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BUILDER’S PLANT AND TEMPO

WORKS AND SERVICES

LECTURE 3

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One of the most important resources to be managed is m

and equipments.

The cost of using machineries / equipments may varies

range of 20% - 40% of total construction cost.

ome types of pro!ects are labour intensive "hile ma!ori

structure "or#s are e$tensively using machineries / equipm

Introduction

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ased on substantial cost involved& thus construction mach

equipments must be properly managed.'ppropriate planning and acquiring of machineries can help

avoid the problems face during construction stage.

Introduction (cont’d)

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OBJECTIVES OF Plant & Equipment Manageme

To ma$imise the plant and equipment output

To complement the "or#s "ith available materials and labour

To reduce idling time

  To control and complete the !ob faster (for big pro!ects)

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Contractors Plant and Equipment Acquis

Policy

• Buy

• Rent

• Buy and rent

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Buy Plant and Equipment

 Advantages:

- Plant and equipment is available when required

- An important consideration for project award

- Adds asset value to the company

- Can be competitive in tender bids

Disadvantages:

- Maintenance cost (workshop)

- Storage cost

- Operator cost

- High capital investment

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Rent Plant and Equipment

 Advantages:

-

Low capital cost- No maintenance cost

- No storage cost

- Can be competitive in tender bids when there are many suppliers

Disadvantages:

- High tender cost because of high rental cost

- May not be available when needed

- Not a return in investment

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The decision to acquire construction machineries / equipmen

considered seriously cause the capital required is very high.

some machineries can be in the range of several hundred th

*illion +inggit.

,f decided to purchase and o"n a particular machine& one ha

into account services such as maintenance& rental& cost acco

Acquisition of Machineries anEquipments

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The decision to acquire construction machineries / equipmen

considered seriously cause the capital required is very high. some machineries can be in the range of several hundred th

*illion +inggit.

,f decided to purchase and o"n a particular machine& one ha

into account services such as maintenance& rental& cost acco

Acquisition of Machineries anEquipments

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There are several factors to be considered if one decided to

and o"n a particular machine.(i) Output apacity beside capacity of the machine& avas#ill operator has to be ta#en into account.

(ii) *ar#et emand before purchasing it is good to condemand so that the purchasing is not only for a pro!ect bube rented out.

Acquisition of Machineries anEquipments

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epends upon

ite location conditions

1eriod of use

ontractors available capital

'vailability of storage /"or#shop

'vailability of trained operator

*anagement and maintenance cost

'dvantages/disadvantages of buying

'dvantages/disadvantages of renting

Considerations to Buy or Rent

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Seleting t!e plant and equipment

Capacityflexibility

Cost

Site ondition and loation

Type o" proType of Construction

Interdepen

with oth

plant/equipm

labour

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Fators to $e Considered in Plant and Equipment C

Control

ost to be borne

Time "hen required

requency of use

Transportation to site cost

urability

*aintenance

epreciation cost

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1lanning and scheduling of machineries / equipments must b

on the "or# programme. +equisition on acquiring must be m

the decision has been made to use a particular machinery.

'nalysis of levelling on the usage of machineries / equipmen

guide the managers to ma#e critical decision.

Planning of Machineries andEquipments

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3ndoubtedly& critical activities "ill be given the most priority.,f during a particular day& 2 or more activities require the useequipment& hence priority must be given to the critical activit

espite careful planning and acquisition& problems may still construction stage.

Planning of Machineries andEquipments

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everal problems faced by the contractors during the construprogress.

'mong these problems are highlighted in igure . 5o"eveimportant things to do is to acquire the machineries / equipmneeded.

Problems related to MachineriesEquipments

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SeveralActivities

SH!"A#ES

I$E%%I&IE$"

'!EA*$+$A,AI-A'I-I". 

S"-E$

$oSecurit1

$oMaintenance

ver+sage

$o!equisition

+neconomic age

+na2areof Mar3et

Availabilit1

+nplanned+nder&apacit1

+ns3illed

perations

$oHoardin

g

Figure 1 : Problems Related to Machineries and Equipm

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 Excavation

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DIGGER• multiple usage it finds its application

• Building highways, airports and roads.

