A PRESENTATION ON

INDUSTRIAL TRAINING TAKEN AT

Presented by: Lavlesh Singh7th semester(1113331095)

CONTENTSINTRODUCTIONGENERATION OF ELECTRONIC EXCHANGEMAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAMEPOWER SECTIONPCM ROOMINTRODUTION TO WIMAXWIMAX APLICATIONSFROMS OF WIRELESS SERVICEBROADBAND TECHNOLOGIESFIBER OPTIC TRANSMISSION SYSTEMARCHITECTURE OF FIBER AND IT’S APPLICATIONADVANTAGE OF FIBER OPTICSGSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURECELLULAR MOBILE CONCEPTSGSM SERVICES

INTRODUCTIONo Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (known as BSNL) is a public sector

 telecommunication company, headquartered in New Delhi , India. Mr.R.K Upadhyay is a Chairman and MD of BSNL.

o BSNL is at 5th position as an operator with Market share of 13.28%. BSNL has large base of skilled work force of around 2.84 lakh as on 30th April 2013.

o The total telephone connections as on April 30, 2013 are 897 millions, out of which 119.14 million connections are provided by BSNL.

o It has the status of Mini Ratna, a status assigned to reputed public sector companies in India.

GENERATION OF ELECTRONIC EXCHANGE

o First Generation-In control circuits of switch room integrated circuits are used in ICs which are different type of logic gates,counter,flip-flop,timers, multiplexers etc.

o Second Generation- In this signals are stored in PROMs and signals for call processing and for supervision are obtained in the output of the memory. In such exchange gates multiplexers, flipflop,counters timers and RAM are used.

o Third Generation-In the third generation stored program control switching(SPC switching) is used.

MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME(MDF)o It is a large iron frame, divided into two parts.

1) Exchange side: exchange side is connect with the switch room.

2) Line side: line side is connected with the subscribers.

o The MDF is connected with the switch room with the help of cables have different colour codes. The colour codes consist of:

1)Main colour: Blue, Orange, Green, Brown, Grey

2)Assistant colour: White, Red, Yellow, Black

POWER SECTION

This is one of the important section of the exchange which control the whole exchange runs.

The power can be provided using one of the following methods.

Direct mains supply which is converted into dc

with the help of rectifiers. Power generator Battery

PCM ROOM

PCM Room consist of PCM transmitter and PCM receiver.

Block diagram of transmitter

Block diagram of receiver

Low pass filter

sampler Quantizer EncoderQuantizer Encoder

Regenerative

repeaterDecoder

Reconstruction filter

Destination

INTRODUCTION OF WIMAX• WiMAX

– Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

– Is a certification mark for products that pass conformity and interoperability tests for the IEEE 802.16

– provides wireless data over long distances in a variety of ways, from point-to-point links to full mobile cellular type access

• Speed– Faster than broadband service

• Wireless– Not having to lay cables reduces cost– Easier to extend to suburban and rural areas

• Broad coverage– Much wider coverage than Wi-Fi hotspots

WIMAX APPLICATIONS

• According to WiMAX Forum it supports 5 classes of applications:

1. Multi-player Interactive Gaming.

2. Video Conference

3. Streaming Media

4. Web Browsing and Instant Messaging

5. Media Content Downloads

FORMS OF WIRELESS SERVICE• Line-of-sight service

– Higher frequencies, lots more bandwidth– 30-mile radius

• Non-line-of-sight– A small antenna on a computer connects to the tower– Uses 2 GHz to 11 GHz frequency range– Limited to a 4-to-6 mile radius

BROADBAND TECHNOLOGYBroadband Technologies

Wireless

3G Mobile

Wireline

Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)

Satellite

DSL (Digital Sub’s Line)

Cable Modem

Optical Fibre Technologies

PLC (Power Line Communication)

WiMAX

FIBER OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

A Widely Used Communication Medium Based on TIR Information (Voice, Data Or Video) Is Transmitted In The Form Of Light

FIG. COMMUNICATION THROUGH OPTICAL FIBRE

ARCHITECTURE OF FIBER AND IT’S APPLICATION

Jacket

CladdingCore

Cladding

Angle of reflection

Angle of incidence

Light at less thancritical angle isabsorbed in jacket

Jacket

Light is propagated by total internal reflection

Jacket

Cladding

Core

(n2)

(n2)

Fig. Total Internal Reflection in an optical Fibre

ADVANTAGE OF FIBER OPTICS

High Speeds – Up To The GigabitsLow InterferenceLarge BandwidthSignals Can Be Transmitted At Larger Distances

Without The Need Of RepeatersGreater Resistance To Electromagnetic NoiseNo Crosstalk

GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

MS

BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS BTS

BTS

BTS

BTS

BSC

BSC

PSTN

VLR

TRAU HLR

EIR

OMC

SMSC

BC

AUC

VMSC

MSC

Abis

A

OML

CELLULAR MOBILE CONCEPTS

WHAT IS A CELL ?

• A base station (transmitter) having a number of RF channels is called a cell

• Each cell covers a a limited number of mobile subscribers within the cell boundaries ( Coverage area)

• Typical Cell Radius Aprrox = 30 Km (Start up)

GSM SERVICESSERVICE CATEGORIES

Main type of telecommunication services: Basic services: Available to all subscribers to a mobile network. e.g. voice telephone calls.

Supplementary services: Additional services that are available by subscription only. e.g. Call forwarding.