conditions in old age.
Recall on every earlier crucial stage of their lives.
Their reunion in old age and similar opinions they share on life.
The end of Structure.
1
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I.I. Text AnalysisText Analysis
To be continued on the next page.
Where does the climax of the story lie?
The reunion of the two sisters in their old age, when they, for the first time, seem to share similar opinions on life.
Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
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I.I. Text AnalysisText Analysis
To be continued on the next page.
From whose point of view is the story written, Lottie’s or Bess’s?
From Lottie’s. Much of the space is devoted to description of Lottie’s opinions, views and reflections. The reader can enter her mind and learn what goes on there. Also from this view, the reader can gain a clear clue about the differences of the two sisters’ lifestyles and experiences.
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I.I. Text AnalysisText Analysis
To be continued on the next page.
Both formal and informal expressions are used in the story. Can you tell the differences between them?
In the first half of the story and much of the second when Lottie is working wholeheartedly to prepare for her old age, the writer uses more formal words and expressions. But towards the end of the story when Lottie’s lifestyle of “all work and no play” begins to change, she speaks in a very colloquial style. He speech at the end of the story is also a good example.
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There are also many descriptions of Harry from Para.10 to Para.19. Can you draw a picture of Harry? Did Bess love him? What made it possible for him to be loved so deep?
Bess had a boy friend in the school band, who had no other ambition except to play a horn.
I.I. Text AnalysisText Analysis
To be continued on the next page.
In Para. 10
Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
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Can you make a list of words and expressions to describe the differences of the two sisters?
I.I. Text AnalysisText Analysis
To be continued on the next page.
Lottie Bess
Money never lean …
Love
Family
Living standards
Job
Experiences
Others
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I.I. Text AnalysisText AnalysisFor what purpose does the author sheda lot of ink describing how Lottie prepared everything for the welcome of Bess’s return?
•Lottie was eager to show off herself and her life.•During the process, Lottie became aware of the distance between her dream and the actual situation.•The detailed descriptions lead the reader to a well-prepared readiness to meet the surprise to be displayed by Bess’s indifference.
To be continued on the next page.
Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
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I.I. Text AnalysisText Analysis
What writing devices are used here in the two expressions? What effects do you think they have?
Zeugma, alliteration, parallelism are used here to put an emphasis on the inseparable two aspects of the same “week” and “place”.
To be continued on the next page.
…, a week of hard work and hard cash. (Para. 21)…, a place in her sister’s home and heart. (Para. 31)
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I.I. Text AnalysisText Analysis
What does “the end” imply?
Euphemism. “The end” here implies a person’s death.
To be continued on the next page.
in Para. 33
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What made young Lottie desire money so much?
What was young Lottie’s life dream?
Did Lottie ever want to get married? How come she was never tempted to settle down with a home and family?
How did Lottie come to be the owner of a house?
Is it possible for Lottie to transform into an lady over sixty to lead a life similar to her sister? Why? or why not?
I.I. Text AnalysisText Analysis
Further Discussion About the Text
To be continued on the next page.
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What might be young Bess’s life ambition?
Did Bess go to college ever? Why or why not?
What kind of man did she marry? What was their marriage life probably like?
Why was Bess and her husband like gypsies? Was it out of necessity or out of choice?
Was it possible for Bess to live peacefully with her sister together till the end of their life? Why or why not?
I.I. Text AnalysisText Analysis
Further Discussion About the Text
The end of Further Discussion.
Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
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II.II. Writing Writing DevicesDevices
A job in hand was worth two in the future. (Para. 9)
Parody
To be continued on the next page.
What effect do you think it
has here?
A bird in hand is worth two in the woods.
(saying)
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II.II. Writing Writing DevicesDevices
Parody has come to be applied also to the comic imitation of history, fiction, scientific writing, or any other prose. The essence of parody is the treatment of a light theme in the style appropriate to a serious work.
The humor lies in the contrast between subject matter and the treatment of it.
In parody, the theme and the characters are greatly modified or completely changed, but the style of the original is closely followed in those peculiarities that easily lend themselves to ridicule.
More Examples
To be continued on the next page.
Parody
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II.II. Writing Writing DevicesDevices
1. Familiarity breeds contempt. (old saying )
Parody: more examples
To be continued on the next page.