• Construction of dams, water and sewersystems.

• Constructing commercial buildings,housing developments, hospitals, schoolsand office building.

• Helps in mining and offshore drilling.

• Excavating, digging, small demolitions,landscaping and preparation ofconstruction sites.

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Bulldozer

Like any bulldozer scrape dozer too has tractor, ripper

and blade as the main part. It uses scraper for doing

various functions which in turn is controlled by joy stick,

monitor panels and pedals. The whole mechanism of the

dozer depends on the principle of the hydraulic systems.

 Applications

Land clearing and land leveling

Preparing construction sites

Helps in the construction of roadsConstruction and maintenance of canals and dams

Removal of snowsOther smaller and bigger civil engineering projects.

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Scrapers

Scraper is an important mechanical equipment that is

used for excavating, digging and hauling of materials.

Scraper is available in different sizes and configuration

depending on the nature of the project. It is one of the

most versatile equipment that performs different

functions single handedly.

 Application

It helps in preparing the ground for the new loads of solid

waste that constantly arrive.

Helps in preparing work at landfills.

It digs, the site, loads, hauls and dumps the wastes

materials and helps in preparing the sites for

construction.

It is also used in road construction etc.

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Crane

 Armed with heavy carriage capacities and

powerful engines, the construction crane

finds their applicability in numerous

projects like.

 Application

 At construction sites, cranes are used to

lift steel, concrete and other materials.

i. Construction of bridges.

ii.Construction of ports.iii.Lifting heavy industrial devices.

iv. Used in lifting of containers on sea

ports etc.

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Batching Plant

Equipment used at a concrete batching plants includes soils, weight hoppers conveyors, mix

auxiliary generators. The raw material like cement, sand and aggregate are batched and mi

moisture concrete. The required concrete is fed via conveyor belt into the block machine. Boo

for pulling the material towards the gates for batching of aggregates. Cement Hopper with S

concrete mixer reversible drum, weight batcher with precision scales for aggregate and cem

other equipments that are used in concrete batching plants.

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Summary

6conomics (usage and return of investment)

uitability "ith type and quantity of "or#

'vailability of competent and responsible operator

*aintenance /rental cost

torage and "or#shop

uture use

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  1revention of materials and labour "astage

  mooth e$ecution of "or#

  1roductivity

  7uality ontrol

  ompletion of pro!ect "ithin the contract period

Summary %Contd' 

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 Temporary Works and ServLECTURE 4

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What is Temporary Works?

•  Defned in BS 5975•  An ‘engineered solution’ used to

– Support or protect an existing structuthe

permanent works during construction– Support an item o plant or e!uipment– Support an exca"ation– #ro"ide access

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Examples of Temporary Works

$arthworks

– %renches& exca"ations& temporar' slopes and stockpiles(

)o*erdams

Structures

– +ormwork& alsework& propping& acade retention& needlinshoring& edge protection& temporar' ,ridges& site hoardinsignage& site encing(

$!uipment-plant oundations

– %ower crane ,ases& supports& anchors and ties or hoists.)/#s& crane and piling platorms

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Tall building:

Vertical Transportation & Handling /Access

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INTRODUCTION

•Access to the interior and exterior o the ,uilding is needed or worand e"en plant or machiner'(

•/orkers ha"e to ,e lited to their work areas within the ,uilding ,eithat the' do not tire themsel"es clim,ing stairs

•.aterials ha"e to ,e lited to their installation positions within the ,,uilt(

•

 %he common e!uipment or machineries used are1

• Sca*olding 2elicopters• )ranes 3u,,ish )hute• Derricks• 4ondolas-Swinging Stage• 2oists•

