Chapter 1 jkT; o ‘kklu ;kph ladYiuk

Mahesh Jaiwantrao PatilM.A. (Political Science), M.Phil, NET, SET, & Ph.D(Pursuing)

Assistant Professor,Narayanrao Chavan Law College, Nanded, Maharashtra, India

Concept ofState and government

State Government Association Society Difference between State & Government Difference between State & Association Difference between State & Society

CONTENTS:

Introduction:

It is a political institution. It is a greatest of all human associations. Every individual is a member of the state. It is a politically organized society. The term state became very popular in 16th

century when the Italian political thinker Nicolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) used it for the first time in his book “The Prince”.

STATE jkT;

Meaning: vFkZ &

It is assembly of human being occupying a definite territory of defined boundaries under an organized government, subject to no outside authority will control.

It is established by the consent of people and recognized internationally.

Definition: O;k[;k &

Woodrow Wilson: State is people organized for law within definite territory.

Oppenheim: The State exists when a people settle in a country under its own sovereignty.

Burger: State is a particular portion of a mankind viewed as an organised unit.

Essential elements of State:jkT;kps vk/kkjHkqr /kVd &

1) Population2) Territory3) Government4) Sovereignty5) International Recognition

Territory:- Hkqizns’k people must live permanently on a definite

portion of land permanently to make a State. the people do not become a State until they have

acquired territory. Now days whether a State is small or big in

territory, it becomes powerful provided it has scientific technological advancement.

Example: U.K, France, Austria and Switzerland. India & China –are not powerful –in spite of their

vast areas ,big population and long history.

Government: ‘kklu Government is a instrument /machinery in

the hands of State to express the will of State / people.

It is a sum total of Legislature, Executive and Judiciary & internals bodies –which are engaged to perform some functions of the State to make the life of the people comfortable .

It sets rules and regulations ,control men’s behavior.

It Solves the common problem of society.

Sovereignty: lkoZHkkSeRo it is supreme power of the State to take any

decision regarding with internal and external matters of the country.

It makes a state independent & supreme. It is internal supremacy & external

independence. It is free to make its own foreign policy

decision without any external pressure.

International Recognition:-vkarjjkf”Vª; ekU;rk

State must have recognized by other states. The sovereignty will have due value when it

is recognized by other State.

State It is broader concept. It

consists of all citizen of State.

Example: U.S.A & U.K It has four element. It is a permanent institution. State powers are

original ,unlimited ,fundamental & primary.

Government It is narrow concept. It is a body

of some citizen of state.Example: Mr.Modi & Mr. Obama

Government. It is one of the element of State.

The State operates through Government

It is temporary institution subject to change.

It has only limited powers delegated by State authority.

Deference between State & Government

jkT; o ‘kklu ;karhy Qjd

For State- sovereignty is essentials.

State can’t be opposed by the people because they don’t have right to do so.

Loyalty of the citizen to their state is compulsory.

It does not have different form / types.

It is the master.

It does not possess sovereignty. It acts on behalf of the State.

A government can be opposed / changed by people when it does not work.

People have rights to criticize for its acts.

It has many forms / typesExample: Democracy,

Dictatorship, military Rule & etc….

It is a servant of the State

Continued……..

Introduction:- It is a group of people having a common purpose, interest and

aim. Example: Club, Family, Church, Chamber of Commerce an organization

 of people with a common purpose and having a formal structure.

It is a group of persons or members who are associated & organized into a unity of will for common good.

It can be organized On the basis of Political , social ,economic & religious ground.

Association la?kVuk

Essential requirement for Association.1. A group of People.2. These people must be organized one 3. They must have a common purpose.Definition:4. Bogardus: - “ Association is usually a working together of

people to achieve some purpose”.5. MacIver:- “ An organization deliberately formed for the

collective pursuit of some interest or set so interests, which the members of it share ,it terms as association ”.

Meaning It is group of individual who are organized .They are

associated by will for a common end.

State State is permanent. Example: India , U.S.A.

State is supreme to all other associations

Association Associations are temporary.

They can be dissolved after their specific purpose is achieved.

Example: Lokpal Movement 2011.