Quality breeds success. (ad for Ford )
2. Necessity is the mother of invention. (from Aesop’s Fable)
Failure is the mother of success.
Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
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II.II. Writing Writing DevicesDevices
3. Twinkle, twinkle, little star,How I wonder what you’re!Up above the world so high, Like a diamond in the sky.
(The Star by Jane Taylor)
Twinkle, twinkle, little bat,How I wonder what you’re at!Up above the world you flyLike a teatray in the sky.
(from Alice in Wonderland by Lewis Carrol)
Parody: more examples
The end of Parody.
Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
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II.II. Writing Writing DevicesDevices
That Lottie had a doorstep was only because her boss… (Para. 14)
Synecdoche: figurative locution whereby the part is made to stand for the whole, the whole for a part, the species for the genus, and vice versa
Synecdoche
To be continued on the next page.
What effect do you
think it has here?
a house
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II.II. Writing Writing DevicesDevices
Synecdoche
To be continued on the next page.
Thus, in the phrase “50 head of cattle”, ”head” is used to mean whole animals, and in the sentence “The presidents’ administration contained the best brains in the country”, “brains” is used for intellectually brilliant persons.
More Examples
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II.II. Writing Writing DevicesDevices
•wheels car (infml.)•engine locomotive (a vehicle that pulls a train)•mind an intelligent person•hand a person who does physical work•big mouth a person who talks too much or
too loudly; someone who tells secrets•loud mouth a person who talks too much or too loudly
Synecdoche
The end of Synecdoche.
Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
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II.II. Writing Writing DevicesDevicesComparison and Contrast
To be continued on the next page.
What is a comparison/contrast essay?
To compare is to explain the similarities between things; to contrast is to describe their differences. These are two sides of a single coin. Comparison and contrast both emphasize apparent traits, seeing that which is similar and different. Some argue that the essential nature of human thought itself is the process of recognizing similarities and differences between phenomena (Lakoff and Johnson, Metaphors We Live By). Undoubtedly, comparison and contrast is an essential feature of many rhetorical modes, allowing us to describe things, to define things, to analyze things, to make an argument—to do, in fact, almost any kind of writing.
Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
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II.II. Writing Writing DevicesDevices
Comparison and Contrast
To be continued on the next page.
Follow these steps when writing a comparison/contrast essay:
1. Identify similarities and differences. If you have two items to compare or contrast, determine how they are similar and how they are different. You should find at least three points for comparison or contrast. Then write the detailed characteristics for each point.
2. State your purpose in the thesis sentence. Identify the two subjects that you will compare or contrast and state whether you will focus on similarities, differences, or both. The thesis may also indicate which points you will compare or contrast.
Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
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II.II. Writing Writing DevicesDevicesComparison and Contrast
To be continued on the next page.
Follow these steps when writing a comparison/contrast essay:
3. Choose a pattern to organize your essay. The two major patterns for organizing a comparison/contrast essay are
Subject by Subject (Whole-to-Whole). Write first about one of your subjects, covering it completely, and then you write about the other, covering it completely. Each subject is addressed in a separate paragraph. The points of comparison or contrast should be the same for each subject and should be presented in the same order.
Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
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II.II. Writing Writing DevicesDevices
Comparison and Contrast
To be continued on the next page.
Follow these steps when writing a comparison/contrast essay:
A list of transitions follows:
For comparison: like, same, both, the same as, similar, in the same way, most important, similarly, as, too, have in common, as well as
For contrast: although, however, differ, unlike, even though, yet, but, instead, on the contrary, on the other hand, whereas, while, unless, contrary to, the reverse
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II.II. Writing Writing DevicesDevices
Comparison and Contrast
To be continued on the next page.
Follow these steps when writing a comparison/contrast essay:
Point by Point. Each point is addressed in a separate paragraph. Discuss both of your subjects together for each point of comparison and contrast. Maintain consistency by discussing the same subject first for each point.
4. Use appropriate transitions. Transitions are important in comparison/contrast writing, especially with the point by point organization, to avoid confusion. Without transitions, the points you are comparing/contrasting may blur into one another. Also, a variety of transitions prevent monotony.
Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
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II.II. Writing Writing DevicesDevices
Comparison and Contrast
To be continued on the next page.
Follow these steps when writing a comparison/contrast essay:
To evaluate the effectiveness of a comparison/ contrast essay, ask the following:
Is the essay balanced? The most common error in a comparison/contrast essay is spending too much time on one subject and too little on the other. Make sure the essay equally and thoroughly covers both subjects.
