BSBA 320 Session 10 (Wrap Up on Individual Behavior)

8/3/2019 BSBA 320 Session 10 (Wrap Up on Individual Behavior)

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HUMAN OUTPUT

Organization

SystemsLevel

Human Resources Policies & PracticesOrganization structure and designOrganizational culture

GroupLevel

Communication

Group decisionmakingGroup structureConflict

Work teams

Power and politicsLeadership and trust


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IndividualLevel

BiographicalCharacteristicsPersonality and

EmotionsValues and AttitudesAbilities

PerceptionMotivationIndividual learning

Individual decisionmaking


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Communication

Biographical

Characteristics

Personalityand

Emotions

Perception

Changean

d

StressValues

andAttitud

es

Motivation


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Individual

DecisionM

aking

Human

Input

Ability

IndividualLearning


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Decisions: The choices made fromamong

two or more alternatives.

Problem: A discrepancy betweensome current state of affairs andsome desired state.


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A decision-making model thatdescribes how

individuals should behave in order tomaximizesome outcome.

Rational: making consistent, value-maximizing choices within specifiedconstraints.


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Define the problem.

Identify the decision criteria.

Allocate weights to the criteria.

Develop the alternatives.

Evaluate the alternatives.


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Problem clarityKnown options

Clear preferencesConstant preferences

Not time or cost constraints

Maximum pay-off


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Creativity: the ability to producenovel and

useful ideas.

Three Component Model ofCreativity: The proposition that

individual creativity requiresexpertise, creative thinking skills,and intrinsic task motivation.


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Experti

se

TaskCREATIVITY

CreativityMotivation

Skills


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Bounded RationalityCommon Biases and Errors

Intuition Individual Differences

Organizational Constraints

Cultural Differences


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Bounded Rationality: Makingdecisions by

constructing simplified models thatextractthe essential features from problemswithout

capturing all their complexity.


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Overconfidence BiasAnchoring Bias: a tendency to fixate

on initialinformation, from which we then failtoadequately adjust for subsequentinformation.

Confirmation Bias: the tendency toseek out


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information that reaffirms pastchoices andto discount information thatcontradicts past

judgments.


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Availability Bias: the tendency forpeople to

base their judgments on informationthat isreadily available to them.

Representative Bias: assessing the

likelihoodofan occurrence by inappropriatelyconsidering the current situation as


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identicalto ones in the past.


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Escalation ofCommitment: anincreased

commitment to a previous decisionin spite ofnegative information.

Randomness Error: the tendency of

individuals to believe that they canpredictthe outcome of random events.

Winners Curse: a decision-making


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dictumthat argues that the winning

participants inan auction typically pay too much forthewinning item.


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Hindsight Bias: The tendency for usto believe

falsely that wed have accuratelypredictedthe outcome of an event, after thatoutcome

is actually known.


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Focuson Goals

Look for information thatdisconfirms your beliefs.

Dont try to create meaning out ofrandom

events.


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Increase your options.


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An

unconsciousprocesscreated

out of distilledexperience.


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Personality: Conscientiousnessand self-

esteem play a role in decisionmaking.

Gender: Evidence indicates that

women analyze decisions morethan men do, ruminating (reflectingat length) and overthinking about

problems before making a decision,


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and rehashing the decision evenafter it has been made.


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Performance EvaluationReward Systems

Formal Regulations (ProgrammingDecisions)

System-ImposedTime Constraints

Historical Precedents


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Utilitarian View

Rights View (Bill of Rights)

Justice View


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BSBA 320 Session 10 (Wrap Up on Individual Behavior)

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Transcript of BSBA 320 Session 10 (Wrap Up on Individual Behavior)