$le"ator lits6

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S&A%%-I$#• A temporar' working platorm

erected around the perimeter o a ,uilding structureusuall' constructed rom steel or aluminium allo' tu,esclipped or coupled together to pro"idea means o access to high le"el working areas as wellpro"iding a sae platorm rom which to work

• Supported rom the ground or on a oor sla, or platorm

• 3emain static and di8cult to mo"e

•  %'pes o Sca*olding1

• #utlog sca*olds• ndependent sca*olds

• )antile"ered sca*olds

•  %russ:out sca*old

• 4antries

Basic )omponents

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Basic )omponents

#utlog Sca*olding

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#utlog Sca*olding

• A putlog sca*old consists o a single ro2 of staparallel to the ace o the ,uilding and set as ar a

rom it as is necessar' to accommodate a platormor f"e ,oards wide& with the inner edge o the placlose to the wall as is practica,le( %he standards connected ,' a ledger fxed with right angle coupthe putlogs are fxed to the ledgers using putlog c

•

 %he ,lade end o the putlog tu,e or putlog adaptnormall' placed hori;ontall' on the ,rickwork ,eitaking care to use the maximum ,earing area(

•  the' are onl' suita,le or new work in ,ricks or ,

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ndependent Sca*olding

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ndependent Sca*olding• An independent sca*old consists o a dou,le row o standards& with e

parallel to the ,uilding( %he inner row is set as close to the ,uilding apractica,le( %he distance ,etween the lines o standards should ,e thnecessar' to accommodate the re!uired num,er o ,oards and toe ,

• A "ariation ma' ,e adopted in which the row o standards nearest to can ,e set ,ack a,out edger ,racing is generall' fxed to alternate pairs o standards(Swa' ,racing is re!uired at inter"als not exceeding

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)antile"ered Sca*olding

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)antile"ered Sca*olding

• A cantile"ered sca*old is an independent tied standing scconstructed in accordance with the B#4 ,ut erected romcantile"ered ,eams 3S?& @B& soldiers& trusses& etc6 out ro

,uilding or structure( )antile"ered sca*olds using a ,eamarrangement as seen in fgure A6 must ,e designed ,' a engineer(

• eedles should ,e secured ,' through ,olting di"ider ,aanchoring& or propping ,etween the needle and the oor /here possi,le the in,oard part o the needle should ,e atimes the out,oard length( %he ,ase o the sca*old shouldto the needle as close as practical to the locating @:head

• All practica,le steps need to ,e taken to protect the area cantile"er during the erection and dismantling process( Aprecautions such as ull planking and pl'ing the ,ase lit o

sca*old& kick,oards and screening should ,e used to pre"

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 A

 %russ:out Sca*olding

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g

• A orm o independent tied sca*old used whereit is impractica,le& undesira,le or uneconomic to sca*old rom ground le"el(

• %he supporting sca*old structures is known as theout(

• 3e!uires special skill sand should thereore alwa'carried out ,' trained and experienced personnel

• +igure B shows a sca*old erected out a window oa ,uilding( A propping tower is erected ,etween tconcrete oors with a needle transom tu,e6 extethrough the opening( %he cantile"er e*ect o the the intended sca*old is transerred to the lower w

opening as shown(

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B

4antries Sca*olding

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g

• %hese are ele"ated platorms usedthe ,uilding ,eing maintained or u

construction is adacent to a pu,licootpath

•A gantr' o"er a ootpath can ,e us

or storage o materials& housingunits o accommodation andsupporting an independent sca*old

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 A

)3A$S

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• %hese are liting de"ices designed to raise materimeans o rope operation and mo"e the load hori;within their limitations o an' particular machine(

• %he range o cranes a"aila,le is "er' wide and thchoice must ,e ,ased on the loads to ,e lited& hehori;ontal distance to ,e co"ered& time periods oroperations& utilisation actors and degree o mo,ire!uired