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II.II. Writing Writing DevicesDevices
The story is a good example of comparison and
contrast. The point-by-point method of organization is
employed.
• Financial conditions in old age: Lottie’s Bess’s
• Earlier crucial life stages: Lottie’s Bess’s
• Reunion: to share similar opinions on life
Comparison and Contrast
The device used in the story.
The end of Comparison and Contrast.
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III.III. Sentence Sentence Paraphrase 1Paraphrase 1
Over the years Bess had lived each day as
if there were no other. (Para. 1)
Over the years in spite of her sister’s urge to prepare for her old age, Bess seized every minute to enjoy herself as if she would die the next day.
subjunctive mood
go to 2
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III.III. Sentence Sentence Paraphrase 2Paraphrase 2
Lottie had a bank account that had never grown lean. (Para. 1)
small in amount or quality
go to 3
Lottie always had quite a sum of money deposited in the bank.
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III.III. Sentence Sentence Paraphrase 3Paraphrase 3
When the dimes began to add up to dollars, she lost her taste for sweets. (Para. 4)
When her savings grew considerably, she was too old to want candy any more.
go to 4
to make a total amount of
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III.III. Sentence Sentence Paraphrase 4Paraphrase 4
But her freshman year found her unable to
indulge this fantasy, … (Para. 6)
to allow oneself/sb. to have whatever one likes or wants
But in her first year at high school, she found that she couldn’t allow herself to spend her money on clothes.
go to 5
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III.III. Sentence Sentence Paraphrase 5Paraphrase 5
She made her choice easily. A job in hand was worth two in the future. (Para. 9)
She made her choice without the slightest hesitation. To have a promising job now was surely far more worthwhile than college.
go to 6
parody
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III.III. Sentence Sentence Paraphrase 6Paraphrase 6
Two or three times she was halfway
persuaded, but to give up a job that paid well
for a homemaking job that paid nothing was a
risk she was incapable of taking. (Para. 11)
Two or three times, urged by others, she thought seriously about marrying, but she didn’t because that would mean she had to give up a well-paying job and become a housewife/homemaker who didn’t get paid or all the work she did. This was something she couldn’t make herself accepted.
go to 7
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Bess felt sorry that she had no children. She was not sensible and practical enough to know that with children, their conditions would have been worse still.
III.III. Sentence Sentence Paraphrase 7Paraphrase 7
Bess grieved because she had no child, not having sense enough to know she was better off without them. (Para. 13)
go to 8
to be happier without
to feel extremely sad
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III.III. Sentence Sentence Paraphrase 8Paraphrase 8
Very likely she would have dumped them on
Lottie’s doorstep. (Para. 13)
to leave or abandon
If she had had children, she would very probably have left them with Lottie.
go to 9
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III.III. Sentence Sentence Paraphrase 9Paraphrase 9
The years, after forty, began to race.
(Para. 17)
After one reached forty, one grew old
rapidly.
go to 10
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III.III. Sentence Sentence Paraphrase 10Paraphrase 10
Lottie, trapped by the blood tie, knew she would have to send Bess money to bring her home. (Para. 20)
Though she always disproved of Bess’s way of
life, she was well aware that as sisters they
were closely related. She knew that she would
have to help her out by sending money for her
journey home. go to 11
family relationshipcaught
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III.III. Sentence Sentence Paraphrase 11Paraphrase 11
She was having more fun than she had
ever had in her life. She was living each
hour for itself. (Para. 24)
Now she was working for fun not for money. For the first time she was doing something to prepare for her old age, not just to pass the time, etc.
go to 12
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III.III. Sentence Sentence Paraphrase 12Paraphrase 12
Her heart raced, and she wondered if the heat from the oven was responsible. (Para. 27)
Her heart beat fast and she was not sure whether the heat from the oven caused that.
go to 13
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III.III. Sentence Sentence Paraphrase 13Paraphrase 13
Stiffly she suffered Bess’s embrace, her heart racing harder, her eyes suddenly smarting from the onrush of cold air. (Para. 28)
She accepted Bess’s warm hug in a formal way. Her heart beat faster and a gust of cold wind stung her eyes.
