Bt 1 Paint - Revised

7/29/2019 Bt 1 Paint - Revised

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DIFFERENT PAINTS

AND

COATING

PRODUCTSCONCRETE AND MIXTURES

Delgado, John Paul / Delos Santos Ervie Jane

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 / 10:00 11:00


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PRINCIPAL TYPES OF COATING

*PAINTS [opaque , for wood,concrete, masonry, ficem fiber-

cement boards/drywall(hardiflex), and metal ]

A solution of a pigment in water, oil, or

organic solvent, used to cover wood or

metal articles either for protection or for

appearance.

*STAINS (clear, for bringingout/enhancing natural wood

grains)

A solution of dye or suspension of pigment

in a vehicle, applied to penetrate and color

a wood surface without obscuring the

grain. Penetrating stain permeate a wood

surface, leaving a very thin film on the

surface.

*VARNISHES

(clear/translucent, for wood)

a liquid preparation of a resin dissolved in

an oil or in alcohol that when spread and

allowed to dry forms a hard, lustrous andtransparent coating. Oil based are oil

varnish while alcohol based are spirit stain.

CONCRETE AND MIXTURESDelgado, John Paul / Delos Santos Ervie Jane



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An economic method of

surface protection and

preservation to buildingmaterials and components.

An economic method ofsurface decoration to

building materials and

components

FUNCTION

AND

PURPOSE




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Architectural Paints

are air-drying materials applied by brush or

spray to architectural and structural

surfaces and forms for decorative and

protective purposes

Commercial Paints

air-drying or baking-cured materials applied

by brush, spray, or magnetic agglomeration

to kitchen and laundry appliances,automobile, machinery, and furniture and

used as highway marking materials

Industrial Paints

subdivided by their intended service:

corrosion-resistant coatings, hightemperature coatings, and coatings for

immersion service

CLASSIFICATION

OF

PAINTS


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Pigment

gives the paint a colour, but also plays a role in its

consistency, ease of application, drying ability,

durability and hardness

Varnish no pigmentVehicle

a liquid in which pigment is dispersed before being

applied to a surface in order to control consistency,

adhesion, gloss and durability.

Binder

binder makes the coat of paint retain its structure, and

binds it to the surface to which it is applied

Stain no binder Solventsolvent dissolves the paint to make it usable at normal

room temperatures

COMPOSITION

OF

PAINTS


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Primers/Base coats

are basecoats applied to a surface to improve

the adhesion of subsequent coats of paint or

varnish

Sealers are basecoats applied to a surface toreduce absorption of subsequent coats of paint

or varnish, or to prevent bleeding through the

finish coat. One example of sealer is the

EMULSION.

Oil Paints utilize a drying oil that oxidizes andhardens to form a tough elastic film whenexposed to thin layer of air.

Alkyd Paints have as a binder an alkyd resin,such as chemically modified soy or linseed oil.

Latex Paints have as a binder an acrylic resin thatcoalesces as water evaporates from theemulsion.

TYPES

OF

PAINT


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Epoxy Paints have an epoxy resin as a binder forincreased resistance to corrosion, abrasion andchemicals.

Rust Inhibiting Paints& Primers are esp.formulated with anti-corrosive pigments toprevent /reduce the corrosion of metal surfaces.

Fire Retardant Paints are especially formulated

with silicone and polyvinyl chloride or othersubstance to reduce the flame spread of acombustible material.

Heat Resistant Paints are specially formulated w/silicone resins to withstand high temperatures

Intumescent Coatings, when exposed to the heatof a fire, swell to form a thick insulating layer ofinert foam that retards flame spread andcombustion

TYPES

OF

PAINT


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Pigmented Stain

Or opaque stain is an oil stain containing pigments

capable of obscuring the grain and texture of a

wood surface

Oil Stain

Made by dissolving dye or suspending pigment in

a drying oil or oil varnish vehicle.

Water StainA penetrating stain made by dissolving dye in a

water vehicle.

Spirit Stain

A penetrating stain made by dissolving dye in an

alcohol or spirit vehicle.

TYPES

OF

STAIN




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Spar

Marine varnish is a durable, weather resistant

varnish made from durable resins and linseed or

tung oil.

Polyurethane

Varnish of exceptionally hard, abrasion resistant

and chemical resistant clear varnish made from

plastic resin of the same name.

Lacquer

Refers to any of various clear or coloredsynthetic coatings consisting of nitrocellulose orother cellulose derivative dissolved in a solventthat dries by evaporation to form a high glossfilm.