• %'pes o crane1

• .o,ile )rane

• Static )rane

• %ower )rane

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%'pes C ?i,

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 %'pes C ?i,

Saddle hori;ontal6 i, >u8ng i,

%'pes C ?i,

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 %'pes C ?i,

+ixed i,

%'pes C Base

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 %'pes C Base

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)ruciorm ,ase ,allasted

)ruciorm ,ase un,allasted

$#$DAB>$ B

)3@)+C3. BAS$

.o,ile )ranes : Sel #ropelled)ranes

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)ranes

•.o,ile cranes

mounted on awheeled chassisand ha"e onl'one operator

position rom whichthe craneis controlled andthe "ehicle dri"en

.o,ile )ranes – >orr'

.ounted )ranes

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.ounted )ranes

• .o,ile cranes consists o a latticeor telescopic

,oom mounted on especiall'adapted truck or lorr'(

• 2a"e two operatingpositions1 the lorr',eing dri"en rom acon"entional ront ca,and the crane ,eingcontrolled rom a di*erent location(

• %he liting capacitiescan ,e increased ,'using outrigger sta,ili;ing acks(

.o,ile )ranes – >orr'

.ounted >attice ?i, )ranes

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.ounted >attice ?i, )ranes

• %hese cranes ollowthe same ,asicprinciples as thelorr' mountedtelescopic cranes,ut the' ha"e a

lattice ,oom andare designed ashea"' dut' craneswith liting capacitiesin excess o E== tones(

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/heel:mounted crane !uadr>attice ,oom crane

-attice bterminol

.o,ile )ranes –%rack .ounted )ranes

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 %rack .ounted )ranes

•  %hese machines can ,e auni"ersal power unitrigged as a crane or apurpose designed trackmounted crane with orwithout a ' i, attachment(

•  %he latter t'pe areusuall' more powerul with litingcapacities up to F5 tonnes(

• )an tra"el and carr' out litingoperations on most site withoutthe need or special road andhardstands pro"isions ,utthe' ha"e to ,e riggedon arri"al ater ,eing transportedto site on a low loader lorr'

Static )rane :.ast )rane

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Static )rane .ast )rane

• Similar in appearance tothe amiliar tower

cranes ,ut the' ha"e onemaor di*erence in that themast or toweris mounted on theslewing ring and thus rotateswhereas a towercrane has the slewing ring at

the top o towerand thereore onl' the i,portion rotates(

• Sel erecting& o relati"el' lowliting capacit' and are usuall'ftted with lu8ng i,(

%ower )ranes  • Most tower cranes hav

assembledanderected

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 %ower )ranes assembled and erectedto use and can be equihorizontal of luffing ji

•

Wide range of models makes it difficult to chsuitable for any particmost tower cranes caninto one of four basic g

• Self Supporting Stat

Cranes

• Supported Static Tow

• Travelling Tower Cr

• Climbing Cranes

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 %ower )ranes –Sel Supporting Static %ower )r

• 2igh liting capacit' with the mast or tower fxed toa oundation ,ase(

• Suita,le or confned and open sites

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 %ower )ranes –Supported Static %ower )ranes

•

Similar in concept to sel supportingcranes and are used where high lits arere!uired& the mast or tower ,eing tiedat suita,le inter"als to the structure to gextra sta,ilit' and open sites

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 %ower )ranes 5"ravelling (!ail Mounted)  %ower )

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• .ounted on power ,ogiesrunning on a wide gauge

railwa' track togi"e greater siteco"erage(

• Cnl' slightgradients can ,e

accommodatedthereore areasona,l' le"elsite or speciall'constructedrailwa' support trestle is

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 %ower )ranes 5&limbing )ranes

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•Used in conjunction with tallbuildings and structures.

•The climbing mast ortower is housedwithin the structureand raised as the height of thestructure is increased.