go to 14
hurt with stinging painunfriendly or very formally
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III.III. Sentence Sentence Paraphrase 14Paraphrase 14
Tomorrow she would see the room as it really looked, and Lottie as she really looked, and the warmed-over turkey in its second-day glory. (Para. 31)
reheatedLottie thought that tomorrow Bess would notice
how nice the room was, how smart she looked and how inviting the big turkey was when the remaining part was warmed over and put on the table again. go to 15
exaggeration
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III.III. Sentence Sentence Paraphrase 15Paraphrase 15
She said, “That’s enough about me. How have the years used you?” (Para. 32)
to treat sb. in a stated way
She said, “I’ve talked enough about myself. How have you been over the years?”
go to 16
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III.III. Sentence Sentence Paraphrase 16Paraphrase 16
That’s my life story, a life never lived. Now it’s too near the end to try. (Para. 33)
That’s what I’ve done. I’ve never had the joys, or the sorrows, that life offers. It’s just an existence, not a life. Now I’m too old to learn how to live.
go to 17
euphemismpast
participle
Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
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III.III. Sentence Sentence Paraphrase 17Paraphrase 17
Don’t count the years that left us. At our time of life it’s the days that count. (Para. 34)
to figure
Don’t try to figure out how many years we are going to live. At our age, we must live in terms of days, not years, and spend each day joyfully.
emphatic
sentence
The end of Sentence Paraphrase.
Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
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Part Part ThreeThree
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
Part FourPart Four
ENTER
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
I. Word Study
II. Phrases and Expressions
III.Word Building
IV. Grammar
Language Language StudyStudy
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
I.I. Word StudyWord Study
Word list:
1. ambition
2. conscience
3. dump
4. errand
5. expand
11. sentimental
12. threadbare
13. transform
14. urge
15. worldly
6. indulge
7. lean
8. lumpy
9. miserly
10.onrush
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study1. ambition
n. a. strong desire, esp. over a long period, for success, power, wealth, etc.
b. sth. that is desired in this way
Examples:She’s clever but she lacks ambition.He has at last achieved his lifetime ambition of launching a newspaper.
ambitious a.an ambitious politicianWe cooked nothing more ambitious than boiled eggs.
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study2. conscience
n. person’s awareness of right and wrong with regard to his own thoughts and action
a. conscientious
Word Formation
Examples:have a clear/guilty conscience He has several murders on his conscience ( 受到良心的谴责 ). You cannot in all conscience ( 的确,凭良心 ) regard that as fair pay.
cf.
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
cf.
a conscientious worker
a conscientious attitudestream of consciousness
This essay is a most conscientious piece of work.
Are you conscious of how people will regard such behavior?
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
I.I. Word StudyWord Study
3. dump
v. a. to put (sth. unwanted) in a place and leave as rubbish
b. to put (sth.) down carelessly, heavily or in a mass
c. to leave or abandon (sb.)d. to sell abroad at a very low price
Examples
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
I.I. Word StudyWord Study
Examples:
He dumped his wife and went with another girl.
The government declared that it did not dump
radioactive waste at sea.
It produces more than it needs, then dumps its
surplus onto the world market.
Just dump things over there—I’ll sort it out
later.
Decide whether the meaning of “dump” is “a”, “b”, “c” or “d”.
c
a
d
b
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
Examples:Run an errand for me, will you? Go find Roger for me.He was tired of running errands for his sister.an errand of mercy 雪中送炭a fool’s errand 徒劳无功的差事
I.I. Word StudyWord Study 4. errand
n. short journey to take a message, get or deliver goods, etc.
If you run errand for sb., you do or get sth. for them, usually be making a short trip somewhere.
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长度、面积或体积等方面的扩张、膨胀,多含有 朝四面八方扩展或延伸之义
Examples:He breathed deeply and expanded his chest.He expanded his operation to include all aspects of the clothing industry.
I.I. Word StudyWord Study
5. expand cf.
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
I.I. Word StudyWord Studycf.extend 表示时间、空间或土地等方面的纵向扩展或延续The cold weather extended into March. The railway has been extended to the next town.
spread 多指事物在时间、距离或面积上的扩大或延伸The various dealers’ prices show a wide spread.There is a tree with a spread of 100 feet.
stretch 可指身体上的伸展, 也可指长度或广度上的增长性、 伸缩性There is not much stretch in this collar; I can hardly get it over my head. She got out of bed and had a very good stretch.
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study6. indulge v. to allow oneself/sb. to have whatever one likes or wants
Examples:I’m really going to indulge myself tonight with a bottle of champagne. indulge in a long hot bathI shall forget about dieting today. I’m just going to indulge, i.e. eat and drink what I like.
a. indulgent
n. indulgence
Word Formation
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
a. a. without much flesh; thin and healthy
b. containing no or little fat c. small in amount or quantity;
not productive
I.I. Word StudyWord Study7. lean thin
scant
sparemeager
Synonyms
a lean body lean beef lean meat a lean diet a lean harvest a lean year a lean season for good films cf.
a ladder leaning against the wall
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
8. lumpy
a. full of lumps; covered in lumps
Examples:lumpy gravy 有颗粒的肉汁a lumpy mattress 有疙瘩的褥垫a sugar lumpbreak a piece of coal into small lumpsa nasty lump on her neckhave a lump in one’s throat
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study9. miserly
a. a miserly person is one who hates spending money
Example:
a miserly attitudemiser n.
A typical miser, he hid his money in the house in various places.
cf.They endured hours of backbreaking work in miserable conditions.
generous
Antonym
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study10. onrush
n. a strong movement forwardan onrush of cold air
cf.an oncoming event a. comingan ongoing program of research
a. continuing to exist or progressan onshore breeze
a. blowing from the sea towards the
landan onslaught on government housing
policiesn. fierce attack
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study11. sentimental
Examples:The necklace was a present from my mother and has sentimental value.I enjoyed this movie but the ending was too sentimental.
cf.a sensational murder trial
a. a. showing or based on tender feelings rather than reasonable or practical judgments
b. showing too much of such feelings, esp. of a weak or insincere kind
emotional
tender
affectionate
Synonyms
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study12. threadbare
a. worn thin; shabbyExamples:
a threadbare carpeta threadbare joke
cf.
bare- without the usual covering or protection
bareback a. ad. on a horse without a saddle
barefaced a. shamelessbarefoot(ed) a. ad. without shoes or stockings
bareheaded a. ad. not wearing a hat
barelegged a. ad. wearing nothing on one’s legs
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study
13. transformv. to completely change the appearance,
form, or character of sth. or sb., esp. in a way that improves itExamples:
A steam engine transforms heat into power.
Put yourself in the hands of our experts, who will
transform your hair and makeup.
transformation n.
In recent years his ideas have undergone a
complete transformation.
change
convertalter
Synonyms
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I.I. Word StudyWord Study14. urge
v. a. to try very hard to persuadeb. to suggest very strongly; draw attention
to the importance of or need forc. to drive or force (forward)
Examples:
They urged us to give our support.
They urged on us the need for cooperation.
He urged the horses on with a whip.
urgent a. urgency n.
in urgent need of medical attention
a matter of great urgency
Synonyms
force
drive
spurprompt
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a. a. material; not spiritual b. sophisticated; practical
I.I. Word StudyWord Study15. worldly
worldly concerns
worldly distractions
a worldly person
words of worldly wisdom
世俗的心思 世俗的乐趣 老成持重的人 人生的经验之谈
The end of Word Study.
I think it is time you woke up and focused
your thoughts on more worldly matters.
He was different from anyone I had known,
very worldly, very sophisticated.
Synonym
earthly
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List:
1. add up to
2. be better off without
3. be through
4. go to ruin
5. hard cash
6. kick up one’s heels
7. make no mention of
8. put/set/turn one’s mind to sth.
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
to amount to
Examples:
The company’s profits last year added up to $50 million.With a meal included in the cost of the ticket, it all adds up to a really good evening’s entertainment.
cf.Add your scores up and we’ll see who won.
Our explanation seemed only to add to his
bewilderment.
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
1. add up to
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
2. be better off withoutto be happier without sb./sth.
Example:
We’d be better off without them as neighbors.cf.
He’d be better off going to the police about it. (be wiser)better late than neverbetter safe than sorry
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3. be through
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
a. to have finished doing sth., using sth., etc.
b. to be no longer having a relationship with sb. or sth.Examples:
I’m not through just yet; I should be finished in an hour.
I am through with Jane/alcohol.
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
to become damaged or destroyed because no one is taking care of it
Examples:
It is his brother who had let the farm go to ruin.
