Buidling service II (BLD60503)

Group Assignment

CASE STUDY ON SUBANG PARADE, CASE STUDY ON SUBANG PARADE, SUBANG JAYASUBANG JAYA

Fire Protection System

Active fire protection system

Smoke detector

• Smoke detector detects and sense smoke• Optical smoke detectors are used in Subang Parade• Optical smoke detector operates using ultraviolet

light, a light beam collimating system and a lens or a sensor.

Manual fire alarm activation

• Manual fire alarm activation is a call point for raising an alarm manually if there’s a fire or emergency conditions exists.

Break glass fire call point

manual pull station

Fireman intercom system

• Fireman intercom system provides direct communication between the remote telephone handset and the master telephone handset which located at the fire control room.

Master control console at fire control room Remote handset station

Fire control room

• Fire control room is required for all commercial buildings and apartment buildings

• a room for control panel to monitor the building’s fire protection systems, fire pump, air-handling systems, communications and elevator controls.

Fireman’s switch

• Fireman’s switch is a specialized switch disconnector • Allows firefighters to quickly disconnect high voltage

electricity in case of fire or the prevent overheated equipment from exploding.

Water-based fire protection systems

Fire pumping system

• Fire pumps are usually located in pump room which is close to the fire tanks

• Component : duty pump, jockey pump, standby pump and water tank

Fire pumping system

• Pumps maintain the correct pressure in the distribution systems

• Duty pump and jockey pump powered by electricity while standby pump powered by diesel

External Fire hydrant system

• consists of a system of -pipework connected directly to the water supply

mains -an external connection point

Long pillar three-way fire hydrant

Non-water based fire protection systems

Fire extinguisher

• Fire extinguisher used to put out small fires during emergency situations.

• It’s portable and minimal in gross weight that allow to carry easily by the user.

• Dry powder fire extinguishers which effective on Class A, B and C fires are used in Subang Parade

Passive fire protection

Fire Rated Door

• Fire rated door are door that has approved and rated from third-party and able to withstand fire for a specific period.

Smoke Extraction system

• Smoke extraction system in fire escape staircase used to extract the smoke

• Increase the visuality of the user and provide longer period to escape.

Heat, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning SystemOf Subang Parade.

Mechanical VentilationNatural Ventilation

Mechanical Ventilation

• Centralized System• Cooling Tower• AHU Room• Chiller Room• Unitary System-Spilt-unit• Diffuser

Centralized System•Suitable for huge or high-rise building•A plant room is needed•Included compressor, condenser, evaporator.

Cooling Tower•Located at the rooftop of Subang Parade

•Total of 3 units of cooling tower

•The water is directly supplied from Syabas.

•The chilled warm water will discharge back to the chiller room

Chiller Room•Contain evaporator, condenser•Supply chilled water to AHU

AHU Room•70 units of AHU•Supply chilled air to interior space•Temperature sensor

Diffuser•reduce the velocity and increasing the static pressure of the air passes through a system•Linear design

• won’t affect and interfere with the interior design

Unitary System•Contain evaporator, condenser•Supply to an small enclosed space

Electrical supply system

Electrical supply system

• Electrical supply system is the conveyance of electricity from the power station to costumer’s premises.

• In Malaysia, Tenaga National Berhad (TNB) is the electric utility that provide electricity to Subang Parade.

• Subang Parade received 11kV from the local substation and using its own transformer to step down the voltage to 400/230V.

Vacuum circuit breaker

• one of the circuit breaker • vacuum is used as the arc

quenching medium• designed to protect an electrical

circuit from damage caused by excess current

Transformer

• Is a static machine used to transform electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction.

• It steps down the voltage from 11kV to 415V and then transferred to main switchboard for distribution.

Main switchboards

• is a device that transmits electricity and divide the main current into smaller currents for further distribution control of current

Distribution board

• known as panel distribution panel, electric panel or panel board.

• Its function is similar with the main switchboard.

Electrical backup system - Generator

• Diesel generators are used in Subang Parade.

• Combination of a diesel engine and electric generator to generate electrical energy.

Problems in Heating, Ventilation, and Air-conditioning (HVAC)

Produce loud noise

• The compressor, cooling tower, condenser and evaporator of the building produces very loud noises.

• These loud noises could indicate potential or existing equipment damage. It may also arise from a broken fan or a piece of loose ductwork.

Condenser

Produces loud noises

Compressor•Compressor produces loud, clanking noises•Indicating it might be loose •Might have broken or out of balance blades •Hits on other components causing damage to the system.

Produces loud noises

• The source of noise is from motor noise, fan noise and water noise.

• Water splashing continuously from induced draft counterflow.

• The solutions could be having two speed motors or variable speed drives.

Cooling Tower

Dirty, clogged air diffuser

• A diffuser normally has profiled blades to direct the air at an angle as it enters and leaves the unit into the space.

• When air is pushed out of these diffusers, it creates turbulence, which picks up and deposits dust particles onto the ceiling as well as onto its own metal surface.

Linear Diffuser

Dirty, clogged diffuser

• After a long period of time, the opening of the diffuser starts to accumulate tiny dust particles which may affect the air flow rate.

• Dirty and worn diffusers can force the air conditioning unit to work harder, which increases energy costs and reduces the life of the system.

• Dirty diffusers may also create poor indoor air quality

Side-wall inlet diffuser

Improper air balance

• Certain areas are cooler, while some other areas are warmer.

• Causes: failure of the dampers to regulate the flow of air in the ducting system.

• When the dampers fail to perform, the distribution of cooled air will be inconsistent and tend to create improper air balance in different areas or rooms.