•Upon completion thecrane is dismantledinto small sectionsand lowered downthe face of the building

DERRICKS

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• %he Derricks crane is asimple and inexpensi"e

solution or liting hea"'weights E= tonnes ormore6 at long radius upto

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• 4u' Derrick hasse"eral gu's ca,leties6 that holding up the mast

and to help slewing o thecranes ,oom(

• %he other ends o the gu's areanchored to the ,uildingstructure(

• %he ,oom is hinged to the ,aseo the mast(

• /inches located atthe mast ,ase(1 useto derrick the ,oom andhoisting the load

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Scotch Derrick

i il i d i h

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• Similar in design to thegu' derrick except thatit has no gu's ca,leties6& has a shortermast and a longer,oom(

• t is sta,ili;ed ,'

ha"ing its two,acksta's to ,eloaded with ,allast

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 4CDC>AS C3 S/44 S%A4$

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• %hese consists o a working platorm in the orm o a crawhich is suspended rom cantile"er ,eams or outriggers

roo o a tall ,uilding to gi"e access to the aGade orcarr'ing out light maintenance work and cleaning acti"it

• %he cradles can ha"e manual or power control and ,e inunit or grouped together to orma continuous working p grouped together the' are connected to one another aa,utment ends with hinges to orm a gap o not more th

wide(

• .an' high rise ,uilding ha"e a permanent cradle s'steminstalled at roo le"el and this is recommended or all ,uo"er

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HIS"S

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•  %hese are designed or the"ertical transportation o materials& passengers or materials andpassengers(

• .aterials hoists are designed or one specifc use i(e( %he"ertical transportation o materials6 and under nocircumstances should the' ,e used to transport passengers(

• .ost material host are o a mo,ile ormat which can ,e dismantled&olded onto the chassis and mo"ed to another position or siteunder their own power or towed ,u' a haulage "ehicle

• #assenger hoists are designed to carr' passengers although

most are capa,le o transporting a com,ined load o materials andpassengers within the liting capacit' o the hoist

• A wide selection o hoists are a"aila,le ranging rom a singlecage with rope suspension to twin cages with rack andpinion operation mounted on two sides o a static tower(

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E-E,A"!S (-I%"S)

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• %hese mo"e on tracks(

•

 %he' are more sta,leand ha"e highercapacities as comparedwith a gondola

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!+''ISH &H+"E

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• @sed to direct disposals o de,ris rom"arious oor to the ,in on the ground oor

•  %he simple concept o connecting se"eralperorated dust,ins(

•  %he tapered la'eredc'linders are producedrom reinorced ru,,erwith chain linkage orcontinuit'( C"erall length

are generall' EE==mm&pro"iding an e*ecti"e length o Em(

• 2oppers and side entr' unit are made orspecial applications

HE-I&P"E!

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• /hen it is not possi,le

to use crane to lit thetopmost part o the,uilding such astelecommunicationtower mast6 helicopter

,ecomes a "ia,lesolution despite its "er' high cost

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SA%E". S.S"EM %! "A-- '+I-I$#&$S"!+&"I$

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• %he great heights& strong winds at heights andconstricteworking space make atal alls andcollisions "er' possi,

• .ost accidents in a worksite are categori;edunder 1

• Ialls o personJ

• Iworkers struck ,' alling o,ectsJ

• Accidents ma' result in high direct and indirectcosts1

• Direct )osts1 medical costs& workers’ compensation aninsurance ,enefts(

• ndirect )osts1 reduced producti"it'& o, scheduledela'damage to e!uipment and acilities& low moraleamongand possi,le additional lia,ilit' claims

+alls C #erson

• .easures against all

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go persons1

• A 2or3ing platform should

,e pro"ided to workerswhene"er practica,le 1should ,e o ade!uate width& carr'ingcapacit' and with su8cientguardrails toa*ord a sae and stead' oothold and handhold( %hewidth should not ,e less thanK

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g p 1falling ob7ects include8

• 4ood housekeeping and minimi;ing de,ris

,eing generated& hence less alling

materials(

• S'stematic and regular disposal

o accumulated de,ris& pro"isions o perimeter o"erhead shelter(

• Access and egress shelters to ,uilding 1

pro"ision o saet' net

sand pro"ision o pedestrian walkwa' orhoarding

•  %he compulsor' wearing o saet' helmets

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENT