Citizenship in the World

Merit Badge

Seminar and Study on Global Citizenship

Grant GraessleCharter Organization Representative, Troop & Pack 1203

E-mail: stewfoot@verizon.netPhone: (301) 866-9776

2

Citizenship in the World

3

Grant Graessle

• Eagle Scout 1979

– National Jamboree 1981 2013

• Education

– BA , USC 1987; MA, University of Phoenix 1999; MA, Naval War College 2007

• Wood Badge Course, NCAC Spring 2013

• Navy Reserve

– Retired CDR, December 2009

– Deployed to Iraq (among other places)

• Work for Naval Air Systems Command

– Cost Analyst 17 years

• Other interesting jobs include U.S. House of Representatives, Newport News

Shipbuilding, U.S. Navy Supply Officer

• Graessle family circus includes wife, 3 kids (two adopted from Kazakhstan),

homeschoolers

4

Requirements fulfilled in class

1. Explain what citizenship in the world means to you and what you think it takes

to be a good world citizen.

2. Explain how one becomes a citizen in the United States, and explain the

rights, duties, and obligations of U.S. citizenship. Discuss the similarities and

differences between the rights, duties, and obligations of U.S. citizens and the

citizens of two other countries.

4. Do TWO of the following: a. Explain international law and how it differs from national law. Explain the role of international law

and how international law can be used as a tool for conflict resolution.

c. Select TWO of the following organizations and describe their role in the world. i. The United Nations

iii. World Organization of the Scout Movement

5. Do the following: a. Discuss the differences between constitutional and non-constitutional governments.

b. Name at least five different types of governments currently in power in the world.

c. Show on a world map countries that use each of these five different forms of government.

5

Requirements fulfilled on field trip

3. Do the following: a. Pick a current world event. In relation to this current event, discuss with your counselor how a

country's national interest and its relationship with other countries might affect areas such as its

security, its economy, its values, and the health of its citizens.

b. Select a foreign country and discuss with your counselor how its geography, natural resources,

and climate influence its economy and its global partnerships with other countries.

6. Do the following: a. Explain how a government is represented abroad and how the United States government is

accredited to international organizations.

b. Describe the roles of the following in the conduct of foreign relations. i. Ambassador

ii. Consul

iii. Bureau of International Information Programs

iv. Agency for International Development

v. United States and Foreign Commercial Service

c. Explain the purpose of a passport and visa for international travel.

7. Do TWO of the following and share with your counselor what you have

learned: c. Visit with a student or Scout from another country and discuss the typical values, holidays,

ethnic foods, and traditions practiced or enjoyed there.

d. Attend a World Jamboree?

e. Participate in or attend an international event in your area, such as an ethnic festival, concert, or

play.

6

What is Citizenship?

• How to become a citizen:

– Birth• Born in the territory of the US

• Born to US Parents while traveling abroad on US Government orders or Secretary of State

authorized travel. (Certain rules and process apply)

– Naturalized• Adoption

• Citizenship test

• Marriage

• Duties, rights and Obligations:– US: Outlined in the US Constitution

• Bill of Rights

• Evolving as our society changes

• Citizen/resident of the state will be honored by all states

– Differences• Not all residents are citizens

• Not all residents vote

• National Service obligation

• Bill of Rights does not always apply!

7

National vs International laws

• National

– Legislative process

– Enforceable through agencies, fines, tax rebates

– Applies only to that country

• International

– Agreed upon through treaty process

– Not easily enforceable if state/country does not want to play

– Generally not seen by average citizen

– Accepted practice and tradition sometimes makes international law

8

Example of international law

• US Passport

– Identifies you as a US citizen

– Under the protection of the US Government

– Authorizes you to come and go from country

– Enables governments to monitor who is coming and going from

borders

• Visa from another country

– Endorsement of a passport by a foreign state is called a visa

– Agreed upon through treaty process

– Not easily enforceable if state/country does not want to play

– Generally not seen by average citizen

• Passport has been examined and found valid by the nation to be visited

• The bearer may legally go to his or her destination

• In some cases there are entry visas and exit visas

9

U.S. Foreign Police execution

Some sources of Policy– Treaty

– Accepted practice (That’s the way we’ve always done it)

– Executive decision

– Almost every Department (State, Judicial, Energy, Commerce) has a role

• What an Embassy overseas looks like

Department of State– Department of State, Office of Secretary

– U.S. Mission to the UN

• Bureau of International Information Programs (IIP)– Mission: Provides and supports the places, content, and infrastructure needed for sustained

conversations with foreign audiences to build America’s reputation abroad.