The ancient temple had fallen into ruin.
4. go to ruin = fall into ruin
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
“ruin” phrases
To be continued on the next page.
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II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
be on the road to ruin
be on the brink of ruin
in ruin
go to rack and ruin
正在走向毁灭 濒临破产、垮台 破败不堪 逐渐破损毁坏
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money in the form of notes and coins as opposed to a cheque or a credit cardcf.A hard currency is one that is unlikely to loseits value and so is considered to be a good oneto have or to invest in.
The government is running short of hard currency to pay for imports.
5. hard cash
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
“hard” phrases
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
cf.
a hardback/hardcover book
a hard-headed realist
a hard-hearted woman
hard labor
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
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to be relaxed and enjoy oneself
Example: She’s a workaholic and doesn’t know how
to kick up her heels. cf. kick one’s heels (to have nothing to do while waiting for sb./sth.)
We’re just kicking our heels until the next semester begins.
6. kick up one’s heels
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
not to say anything about
Examples:
He made no mention of having seen her.
He made no mention of his wife’s illness
to me.
7. make no mention of
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
“mention” phrases
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
cf.
Don’t mention it.
They already take pension and
social security payments off my
pay, not to mention state taxes.
Let’s meet the above-mentioned
heroes.
II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
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II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
8. put/set/turn one’s mind to sth.
to give all one’s attention to
Examples:
It won’t take long to sort it out once you
put your mind to it.
Let’s now turn our minds to tomorrow’s
meeting.
“mind” phrases
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II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions
The end of Phrases and Expressions.
cf. keep one’s mind on sth.:
to continue to pay attention to give one’s mind to sth.:
to concentrate on or give all one’s attention to
have sth. on one’s mind: to worry about sth.
bear/keep sth./sb. in mind:to remember sth./sb.
bend one’s mind to sth.: to direct one’s thoughts to sth.
bring/call sb./sth. to mind: to recall sb./sth. to one’s memory
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III.III. Word BuildingWord Building
List:
1. Prefix—em
2. Root—form
3. Suffix—ish
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em-: the form used for en-before b, m or p
embraceembrace
prefix
III.III. Word BuildingWord Building
embarkembedembellishempower
乘船,搭载埋入,深留装饰,布置授权给,使能
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III.III. Word BuildingWord Building
transform transform root
form: shape
informal
formula
deformity
information
performance
reform
uniformity
非正式的
客套语
畸形,残疾
情报,资讯
履行,表演
改革,改善
一律,相同
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lavish lavish
III.III. Word BuildingWord Building
-ish: to do
banish
cherish
diminish
embellish
flourish
furnish
garnish
放逐
珍爱,珍惜
减少 ; 缩小
修饰,润色
繁茂 ; 盛行
供给,陈设
加装饰 ; 在食物中
加调味料
suffix
The end of Word Building.
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IV.IV. GrammarGrammar
Purpose AdverbialPurpose Adverbial
Purpose is expressed by the infinitive:
1. The infinitive alone
2. In order/ so as + infinitive
3. Infinitive + noun + preposition
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Examples
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
1. They stopped to ask the way.
2. She gave up work in order to have more time with the children.
3. She learnt typing in order to help her husband with his work.
4. I need a corkscrew to open this bottle with.
IV.IV. GrammarGrammar
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Purpose AdverbialPurpose Adverbial
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IV.IV. GrammarGrammar
To be continued on the next page.
Purpose AdverbialPurpose Adverbial
Clauses of purpose:
1. so that + will/would or can/could + infinitive
2. so that/ in order that + may/might or shall/should + infinitive
Examples
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1. Ship lifeboats so that the crew can escape if the ship sinks.
2. These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely.
3. Criminals usually telephone from public telephone boxes so that the police won’t be able to trace the call.
IV.IV. GrammarGrammar
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Purpose AdverbialPurpose Adverbial
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IV.IV. GrammarGrammar
To be continued on the next page.
Purpose AdverbialPurpose Adverbial
in case and lest:
1. I’ll make a cake in case someone drops in at the weekend.
2. I carry a spare wheel in case I have/should have a puncture.
3. I always kept candles in the house in case there was a power cut.
4. He doesn’t/didn’t dare to leave the house lest someone should recognize him.
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... Bess was still waiting for Harry to earn
enough to buy a marriage license. (10)
the infinitive
IV.IV. GrammarGrammar
To be continued on the next page.