Shellac

Spirit varnish made by dissolving purified lacflakes in denatured alcohol.

TYPES

OF

VARNISHES


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PAINT PRODUCTS


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Latex Paint

Made from a water- soluble basewhich used for exterior or interioruse such as concrete,stucco,bricks,hollow blocks,drywall surfaces.

It can be mixed with water andequipment or spills and can be

cleaned up simply with soapy water It is non-toxic and has less odor than

other paints, such as oil based paint.

It is more environmentally friendlythan any other types of paint and maybe disposed as a regular waste.

16-liter; 4-liter and 1-liter cans (whiteonly)

Surface dry: 30 minutes and drythrough 2 hours.

Different Paints and Coating Products

Reported by:Luis de Jesus and Kevin Clarke A.Diaz

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1/8:00-9:00 AM


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Enamel Paint

oil-based covering productsand that dries to a verydurable and hard finish.

It is used in outdoors andused to paint doors, stairs,chairs.

General term refers only toa hardness of a finish and itcan apply to both oil andwater-based paints.

16-liter (white only), 4-liter,1-liter and -liter can





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Categories of Enamel Paint

Porch and Floor enamel

used for concrete, stairs,basements, porches andpatios.

-not for use on exterior wood

decks, garage floors orparking areas

-it has maximum enduranceand durability for both exteriorand interior applications

-it produces a flawless finishwith no brush or drag marks





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Fast-dry or Quick-Drying

enamel paint

-can dry within 10-15 minutes.

-Used to paint refrigerators,

counters, and other industrialfinishes.

-it is created to give a tough,

durable, beautiful and high build

material on wood and metal.

-has high gloss level, leads to anexcellent, long lasting finished

appearance.






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High-temp enamel paint-applies to wood burning stoves,

radiators, engines, BBQ grills,breaks, or other metal items

-fast drying. Dry to touch in 30minutes. Dries thoroughly overnight.

-provides rust protection-can withstand corrosion, rust,

chemicals and additives of todaysgasoline blends and degreasers.

-has rich, flat, satin, gloss and metallicfinish and can resist heat up to 550

F- 1300 F.-available in spray cans and large cans

of paint






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Metallic Paint

A paint which is made frompigments of fine pieces ofaluminum, copper, bronze,zinc or tin.

Spraying is a best method ofapplying as it permits thespreading of a uniform layerof one or more coats of paint

covering the surface. used for decorative

purposes.





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Luminescent Paint

It is made by addingfluorescent andphosphorescent pigments toany one of a number ofsubstances, including alkydmarine varnish or quick-drying lacquers.

It may be used in residentialbuildings to produce special

effects. It may be used in hospitals ,

schools , factories, hotels, andetc.





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Intumescent Paints

Also called fire retardant paints. It stops the passage of fire to the surfaces

beneath them.

A variety of these paints are available, with avinyl, alkyd, polyurethane, epoxy and solventbase.

Opaque and transparent products are

manufactured in flat, semi gloss, gloss orsatin finishes.

Applied by brush, roller or spray over avariety of surfaces such as wood, paper,acoustical tile, concrete, stucco, plaster,enamel or varnish.

Drying time to a dust free condition will varyfrom 30 minutes to 20 hours.

May vary from 150 to 500 sq.ft per gal,depending on the particular type of paintused and kind of surface it is applied.





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COATING PRODUCTS





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CONCRETE NEUTRALIZER

A basic compound

recommended for new

plastered concrete to

neutralize the aciditypresent in the cement.

Concrete mixture or

brought by the etching

solution





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An example of Concrete Neutralizer

Product: Boysen Masonry Neutralizer #44

Description: A liquid acidicsubstance that is to be mixedwith water to neutralize limeactivity in new masonrysurfaces.

Coverage: 20 sq.m/gallon ofmixture

Application:paint brush orroller

Packaging:3.785 liter,946.25ml, and 473.12 ml

bottles Mixing Ratio: 1 part Boysen

Masonry Neutralizer #44 to 16parts clean water





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WALL EMULSIONS

Water based sealer suitable formultiple purposes,can be usedon marble,slate,terrazzo,quarry tile andconcrete.

Can be applied to new concreteas a curing compund and willgive a durable surface seal

Resistant to abrasions and towide variety of chemicals to

give long life and wear Easy repair by coating directly

over old surface after cleaning.

Dries quickly to a high shine.Different Paints and Coating Products




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Varnish

Transparent hard, protectivefinish primarily used in woodfinishing but also for othermaterials.