• Voice of America

• US Agency for International Development– Created USAID in 1961 by executive order

– Authorized by the Congress in the Foreign Assistance Act

– Technically an independent federal agency• SAID operates subject to the foreign policy guidance of the President, Secretary of State, and the National Security Council

Department of Commerce– United States Commercial Service

– International Trade Administration

10

Types of NGOs

Non-governmental organization

• Two types– Orientation

– Operation

• Orientation– Charitable (Red Cross, Amnesty International)

– Service (Peace Corps)

– Participatory (World Scouting Movement)

– Empowering (Micro-loan, Kickstarter)

• Operation (By level of operations)– Community/City (Soup Kitchen)

– National (YMCA)

– International (Save the Children, Ford Foundation, Rockefeller Foundation, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)

11

Who is the UN?

United Nations (UN) – Governmental organization

• Intergovernmental organization

– Currently 193 member states

– Founded 1945• Charter drafted at Dumbarton Oaks in Georgetown

– UN Charter source of International law, treaties and definition of ‘Human Rights’

• Six principal organs– General Assembly (the main deliberative assembly)

– Security Council (for deciding certain resolutions for peace and security)

– Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) (for assisting in promoting international economic and social co-operation and development)

– Secretariat (for providing studies, information, and facilities needed by the UN)

– International Court of Justice (the primary judicial organ)

– United Nations Trusteeship Council (currently inactive)

• Other prominent organs– World Health Organization (WHO)

– World Food Program (WFP)

– United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

• Non-governmental organizations may be granted consultative status with ECOSOC – Sovereign Military order of the Temple of Jerusalem

– World Veterans Federation

– World Organization of the Scout Movement

12

Who is the

WOSM?

• World Organization of the Scout Movement (WOSM)

• Mission: “To contribute to the education of young people, through a value

system based on the Scout Promise and Scout Law, to help build a better world

where people are self-fulfilled as individuals and play a constructive role in

society"– Established 1922

– Non-governmental international organization

– Currently 162 members (As of Jan 2014)

– Organized into regions and operates with a conference, committee and bureau

• World Jamboree held every four years– 1979: XV - Nishapur, Iran “Join In” Jamboree: sister cities exchange troops

– 2011: XXII – Rinkaby, Sweden

– 2015: XXIII - Kirarahama, Japan

– 2019: XXIV - Bechtel Scout Reservation!

13

Constitutional or not?

• Written Constitution

• Basic law to which all other laws are under authority– Protect Individual Rights

– Limited Government Power

– Checks & Balances

– Stability

– Federal Government

• Does a Constitution mean a democracy?

• Differences in Consitution:

– US

– Kazakh

– France

14

Several types of government

• Anarchy

• Absolute monarchy - a form of government where the monarch rules unhindered, i.e., without any laws, constitution, or legally organized opposition.

• Commonwealth - a nation, state, or other political entity founded on law and united by a compact of the people for the common good.

• Communist - a system of government in which the state plans and controls the economy and a single - often authoritarian - party holds power; state controls are imposed with the elimination of private ownership of property or capital while claiming to make progress toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally shared by the people (i.e., a classless society)

• Constitutional democracy - a form of government in which the sovereign power of the people is spelled out in a governing constitution

• Constitutional monarchy - a system of government in which a monarch is guided by a constitution whereby his/her rights, duties, and responsibilities are spelled out in written law or by custom

• Democracy - a form of government in which the supreme power is retained by the people, but which is usually exercised indirectly through a system of representation and delegated authority periodically renewed

• Dictatorship - a form of government in which a ruler or small clique wield absolute power (not restricted by a constitution or laws)

• Ecclesiastical - a government administrated by a church.

• Oligarcy - A government in which a few people such as a dominant clan or clique have power

15

Examples

Name the type of government– South Africa

– United States

– United Kingdom

– India, Sri Lanka, Ireland, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Fiji

– Somalia

– Peurto Rico

– Libya

– Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea

– Peoples Republic of China

– Vatican City

– Pakistan

– Iran

– Turkey

16

Types of government

17

Citizenship in the World

Questions?