She made several attempts to find other
employment, but nobody would hire her. (18)
the infinitive
Find more examples in the text.
Purpose AdverbialPurpose Adverbial
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She thought she lived frugally in her
middle years so that she could live in
comfort when she most needed peace of
mind. (16)
purpose clause
IV.IV. GrammarGrammarPurpose AdverbialPurpose Adverbial
The end of Grammar.
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Lesson 10—The Richer, the Poorer
Part FourPart Four
This is the end of Part Four. Please click HOME to visit other parts.
The Richer, the PoorerThe Richer, the Poorer
Exe. 4
• 1) are better off • 2) had put your mind
to • 3) go about • 4) added up to • 5) save for • 6) marveled at
• 7) above all • 8) by comparison • 9) have anything to
do with • 10) adds up to • 11) go about
Exe.5
• 1) keep her on • 2) keep on • 3) keep AIDS from • 4) Keep out of it
• 5) keep it up/keep at it • 6) keep off • 7) keep up with
Exe.6
• 1) terms • 2) attention • 3) business • 4) children
• 5) his anger, her attempts
• 6) the furniture • 7) errands • 8) her embrace, humil
iation
Exe.7
• 1) race 比赛• 2) hard on sb. 对某人
过于为难• 3) hard cash 现金• 4) hard 很难的; ter
ms 条件• 5) passage 行程;航
程;旅费
• 6) passage 通道• 7) passage 文章的一
段• 8) race 种族• 9) race 跑步比赛
Exe.9
• 1) I think you'll have to depend on your own efforts to overcome the difficulties.
• 2) We have arranged for you to speak to university students during your visit.
• 3) The conference called on us to pay special attention to the growing gap between the rich and the poor.
• 4) The students appealed to the school authorities to improve their living conditions.
• 5) You can rely on her to find the best solution. • 6) More and more people are pleading with their
government to stop the bombing.
Exe. 10
• (1) older/elder • (2) took • (3) second • (4) felt • (5) once • (6) have • (7) started/began
• (8) To • (9) stay/live • (10) job • (11) agreed • (12) first • (13) for
Exe. 10
• (14) family • (15) the• (16) before • (17) By • (18) because • (19) US • (20) much
• (21) point • (22) American • (23) retain/keep • (24) birth • (25) does • (26) China
Exe.2
• 1) ever • 2) constantly • 3) always • 4) usually • 5) all the time
• 6) normally • 7) seldom • 8) frequently • 9) Occasionally • 10) never
Exe. 3 2)
• (1) for pleasure, not for money
• (2) To stay alive
• (3) to relax a bit
• (4) so as to have trees around them instead of buildings
• (5) so that children can understand
• (6) so as not to disturb other guests
Exe. 3 2)
• (7) so as not to be recognized
• (8) In order not to put on weight
• (9) To avoid any mistake
• (10) in order that you can make your arrangements
• (11) for their child to go to college
• (12) for every student to finish the exam
Exe. 4
• 1) that or / • 2) Whatever • 3) what • 4) unless • 5) before • 6) While • 7) as
• 8) As long as • 9) what • 10) where • 11) where • 12) until • 13) as if • 14) so that
Exe. 5
• 1) by • 2) by, from • 3) with, since, in • 4) from, without, out
of, with/of
• 5) In, In, for, like • 6) for, with, at, into • 7) about, as, about • 8) in, by, Because of,
for, for
Exe. 6
• 1) The man who came to see Xiao Liu yesterday is his cousin.
• 2) In those days, the man was happier than he had ever been in his life.
• 3) The farmers didn't stop working until darkness fell. Or; The farmers worked until darkness fell.
• 4) I'm not going to the grocery store today unless you want some milk or something.
• Or: I'll go to/am going to the grocery store today if you want some milk or something.
• 5) The family are constantly complaining about one another.
Exe. 6
• 6) Is there any place nearby -where/in -which I can get my laptop fixed quickly?
• 7) When questioning the driver who caused the accident, the police was quite sure that the driver wasn't telling the truth.
• 8) Even if I had the money, I wouldn't buy such an expensive thing.
• 9) Seeing is believing. • 10) It is important for college freshmen to plan
their time so that they don't waste it.