Combination of drying oil,

resin and a thinner or solvent Usually glossy but may be

designed to poroduce satin orsemi-gloss sheens by theaddition of flatting agents.

Has little no color, transparent

and no pigment. Applied over wood stains as

final step to achieve a film forgloss and protection.





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Lacquers

New product madefrom syntheticmaterials to take theplace of varnish for

clear finishes.

Modern lacquer isbased on nitrocelluloseused in combination

with natural orsynthetic resins andplasticizers.





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WOOD STAINS

Materials used to applycolor to wood surfaces.

They are intended toimpart color without

concealing the grain andnot to provide aprotective coating.

Used to accentuate thecolor contrast of wood

grain or to even up colordifferences to imitateexpensive wood colorson surfaces





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Turpentine

is a fluid obtained by thedistillation of resin obtained fromlive trees, mainly pines.

It is derived from the greek wordterebithine, the name of thespecies of tree terebinth tree,

from whose sap the spirit wasoriginally distilled.

Used for thinning oil basedpaints, for producing varnishesand as a raw material forchemical industry.

It is mixed with carnauba wax orbeeswax to make fine furniturewax as a protective coating overoiled wood finishes.





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Dela Costa, Peter and dela Paz, Nikka Marie M.

Building Technology 1/ 9:00 - 10:00am

Red Lead Primer - recommended for use on iron andsteel surfaces as it contains pigment that inhibits rust. Should be thinned

with paint thinner.

Color: Orange or reddish orange

Coverage: 30-40 sq. m. per 4-liter can

Packing: 1-liter, 4-liter and 16 liter cans


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Red Oxide Primer: a general primer for exterior andinterior iron and steel surfaces where rust cannot be completely eliminated.

Usually used in residential, industrial and marine structures. It is thinned withpaint thinner.

Color: Reddish brown


Packing: 1-liter, 4-liter and 16-liter cans


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Zinc Chromate Primer - ideal forapplication as the first coat on aluminum, galvanized iron and

steel surfaces, what with its exceptional adhesion and anti-corrosion properties. It is reduced with paint thinner.

Color: Yellow only

Coverage: 30-40 sq. m. per 4-liter

canPacking: 1-liter and 4-liter cans


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Exterior Wood Primer- for priming exterior woodsurfaces so as to provide a solid foundation for latex and alkyd

exterior topcoat paints. Reduction is by the use of paint thinner.

Color: White only, maybe tinted with tinting colors


Packing: 4-liter and 16-liter cans


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Interior Wood Primer and Sealer - specified asprimer and sealer for interior wood finishes. It is designed to dry a hard film

that stops surface suction and provide a solid foundation for the interior

wood finishes.

Color: White only but may be tinted with colors in oil

Coverage: 30-40 sq. M. per 4-liter can

Packing: 1-liter, 4-liter and 16-liter cans


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Epoxy Primer - specially formulated as the primer for metal,galvanized iron, wood or concrete to be topcoated with catalyzed epoxy

enamel. It has two components: a.) the epoxy primer and b.) polyamide

catalyst curing agent which, when mixed together as directed by the

manufacturer, produces a tough surface resistant to abrasion, solvents,

chemicals, acids and alkalis.

Color: White, Gray, Red Oxide, Yellow, Coal Tar and eggshell


Packing: Kit of 4-liter primer that is 3/4 and

1-liter curing agent


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Heat-Resisting Aluminum Paint - a ready-mixedaluminum paint formulated for application on surfaces subject

to high temperatures like stove pipes and stacks, radiators,boilers, ventilators and other general industrial equipment. No

reduction is required.

Color: Aluminum bright

Coverage: 30-50 sq. M. per 4-liter can

Packing: 4-liter can


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PAINTS CAN BE APPLIED BY

BRUSH

SPRAY

ROLLER


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PAINTING / COATING FINISHES CAN BE

EITHER:

- GLOSSY shiny, lustrous surface which

enable it to be resistant to dirtaccumulation

- SEMI-GLOSS between glossy and

matte finish

- MATTE/FLAT non-shiny, yet smooth.


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FOR PAINTED CONCRETE/CHB PLASTERED WALLS:(1) Plastering (2) Apply Concrete Neutralizer (to prevent acidic reaction

with paint) (3) Apply Base Coat /Primer (to prepare the surface for thesucceeding coats) (4) Apply one or more layers of Top Coat (Final Coat,Latex Paint)

FOR WOOD (PAINTED FINISH):

(1) Sanding with sand paper (2) Apply Sanding Sealer/Primer/Base/PuttyCoat (3) Apply Top Coat (Quick Dry Enamel /QDE Paint)

FOR WOOR (VARNISHED FINISH):

(1) Sanding with sand paper (2) Sanding Sealer (3) Apply Varnish

FOR NON-GALVANIZED METAL:

(1) Sand the metal surface (2) Apply Lead Primer / Red Oxide Primer(3) Apply Final Coats (Enamel Paint)

FOR GALVANIZED METAL:

(1) Apply Latex paint

STEP-BY-STEP, LAYER-BY-LAYERAPPLICATION GENERAL GUIDE:


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Previously painted surfaces:

Scrape off loose paint and sand smooth.

Old, fading paint must be removed toprovide good adhesion for the new coats ofpaint.

Nail back loose boards, countersink thenaiL heads and fill with putty.

To prevent discoloration of paint later,seal knots and resinous spots with a thin coatof shellac.

New wood exteriors:

The surface must be clean and dryRough spots in siding should be sanded

smooth

All new wood must be primed

After the prime coat has been dried, putty andfill all nail holes and cracks

Caulk joint around doors and windowframes

If pre-primed siding is hard and slick, it shouldbe re-primed

SURFACE

PREPARATION

(Exterior)


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Masonry floors:

Interior and exterior concrete floors must be

allowed to dry approximately 90 days for proper

aging.

Fresh cement contains alkali which

will burn paint.

Floors subjected to excessive

moisture seepage, or hydrostatic

pressure, cannot be

successfully painted.

Metal surfaces:All metal surfaces must be cleaned and dry

Remove any rust, mill scale or loose paint

by wire brushing, sandblasting/sandpapering.

Bare spots on shop-coated steel must be

wire-brushed and spot primed.

Remove oil and grease with paint thinner ormineral spirits.

No priming necessary when applying

exterior latex to weathered galvanized metal.

SURFACE

PREPARATION

(Exterior)


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The surface to be painted must be clean and

free of wax, dirt or grease.

Cracks and holes must be repaired with

patching plaster .

Patched areas must be spot primed .

Old glossy surfaces should be prepared By

sanding

SURFACE

PREPARATION

(Interior)




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Avoid painting in the hot sun. Try to

paint those surfaces that have already been

exposed to sunlight

Apply a coat of paint primer

Finish with two-coat of top coats

PROPER

APPLICATION




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Alligatoring: Patterned

cracking in the surface of the

paint film resembling the

regular scales of an alligator.

Chalking: Formation of finepowder on the surface of the

paint film during weathering,

which can cause color

fading. Although some

degree of chalking is a

normal, desirable way for apaint film to wear, excessive

film erosion can result in

heavy chalking.

Efflorescence/Mottling:

Crusty, white salt deposits,

leached from mortar ormasonry as water passes

through it.

PAINT DEFECTS

(Exterior)




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Frosting:A white, salt-like

substance on the paint

surface. Frosting can occur

on any paint color, but it is

less noticeable on whitepaint or light tints

Paint Incompatibility:

Loss of adhesion where

many old coats of alkyd or

oil-based paint received alatex top coat.

Peeling: Loss of paint due

to poor adhesion. Where

there is a primer and top

coat, or multiple coats of

paint, peeling may involve

some or all coats.

PAINT DEFECTS

(Exterior)



Poor Gloss Retention:


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Poor Gloss Retention:Deterioration of the paintfilm, resulting in excessiveor rapid loss of luster ofthe top coat.

Vinyl Siding Warp:Warping or buckling ofvinyl siding panels thathave been repainted.

Wrinkling: A rough,crinkled paint surfaceoccurring when paintforms a "skinPoor AlkaliResistance: Color loss andoverall determination ofpaint film on freshmasonry.

Poor Galvanized Metal

Adhesion: Paint that haslost its adhesion to agalvanized metal substrate.

PAINT DEFECTS

(Exterior)




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Blistering: Bubbles resulting fromlocalized loss of adhesion andlifting of the paint film from theunderlying surface

Blocking: Undesirable stickingtogether of two painted surfaces

when pressed together (e.g., adoor sticking to the jamb)

Burnishing: Increase in gloss orsheen of paint film whensubjected to rubbing, scrubbingor having an object brush upagainst it.

Cracking: The splitting of a drypaint film through at least onecoat as a result of aging, whichultimately will lead to completefailure of the paint. In its earlystages, the problem appears ashairline cracks; in its later stages,flaking occurs.

Sagging: Downward "drooping"movement of the paint filmimmediately after application,resulting in a uneven coating.

PAINT DEFECTS

(Interior)


Bt 1 Paint - Revised

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