Associations are controlled by the State, through laws & regulations

Deference between State & Association

jkT; o la?kVuk ;kfry Qjd

Members of a State is compulsory.

The scope of a state is very wide.

State has a fixed & definite territory

State possesses the element of sovereignty. No one can challenge or disobey the State.

State has the authority to use the power.

Membership of association is optional.

Associations have a limited scope.

Associations are not limited by boundaries . they can branches in any part of the world.

Associations are not sovereign. Its membership depends upon the will of the individual.

Association does not have power to use the force. It is based on co-operation.

Welfare of all is the objective of the State.

An individual can be citizen of only one State.

State is a political association, supreme to all other state.

Welfare of its members is the aim of an association.

An individual can be member of any number of associations at the same time.

Associations can be social, economic, cultural, political or religious.

Introduction:-A group of people living independently, attempting

to solve their problem by common action. it is the web of social relationships.

A human society is a group of people involved in persistent interpersonal relationships, or a large social grouping sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority.

Society

Man never lives in isolation. He lives in association with other men, because nature itself has made man a social animal with various types needs. A man has to depend on many other men for satisfying his countless need.

Many men for satisfying their countless need form society.

In modern world , we take it for granted that all men & women live as members of society with mutual help, co-operation & support.

Continued……

Meaning:- It is very large group of men & women. Within the

large framework , we find family, class, caste, club, trade Union, school,chruch, political party & many other groups.

Definition :- Prof.Ginsberg:- “ A society is a collection of

individuals united by certain relations or modes of behavior which work them off from others who do not enter into those relations or who differ from them in behavior”.

State The state is a small part of

the society. State is artificial. State is the result of man’s

political consciousness.. State is only political

association. Sovereignty is an essential

element of State.

Society Society is a primary

association. Society is natural. Society is prior to the state. Society is an association of

many associations. Society does not possess

any sovereign power. It can only exercise moral force.

Deference between State & Society

State is a compulsory organization.

State is only concerned with man in his political dimensions.

State is a legal organization.

State must have the Government.

A state has rules & laws

Society is a voluntary organization.

Society seeks to develop all aspects of human life.

Society is a social organization.

Society may not have any organization to implement its principles.

A society is based on custom & traditions.

Continued…..

State can not exist without society.

State has the right to use legitimate power.

Society can exist without state.

Society has no such authority.

Continued……

Distinguish the State & Government in detail. (April 2012). Elements of State.(April 2012). Explain in detail difference between state & society, State

& association.(April 2014) Distinguish clearly between state & society, state &

association. (Nov. 2012) What is state ? Explain the essential elements of State.

(Nov 2011) What is meant by state ? Discuss the essential elements of

State. (Nov 2011, 2013) Difference between state & society.(Nov 2011, 2013)

Important Question……..

The End

Introduction:-A group of people living independently, attempting to solve

their problem by common action. it is the web of social relationships.

A human society is a group of people involved in persistent interpersonal relationships, or a large social grouping sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority.

Meaning:- It is very large group of men & women. Within the large

framework , we find family, class, caste, club, trade Union, school,chruch, political party & many other groups.

Definition :- Prof.Ginsberg:- “ A society is a collection of

individuals united by certain relations or modes of behavior which work them off from others who do not enter into those relations or who differ from them in behavior

State can not exist without society.

State has the right to use legitimate power State can not exist without society.

State has the right to use legitimate power

Society can exist without state.

Society has no such authority.

Distinguish the State & Government in detail. (April 2012).

Elements of State.(April 2012). Explain in detail difference between state & society,

State & association.(April 2014) Distinguish clearly between state & society, state &

association. (Nov. 2012) What is state ? Explain the essential elements of State.

(Nov 2011) What is meant by state ? Discuss the essential

elements of State. (Nov 2011, 2013) Difference between state & society.(Nov 2011, 2013

Meaning:- It is very large group of men & women. Within the large

framework , we find family, class, caste, club, trade Union, school,chruch, political party & many other groups.

Definition :- Prof.Ginsberg:- “ A society is a collection of

individuals united by certain relations or modes of behavior which work them off from others who do not enter into those relations or who differ from them in behavior”.