Lack of Maintenance

• HVAC systems require regular maintenance in order for its system to function effectively and efficiently

• The return diffusers are very dirty. Plenty of dust particles can be spotted on its surface. It is clear that the dust has been deposited and accumulated for quite some time already and no maintenance effort or cleaning has been made.

• The compressors, condensers and evaporators in the building produce very loud noises. They also ignite and operate slower than normal HVAC system.

1.0 Problems of Fire Protection System

1.1 Age of Fire Protection System• Fire protection system of Subang Parade is over 30 years.• The functionality of an aged fire alarm or detection system can be compromised.• Even in applications where systems are nor regularly exposed to harsh conditions, the

typical life span of control equipment and smoke detectors is only approximately ten years, due to natural deterioration.

• The process of locating antiquated parts for deficient systems, or finding supplementary parts that will mesh with old systems to bring them up to standard, can be extremely time consuming and can distract plant staff from their principal duties.

• To manage the old systems, it needs to tap into resources that have the knowledge and experience to inspect and test the systems, can conduct a comprehensive analysis about the condition of the system and can provide all of the relevant details in a succinct manner so that plant staff can make informed decisions about the future of their systems.

1.2 Fire Alarm System• Most of the fire alarm bell in Subang Parade

seem to be old and worn out which put many in doubt whether it can work or not.

• In this situation, operation of fire alarm may occur in an abnormal condition.

• It will be the problem in providing warning of the outbreak of fire such as insufficient delivering high sound pressure output for fire signalling needs.

• Smoke detectors have a life span which is around ten years. It needs to replace to prevent the insufficient operation.

1.3 Sprinkler System

• Some sprinklers are covered by a layer of dust.

• This might result in a fake alarm to occur or disturb the operation within the building.

1.3 Sprinkler System

• There are also some sprinklers are corroded.

• The corrosion of fire system pipe may cause a sprinkler system to fail and also result in leakage.

1.4 Expiry date of fire extinguisher

• Fire extinguisher shall replace with a new one once the expired fire extinguisher has been expired.

• If use an expired fire extinguisher it wont show expected performance as it will leak the gas over the time.

Recommendation

HVAC

Schedule of Maintenances

Schedule maintenance annually.

Sufficient air flow from the system and prevent dust particles from blocking the air

flow.

Save energy usage by reducing energy consumption to supply air flow through

the system.

Arrange a proper schedule suitable for the maintenance of the HVAC system.

The schedule should not be placed during the working period where activities are

progressing such as painting, renovations and etc

Cont’d

Maintaining HVAC system will increase the life expectancy of HVAC equipment

and improve indoor air quality of the building.

Regular check-ups and service can prevent most of HVAC performance

problems because service technicians could identify and correct issues that

prevent HVAC equipment from performing as designed

HVAC Sound

✔ Most of sound generated due some form of vibration from component

✔ Figure out the factors that cause noise in HVAC system to come out a solution.

✔ Replace worn-out component in the system or replace the whole system.

Preventive that can be taken to avoid such problem:

✔ Have periodically check-up

✔ Make update as required

✔ Having a regular maintenance schedule.

Dirty Diffuser

• Dirty diffuser may indicate air quality issue in the building

• Dirt particles can be composed of both natural and man-made materials such as dust,

smoke, greasy fumes, lint and pollen.

•Areas with heavy foot traffic contributing to dirt of diffuser

Way to prevent diffuser dirty:

✔ Regular cleaning by using chemical substance once a week

✔ Find out the level of pollution

✔ If the space is polluted, regular cleaning on the goods item in the space are required.

Recommendation

Fire Protection System

Fire Extinguisher

The way to improve the fire extinguisher:

✔ Serviced and inspected by a fire protection company annually

✔ Proper training on way to use the fire extinguisher correctly

✔ Take attention about the expiry dates

✔ Regular check to ensure that there is no leakage cause by

breakage or rusting

✔ Model of fire extinguisher should be keep updated  

Manual Call Point

Call points should be positioned at the height of between 1.2m to 1.6m high from

the floor and it should be clearly easier to locate.

The maximum distance that an occupant should have to travel in order to

activate a manual call point is 45 metres.

Regular maintenance by testing once a week by the user.

Cont’d

Test a manual call point during working hours to ensure that the control panel and

alarm sounders operate smoothly.

As for each week, test a different manual call point at different location to ensure it

work effectively.

Fire Alarm System

Maintenance of fire alarm system is compulsory to ensure the fire alarm system

operate effectively at all times.

Regular testing and inspection is required to ensure that the fire alarm works well.

Scheduling maintenance:• Daily Checks -Checks to ensure system is operating normally. Rectify and record any

faults found

• Weekly Tests -Checks to ensure that the signal of monitoring station are functioning, battery and voltage conditions, rectify and record any faults

Cont’d

• Monthly Tests -Restore all the zones fault conditions, check and ensure that power

supply, indicator, alarm outputs are regulating correctly, rectify and record any

indication of fault.

• Yearly Tests -All monthly tests, test all detectors over as many zones as possible such

that all detectors will be check over a 5-year period, examine the interlocking

circuits, observe and clean dirty detectors, rectify and record any indication of fault.

Recommendation for a better system of the building

condenser condenser chillerchiller

• Higher Cooling power

• Same energy efficientcy

• Provides charging fluid below normal operation range of conventional equipment

• Internal melt ice on coil

• 20% higher compact size then water chiller

• Cold air or rooftop distribution system=additional dehumidification effects & fan energy saving

• Reduced electrical distribution

• Electricity generated at night generally has a lower heat rate

• No moving parts , hence very little maintenance is required